Electrically evoked responses in the rabbit cortex induced by current steering with penetrating optic nerve electrodes
Open accessAbstract
Purpose: Current steering is a neural stimulation strategy that uses simultaneous stimulation of adjacent electrodes to produce additional intermediate stimulation sites and thus improves spatial resolution. We investigated the feasibility of current steering using electrophysiological and computational methods after implanting paired penetrating electrodes into the rabbit's optic nerve (ON). Methods: Penetrating electrodes at different interelectrode distances were implanted into the ON and electrically evoked cortical potentials (EEPs) in V1 recorded with a 6 × 8 array. The current thresholds, EEP amplitudes, and spatial distributions were analyzed during current steering. Computational simulation studies were performed based on finite element models to calculate the area and spatial distribution of recruited ON fibers using a current steering stimulation strategy. Results: Threshold reduction and EEP amplitude enhancement were found with simultaneous stimulation of closely spaced electrode pairs. Spatially shifted cortical responses were achieved using current steering, whereas the amplitudes and spatial spreads of the responses were similar to that elicited by a single electrode. Computational simulations suggested that the centroid of the ON recruitment area could be modulated by current steering while the total recruitment area did not show any appreciable variability at a fixed current intensity. Conclusions: Current steering is a useful strategy to enhance the spatial resolution of an ON prosthesis without increasing the number of physical electrodes. This study provides useful information for optimizing the design of stimulation strategies with a penetrating ON prosthesis.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Different groups demonstrated that spatially organised phosphenes are induced by applying current-steering or modulating current amplitudes during optic nerve stimulation.
“Different groups demonstrated that spatially organised phosphenes are induced by applying current-steering or modulating current amplitudes during optic nerve stimulation [65,73].”
From Advances in visual prostheses: engineering and biological challenges (2022) · cites this paper as [73]
Cites
Topography of ganglion cells in human retina
Curcio, C. A., & Allen, K. A. (1990) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903000103 · Cited by 1,849 · see citing works
Interim results from the international trial of Second Sight's visual prosthesis
Humayun, M. S., Dorn, J. D., da Cruz, L., Dagnelie, G., Sahel, J.-A., Stanga, P. E., Cideciyan, A. V., Duncan, J. L., Eliott, D., Filley, E., et al. (2012) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.09.028 · Cited by 700 · see citing works
The Artificial Silicon Retina Microchip for the Treatment of VisionLoss From Retinitis Pigmentosa
Chow, A. Y. (2004) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.122.4.460 · Cited by 512 · see citing works
Rizzo, J. F., Wyatt, J., Loewenstein, J., Kelly, S., & Shire, D. (2003) · Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.02-0817 · Cited by 478 · see citing works
Artificial vision with wirelessly powered subretinal electronic implant alpha-IMS
Stingl, K., Bartz-Schmidt, K. U., Besch, D., Braun, A., Bruckmann, A., Gekeler, F., Greppmaier, U., Hipp, S., Hörtdörfer, G., Kernstock, C., et al. (2013) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.0077 · Cited by 473 · see citing works
Dobelle, W. H., & Mladejovsky, M. G. (1974) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1974.sp010766 · Cited by 468 · see citing works
A neural interface for a cortical vision prosthesis
Normann, R. A., Maynard, E. M., Rousche, P. J., & Warren, D. J. (1999) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(99)00040-1 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
Veraart, C., Raftopoulos, C., Mortimer, J. T., Delbeke, J., Pins, D., Michaux, G., Vanlierde, A., Parrini, S., & Wanet-Defalque, M.-C. (1998) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00977-9 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Human cortical magnification factor and its relation to visual acuity
Cowey, A., & Rolls, E. T. (1974) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00237163 · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Design of a high-resolution optoelectronic retinal prosthesis
Palanker, D., Vankov, A., Huie, P., & Baccus, S. A. (2005) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2560/2/1/012 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Can subretinal microphotodiodes successfully replace degenerated photoreceptors?
Zrenner, E., Stett, A., Weiss, S., Aramant, R. B., Guenther, E., Köhler, K., Miliczek, K.-D., Seiler, M. J., & Haemmerle, H. (1999) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(98)00312-5 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Pattern recognition with the optic nerve visual prosthesis
Veraart, C., Wanet‐Defalque, M., Gérard, B., Vanlierde, A., & Delbeke, J. (2003) · Artificial Organs · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1594.2003.07305.x · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Learning Retina Implants with Epiretinal Contacts
Eckmiller, R. (2009) · Ophthalmic Research · doi:10.1159/000268026 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Descarries, L., Watkins, K. C., Garcia, S., Bosler, O., & Doucet, G. (1996) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19961111)375:2 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
A Method for Generating Precise Temporal Patterns of Retinal Spiking Using Prosthetic Stimulation
Fried, S. I., Hsueh, H.-A., & Werblin, F. S. (2005) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00849.2005 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Current focusing and steering: Modeling, physiology, and psychophysics
Bonham, B. H., & Litvak, L. M. (2008) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/j.heares.2008.03.006 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Demonstration of artificial visual percepts generated through thalamic microstimulation
Pezaris, J. S., & Reid, R. C. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0608563104 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Retinal implants: a systematic review: Table 1
Chuang, A., Margo, C. E., & Greenberg, P. B. (2014) · British Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-303708 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Berenstein, C. K., Mens, L. H. M., Mulder, J. J. S., & Vanpoucke, F. J. (2008) · Ear and Hearing · doi:10.1097/aud.0b013e3181645336 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Auditory Prosthesis with a Penetrating Nerve Array
Middlebrooks, J. C., & Snyder, R. L. (2007) · Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology · doi:10.1007/s10162-007-0070-2 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Fujikado, T., Morimoto, T., Kanda, H., Kusaka, S., Nakauchi, K., Ozawa, M., Matsushita, K., Sakaguchi, H., Ikuno, Y., Kamei, M., et al. (2007) · Graefe s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology · doi:10.1007/s00417-007-0563-z · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Reduction of Electrical Interaction in Auditory Prostheses
Townshend, B., & White, R. L. (1987) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.1987.326102 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Tsai, D., Morley, J. W., Suaning, G. J., & Lovell, N. H. (2009) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00545.2009 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Update on Retinal Prosthetic Research: The Boston Retinal Implant Project
Rizzo, J. F. (2011) · Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology · doi:10.1097/wno.0b013e31821eb79e · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Spatially patterned electrical stimulation to enhance resolution of retinal prostheses
Jepson, L. H., Hottowy, P., Mathieson, K., Gunning, D. E., Dąbrowski, W., Litke, A. M., & Chichilnisky, E. J. (2014) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2882-13.2014 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Effects of electrode design and configuration on channel interactions
Stickney, G. S., Loizou, P. C., Mishra, L. N., Assmann, P. F., Shannon, R. V., & Opie, J. M. (2005) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/j.heares.2005.08.008 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Spatiotemporal Interactions in Retinal Prosthesis Subjects
Horsager, A., Greenberg, R. J., & Fine, I. (2010) · Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.09-3746 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Middlebrooks, J. C. (2004) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.1760795 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
The visual sensations produced by electrical stimulation of the medial occipital cortex.
Brindley, G. S., & Lewin, W. S. (1968) · PubMed · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Shivdasani, M. N., Luu, C. D., Cicione, R., Fallon, J. B., Allen, P. J., Leuenberger, J., Suaning, G. J., Lovell, N. H., Shepherd, R. K., & Williams, C. E. (2010) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2560/7/3/036008 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Menzel-Severing, J., Laube, T., Brockmann, C., Bornfeld, N., Mokwa, W., Mazinani, B. A. E., Walter, P., & Roessler, G. F. (2012) · Eye · doi:10.1038/eye.2012.35 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Cicione, R., Shivdasani, M. N., Fallon, J. B., Luu, C. D., Allen, P. J., Rathbone, G. D., Shepherd, R. K., & Williams, C. E. (2012) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2560/9/3/036009 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Cortical Responses to Cochlear Implant Stimulation: Channel Interactions
Bierer, J. A., & Middlebrooks, J. C. (2004) · Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology · doi:10.1007/s10162-003-3057-7 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Zhou, J., Woo, S. J., Park, S. I., Kim, E., Seo, J.-M., Chung, H., & Kim, S. J. (2008) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2008/547428 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Channel interactions with high-rate biphasic electrical stimulation in cochlear implant subjects
de Balthasar, C., Boëx, C., Cosendai, G., Valentini, G., Sigrist, A., & Pelizzone, M. (2003) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/s0378-5955(03)00174-6 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
High-Fidelity Reproduction of Spatiotemporal Visual Signals for Retinal Prosthesis
Jepson, L. H., Hottowy, P., Weiner, G., Dąbrowski, W., Litke, A. M., & Chichilnisky, E. J. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.04.044 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Villalobos, J., Nayagam, D. A. X., Allen, P. J., McKelvie, P., Luu, C. D., Ayton, L. N., Freemantle, A. L., McPhedran, M., Basa, M., McGowan, C. C., et al. (2013) · Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.12-10843 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Virtual electrodes by current steering in retinal prostheses
Dumm, G., Fallon, J. B., Williams, C. E., & Shivdasani, M. N. (2014) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.14-15391 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
C-Sight Visual Prostheses for the Blind
Chai, X., Li, L., Wu, K., Zhou, C., Cao, P., & Ren, Q. (2008) · IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine · doi:10.1109/memb.2008.923959 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationFrijns, J. H. M., Kalkman, R. K., Vanpoucke, F. J., Snel-Bongers, J., & Briaire, J. J. (2009) · Acta Oto-Laryngologica · doi:10.1080/00016480802610218 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Course of retinogeniculate projection fibers in the cat optic nerve
Naito, J. (1986) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902510308 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Temporal interactions during paired-electrode stimulation in two retinal prosthesis subjects
Horsager, A., Boynton, G. M., Greenberg, R. J., & Fine, I. (2011) · Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.10-5282 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Villalobos, J., Allen, P. J., McCombe, M. F., Ulaganathan, M., Zamir, E., Ng, D. C., Shepherd, R. K., & Williams, C. E. (2011) · Graefe s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology · doi:10.1007/s00417-011-1794-6 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Li, L., Cao, P., Sun, M., Chai, X., Wu, K., Xu, X., Li, X., & Ren, Q. (2008) · Graefe s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology · doi:10.1007/s00417-008-0977-2 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationWilms, M., Eger, M., Schanze, T., & ECKHORNdagger, R. (2003) · Visual Neuroscience · doi:10.1017/s0952523803205083 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Fang, X., Sakaguchi, H., Fujikado, T., Osanai, M., Ikuno, Y., Kamei, M., Ohji, M., Yagi, T., & Tano, Y. (2005) · Graefe s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology · doi:10.1007/s00417-005-0073-9 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Lu, Y., Yan, Y., Chai, X., Ren, Q., Chen, Y., & Li, L. (2013) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2560/10/3/036022 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationSun, J., Lu, Y., Cao, P., Li, X., Cai, C., Chai, X., Ren, Q., & Li, L. (2010) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.09-4024 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationStatus of the feline retina 5 years after subretinal implantation
Pardue, M. T., Ball, S. L., Phillips, M. J., Faulkner, A. E., Walker, T. A., Chow, A. Y., & Peachey, N. S. (2006) · The Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development · doi:10.1682/jrrd.2005.07.0118 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
A simulation of current focusing and steering with penetrating optic nerve electrodes
Li, M., Yan, Y., Wang, Q., Zhao, H., Chai, X., Sui, X., Ren, Q., & Li, L. (2013) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2560/10/6/066007 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationChowdhury, V., Morley, J. W., & Coroneo, M. T. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2004.10.004 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Visual cortex in the albino rabbit
Choudhury, B. P. (1987) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00270689 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Zimmerman, G. J., & Zebehazy, K. T. (2015) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203837306.ch20 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Yan, Y., Sui, X., Liu, W., Lu, Y., Cao, P., Ma, Z., Chen, Y., Chai, X., & Li, L. (2015) · Graefe s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology · doi:10.1007/s00417-015-3027-x · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Bioelectronics for electrical stimulation: materials, devices and biomedical applications
Huang, Y., Yao, K., Zhang, Q., Huang, X., Chen, Z., Zhou, Y., & Yu, X. (2024) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/d4cs00413b · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Ayton, L. N., Rizzo, J. F., Bailey, I. L., Colenbrander, A., Dagnelie, G., Geruschat, D. R., Hessburg, P. C., McCarthy, C. D., Petoe, M. A., Rubin, G. S., et al. (2020) · Translational Vision Science & Technology · doi:10.1167/tvst.9.8.25 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Spatially selective activation of the visual cortex via intraneural stimulation of the optic nerve
Gaillet, V., Cutrone, A., Artoni, F., Vagni, P., Mega Pratiwi, A., Romero, S. A., Lipucci Di Paola, D., Micera, S., & Ghezzi, D. (2019) · Nature Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1038/s41551-019-0446-8 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Advances in visual prostheses: engineering and biological challenges
Borda, E., & Ghezzi, D. (2022) · Progress in Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1088/2516-1091/ac812c · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Lyu, Q., Lu, Z., Li, H., Qiu, S., Guo, J., Sui, X., Sun, P., Li, L., Chai, X., & Lovell, N. H. (2019) · International Journal of Neural Systems · doi:10.1142/s0129065720500069 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationSpike-triggered average electrical stimuli as input filters for bionic vision—a perspective
Rathbun, D. L., Ghorbani, N., Shabani, H., Zrenner, E., & Hosseinzadeh, Z. (2018) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/aae493 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Intracortical current steering shifts the location of evoked neural activity
Meikle, S. J., Hagan, M. A., Price, N. S. C., & Wong, Y. T. (2022) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/ac77bf · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Song, X., Guo, T., Shivdasani, M. N., Dokos, S., Lovell, N. H., Li, X., Qiu, S., Li, T., Zheng, S., & Li, L. (2020) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/abc3a9 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationGaillet, V., Borda, E., Zollinger, E. G., & Ghezzi, D. (2021) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/abf523 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Pre‐processing visual scenes for retinal prosthesis systems: A comprehensive review
Holiel, H. A., Fawzi, S. A., & Al‐Atabany, W. (2024) · Artificial Organs · doi:10.1111/aor.14824 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Development and Experimental Basis for the Future of Prosthetic Vision
Allen, P. J., & Ayton, L. N. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-7644-7_33 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Liu, Q., Yang, W., Li, D., Wang, Z., Chen, W., Zhai, C., & Wei, W. (2024) · International Ophthalmology · doi:10.1007/s10792-024-03191-w · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Filling in the Visual Gaps: Shifting Cortical Activity using Current Steering
Meikle, S. J., Hagan, M. A., Price, N. S. C., & Wong, Y. T. (2021) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629693 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Simultaneous Repetitive Electrical Stimulation with Voltage Sensitive Dye
Oliveira, L. D. L., Suematsu, N., & Yagi, T. (2018) · IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS) · doi:10.1109/biocas.2018.8584719 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Guo, T., Chang, Y.-C., Li, L., Dokos, S., & Li, L. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.1116900 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationBipolar intracortical microstimulation expands the repertoire of neuronal activation patterns
Schelles, M., Verhaege, A., Rompaey, N. V., Goyvaerts, L., Wierda, K. D. B., Ceyssens, F., Kraft, M. D., & Bonin, V. (2026) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1101/2025.03.21.644593 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Selective activation of the visual cortex
Fried, S. I., & Shivdasani, M. N. (2020) · Nature Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1038/s41551-020-0519-8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A preliminary study on virtual electrode for subretinal prostheses by computational model
Wang, N., Song, X., Li, T., Guo, T., & Liming, L. (2019) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2019.8857730 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Current Advances in the Design of Retinal and Cortical Visual Prostheses
Bareket, L., Barriga‐Rivera, A., Rosenfeld, J. V., Lovell, N. H., & Suaning, G. J. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812539-7.00005-2
Motion perception with visual prostheses
Renshaw, K. T., & Pezaris, J. S. (2026) · Progress in Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1088/2516-1091/ae46fd
- Authors
- Yan, Y., Lu, Y., Li, M., Ma, Z., Cao, P., Chen, Y., Sun, X., Chai, X., Ren, Q., & Li, L.
- Affiliations
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Peking University (CN)
- Venue
- Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science
- Published
- 2016-11-18
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 6327
- ISSN
- 0146-0404 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-5783
- OpenAlex
- W2557847745
- Cited by
- 20
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 1.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
- Keywords
- current steering, electrically evoked potentials, visual cortex, spatial resolution, threshold current, finite element analysis, rabbit model
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Computer Simulation, Electric Stimulation, Electrodes, Implanted, Evoked Potentials, Visual, Feasibility Studies, Optic Nerve, Photic Stimulation, Rabbits, Visual Cortex
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
