Overview of On-Chip Stimulator Designs for Biomedical Applications

Impedance Characterization and Modeling of Electrodes for Biomedical Applications

Franks, W., Schenker, I., Schmutz, P., & Hierlemann, A. R. (2005) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2005.847523 · Cited by 660 · see citing works

A neuro-stimulus chip with telemetry unit for retinal prosthetic device

Liu, W., Vichienchom, K., Clements, M., DeMarco, S. C., Hughes, C., McGucken, E., Humayun, M. S., de Juan, E., Weiland, J. D., & Greenberg, R. J. (2000) · IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits · doi:10.1109/4.871327 · Cited by 371 · see citing works

Functional Electrical Stimulation

Lynch, C. L., & Popović, M. R. (2008) · IEEE Control Systems · doi:10.1109/mcs.2007.914689 · Cited by 342 · see citing works

An Integrated 256-Channel Epiretinal Prosthesis

Chen, K., Yang, Z., Hoang, L., Weiland, J. D., Humayun, M. S., & Liu, W. (2010) · IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits · doi:10.1109/jssc.2010.2055371 · Cited by 266 · see citing works

A 232-Channel Epiretinal Stimulator ASIC

Ortmanns, M., Rocke, A., Gehrke, M., & Tiedtke, H. J. (2007) · IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits · doi:10.1109/jssc.2007.908693 · Cited by 225 · see citing works

Design and Implementation

(2016) · BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS eBooks · doi:10.2174/9781681082998116010006 · Cited by 156 · see citing works

A variable range bi-phasic current stimulus driver circuitry for an implantable retinal prosthetic device

Sivaprakasam, M., Liu, W., Humayun, M. S., & Weiland, J. D. (2005) · IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits · doi:10.1109/jssc.2005.843630 · Cited by 155 · see citing works

A Modular 32-site wireless neural stimulation microsystem

Ghovanloo, M., & Najafi, K. (2004) · IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits · doi:10.1109/jssc.2004.837026 · Cited by 149 · see citing works

A 64 Channel Programmable Closed-Loop Neurostimulator With 8 Channel Neural Amplifier and Logarithmic ADC

Lee, J., Rhew, H.-G., Kipke, D. R., & Flynn, M. P. (2010) · IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits · doi:10.1109/jssc.2010.2052403 · Cited by 140 · see citing works

A Compact Large Voltage-Compliance High Output-Impedance Programmable Current Source for Implantable Microstimulators

Ghovanloo, M., & Najafi, K. (2005) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2004.839797 · Cited by 137 · see citing works

A Highly Flexible System for Microstimulation of the Visual Cortex: Design and Implementation

Coulombe, J., Sawan, M., & Gervais, J.-F. (2007) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2007.916026 · Cited by 129 · see citing works

An Integrated Implantable Stimulator That is Fail-Safe Without Off-Chip Blocking-Capacitors

Liu, X., Demosthenous, A., & Donaldson, N. (2008) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2008.2003199 · Cited by 118 · see citing works

A Power-Efficient Neural Tissue Stimulator With Energy Recovery

Kelly, S. K., & Wyatt, J. L. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2010.2076384 · Cited by 107 · see citing works

An implantable wireless bidirectional communication microstimulator for neuromuscular stimulation

Lee, S.-Y., & Lee, S.-C. (2005) · IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Fundamental Theory and Applications · doi:10.1109/tcsi.2005.857770 · Cited by 104 · see citing works

Analysis of monophasic and biphasic electrical stimulation of nerve

Rubinstein, J. T., Miller, C. A., Mino, H., & Abbas, P. J. (2001) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/10.951508 · Cited by 84 · see citing works

Retinal Neurostimulator for a Multifocal Vision Prosthesis

Wong, Y. T., Dommel, N., Preston, P., Hallum, L. E., Lehmann, T., Lovell, N. H., & Suaning, G. J. (2007) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnsre.2007.903958 · Cited by 79 · see citing works

A Partial-Current-Steering Biphasic Stimulation Driver for Vestibular Prostheses

Constandinou, T. G., Georgiou, J., & Toumazou, C. (2008) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2008.927238 · Cited by 76 · see citing works

Architecture tradeoffs in high-density microstimulators for retinal prosthesis

Sivaprakasam, M., Liu, W., Wang, G., Weiland, J. D., & Humayun, M. S. (2005) · IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Fundamental Theory and Applications · doi:10.1109/tcsi.2005.857554 · Cited by 74 · see citing works

An arbitrary waveform stimulus circuit for visual prostheses using a low-area multibias dac

DeMarco, S. C., Liu, W., Singh, P. R., Lazzi, G., Humayun, M. S., & Weiland, J. D. (2003) · IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits · doi:10.1109/jssc.2003.817264 · Cited by 73 · see citing works

MONOPHASIC BUT NOT BIPHASIC PULSES INDUCE BRAIN TISSUE DAMAGE DURING MONOPOLAR HIGH-FREQUENCY DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION

Piallat, B., Chabardès, S., Devergnas, A. D., Torres-Martinez, N., Allain, M., Barrat, E., & Benabid, A. L. (2009) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1227/01.neu.0000336331.88559.cf · Cited by 73 · see citing works

Exponential Current Pulse Generation for Efficient Very High-Impedance Multisite Stimulation

Ethier, S., & Sawan, M. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2010.2073707 · Cited by 71 · see citing works

CMOS-Based Multichip Networked Flexible Retinal Stimulator Designed for Image-Based Retinal Prosthesis

Tokuda, T., Hiyama, K., Sawamura, S., Sasagawa, K., Terasawa, Y., Nishida, K., Kitaguch, Y., Fujikado, T., Tano, Y., & Ohta, J. (2009) · IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices · doi:10.1109/ted.2009.2030552 · Cited by 65 · see citing works

A Portable Wireless Online Closed-Loop Seizure Controller in Freely Moving Rats

Young, C.-P., Liang, S., Chang, D.-W., Liao, Y.-C., Shaw, F., & Hsieh, C.-H. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement · doi:10.1109/tim.2010.2050358 · Cited by 64 · see citing works

A Stimulator ASIC Featuring Versatile Management for Vestibular Prostheses

Jiang, D., Demosthenous, A., Perkins, T. A., Liu, X., & Donaldson, N. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2011.2138139 · Cited by 54 · see citing works

Electrical stimulation as therapy for neurological disorders

Testerman, R. L., Rise, M. T., & Stypulkowski, P. H. (2006) · IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine · doi:10.1109/memb.2006.1705750 · Cited by 49 · see citing works

Diagnosis and Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Taber, K. H., Hurley, R. A., & Yudofsky, S. C. (2010) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev.med.051408.105018 · Cited by 48 · see citing works

Implantable Stimulator for Epileptic Seizure Suppression With Loading Impedance Adaptability

Lin, C., Chen, W., & Ker, M. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2012.2200481 · Cited by 44 · see citing works

A Tripolar Current-Steering Stimulator ASIC for Field Shaping in Deep Brain Stimulation

Valente, V., Demosthenous, A., & Bayford, R. H. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2011.2171036 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

Development and in vivo Demonstration of CMOS-Based Multichip Retinal Stimulator With Simultaneous Multisite Stimulation Capability

Tokuda, T., Takeuchi, Y., Sagawa, Y., Noda, T., Sasagawa, K., Nishida, K., Fujikado, T., & Ohta, J. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2010.2078508 · Cited by 30 · see citing works

Compact Voltage and Current Stimulation Buffer for High-Density Microelectrode Arrays

Livi, P., Heer, F., Frey, U., Bakkum, D. J., & Hierlemann, A. R. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2010.2080676 · Cited by 29 · see citing works

Biphasic-current-pulse self-calibration techniques for monopolar current stimulation

Guo, S., & Lee, H. (2009) · IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS) · doi:10.1109/biocas.2009.5372085 · Cited by 28 · see citing works

Anesthesia for Pediatric Deep Brain Stimulation

Sebeo, J., Deiner, S. G., Alterman, R. L., & Osborn, I. P. (2010) · Anesthesiology Research and Practice · doi:10.1155/2010/401419 · Cited by 24 · see citing works

Monopolar vs. bipolar subretinal stimulation—An in vitro study

Gerhardt, M., Groeger, G., & MacCarthy, N. (2011) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.04.017 · Cited by 23 · see citing works

Toward A Fully Integrated Neurostimulator With Inductive Power Recovery Front-End

Mounaïm, F., & Sawan, M. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2012.2185796 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Implantable stimulator for bipolar stimulation without charge balancing circuits

Chun, H., Lehmann, T., & Yang, Y. (2010) · IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS) · doi:10.1109/biocas.2010.5709606 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Design of negative high voltage generator for biphasic stimulator with soc integration consideration

Huang, Y.-C., Ker, M., & Lin, C.-Y. (2012) · IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS) · doi:10.1109/biocas.2012.6418477 · Cited by 18 · see citing works

Stimulus driver for epilepsy seizure suppression with adaptive loading impedance

Ker, M., Lin, C., & Chen, W.-L. (2011) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2560/8/6/066008 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Electrode–Tissue Impedance Measurement CMOS ASIC for Functional Electrical Stimulation Neuroprostheses

Uranga, A., Sacristán, J., Osés, T., & Barniol, N. (2007) · IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement · doi:10.1109/tim.2007.904479 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Therapeutic management of incontinence and pelvic pain : pelvic organ disorders

Haslam, J., & Laycock, J. (2002) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-84628-756-5 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

A Stimulator Output Stage with Capacitor Reduction and Failure-Checking Techniques

Liu, X., Demosthenous, A., & Donaldson, N. (2006) · IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems proceedings · doi:10.1109/iscas.2006.1692667 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Design and Medical Safety of Neuromuscular Incapacitation Devices [Emerging Technologies]

Panescu, D. (2007) · IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine · doi:10.1109/emb.2007.901792 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

High-voltage-tolerant stimulator with adaptive loading consideration for electronic epilepsy prosthetic SoC in a 0.18-µm CMOS process

Lin, C., Li, Y.-J., & Ker, M. (2012) · IEEE International NEWCAS Conference (NEWCAS) · doi:10.1109/newcas.2012.6328972 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Physiological description of the neuron and the human nervous system

Cantor, S. R., & Cantor, S. (2002) · Proceedings of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium · doi:10.1109/freq.1995.483877 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Advances in implanted functional electrical stimulation

Soulier, F., Bernard, S., Cathébras, G., & Guiraud, D. (2011) · International Conference on Design & Technology of Integrated Systems in Nanoscale Era (DTIS) · doi:10.1109/dtis.2011.5941417 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

A High-Voltage-Tolerant and Precise Charge-Balanced Neuro-Stimulator in Low Voltage CMOS Process

Luo, Z., & Ker, M. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2015.2512443 · Cited by 84 · see citing works

A Digitally Dynamic Power Supply Technique for 16-Channel 12 V-Tolerant Stimulator Realized in a 0.18- μm 1.8-V/3.3-V Low-Voltage CMOS Process

Luo, Z., Ker, M., Yang, T.-Y., & Cheng, W.-H. (2017) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2017.2713122 · Cited by 50 · see citing works

A High-Voltage-Tolerant and Power-Efficient Stimulator With Adaptive Power Supply Realized in Low-Voltage CMOS Process for Implantable Biomedical Applications

Luo, Z., & Ker, M. (2018) · IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/jetcas.2018.2796381 · Cited by 38 · see citing works

Active Neural Interface Circuits and Systems for Selective Control of Peripheral Nerves: A Review

Habibollahi, M., Jiang, D., Lancashire, H. T., & Demosthenous, A. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2024.3430038 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

A multichannel current stimulator chip for spatiotemporal pattern stimulation of neural tissues

Kameda, S., Hayashida, Y., Tanaka, Y., Akita, D., & Yagi, T. (2014) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2014.6944750 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Design Trade-Offs for Neural Stimulators Optimization

Hassan, A. H., Mohamed, Z. E., Fahmy, A. E., Mostafa, H., & Soliman, A. M. (2020) · IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems proceedings · doi:10.1109/iscas45731.2020.9180759 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

A 0.002‐mm 2 8‐bit 1‐MS/s low‐power time‐based DAC (T‐DAC)

Hassan, A. H., Mostafa, H., Refky, M. A., Salama, K. N., & Soliman, A. M. (2021) · IET Circuits Devices & Systems · doi:10.1049/cds2.12068 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Design of H-Bridge Circuit for CMOS Stimulator and its Application Analysis

Liu, L. (2023) · IEEE International Conference on Image Processing and Computer Applications (ICIPCA) · doi:10.1109/icipca59209.2023.10257919 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

A Multi-channel Current Stimulator Chip for High Impedance Neural Electrodes

Kameda, S., Hayashida, Y., TANAKA, H., & Yagi, T. (2014) · Transactions of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers · doi:10.9746/sicetr.50.594

Electrical Bio-Stimulation, Practical Safety for Circuits in Clinical Use

Bharucha, E. A., Tremblay, S., Hamel, S., Gosselin, B. J., & Messaddeq, Y. (2025) · IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS) · doi:10.1109/icecs66544.2025.11270512

Design of a stimulator ASIC for active electrode books

Liu, X., Demosthenous, A., Vanhoestenberghe, A., & Donaldson, N. (2010) · IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS) · doi:10.1109/biocas.2010.5709597 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Recent advances in the design of implantable stimulator output stages

Liu, X., Demosthenous, A., Rahal, M., & Donaldson, N. (2007) · European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design · doi:10.1109/ecctd.2007.4529572 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

An Integrated Circuit Design of Implantable Neural Stimulators

Liu, J. (2025) · IEEE International Conference on Image Processing and Computer Applications (ICIPCA) · doi:10.1109/icipca65645.2025.11138837

Design Trade-Offs for Neural Stimulators Optimization

Hassan, A. H., Mohamed, Z. E., Fahmy, A. E., Mostafa, H., & Soliman, A. M. (2020) · IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems proceedings · doi:10.1109/iscas45731.2020.9180759 · Cited by 4 · see citing works