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Cited by 49Neuroscience and Neural EngineeringTactile and Sensory InteractionsRetinal Development and Disorders

Temporal interactions during paired-electrode stimulation in two retinal prosthesis subjects

Open access
Horsager, Alan, Boynton, Geoffrey M., Greenberg, Robert J., Fine, Ione·2011·Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science
DOI 10.1167/iovs.10-5282PMC PMC3053297
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Abstract

PURPOSE: Since 2002, six blind patients have undergone implantation of an epiretinal 4 × 4 electrode array designed to directly stimulate the remaining cells of the retina after severe photoreceptor degeneration due to retinitis pigmentosa. This study was conducted to investigate how the brightness of percepts is affected by pulse timing across electrodes in two of these patients. METHODS: Subjects compared the perceived brightness of a standard stimulus (synchronous pulse trains presented across pairs of electrodes) to the perceived brightness of a test stimulus (pulse trains across the electrode pair phase shifted by 0.075, 0.375, 1.8, or 9 ms). The current amplitude necessary for each phase-shifted test stimulus to match the brightness of the standard was determined. RESULTS: Depending on the electrode pair, interactions between electrodes were either facilitatory (the perceived brightness produced by stimulating the pair of electrodes was greater than that produced by stimulating either electrode alone) or suppressive (the perceived brightness produced by stimulating the pair of electrodes was less than that produced by stimulating either electrode alone). The amount of interaction between electrodes decreased as a function of increased separation both in time (the phase-shift between pulse trains) and space (center-to-center distance between the electrode pair). CONCLUSIONS: For visual prostheses to represent visual scenes that are changing in both space and time requires the development of spatiotemporal models describing the effects of stimulation across multiple electrodes. During multielectrode stimulation, interactions between electrodes have a significant influence on subjective brightness that includes both facilitatory and suppressive effects, and these interactions can be described with a simple computational model. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00279500.).

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  • Elicited percepts are affected by other stimulating electrodes even after temporally staggering pulses to remove electric field interactions.

    “Horsager et al (2011) found that elicited percepts were affected by other stimulating electrodes (even after temporally staggering pulses to remove electric field interactions) and demonstrated a linear combination of threshold currents for simultaneous stimulation.”

    From Axonal stimulation affects the linear summation of single-point perception in three Argus II users (2024) · cites this paper as Horsager et al 2011

  • There is a linear combination of threshold currents for simultaneous stimulation.

    “Horsager et al (2011) found that elicited percepts were affected by other stimulating electrodes (even after temporally staggering pulses to remove electric field interactions) and demonstrated a linear combination of threshold currents for simultaneous stimulation.”

    From Axonal stimulation affects the linear summation of single-point perception in three Argus II users (2024) · cites this paper as Horsager et al 2011

  • When multiple electrodes are stimulated simultaneously, phosphenes tend to merge together in complex ways.

    “However, it is not typically that simple: when multiple electrodes are stimulated simultaneously, phosphenes tend to merge together in complex ways (Bosking et al. 2018; Rizzo et al. 2003; Horsager et al. 2011; Horsager, Greenberg, and Fine 2010; Wilke et al. 2011).”

    From Sequential epiretinal stimulation improves discrimination in simple shape discrimination tasks only (2022) · cites this paper as Horsager et al. 2011

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. [6]6. Jones BW, Watt CB, Marc RE. Retinal remodelling. Clin Exp Optom. 2005;88:282–291 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. [32]32. Zrenner E. Subretinal Implants for the Restitution of Vision in Blind Patients. Presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, May 6, 2007 [Google Scholar]
  3. [39]39. Watson AB. Temporal Sensitivity. In: Boff K, Kaufman L, Thomas J. eds. Handbook of Perception and Human Performance. New York: Wiley; 1986 [Google Scholar]

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Authors
Horsager, A., Boynton, G. M., Greenberg, R. J., & Fine, I.
Affiliations
  • University of Southern California (US)
  • University of Washington (US)
  • Second Sight Medical Products (US)
ORCID
Venue
Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science
Publisher
Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)
Published
2011-01-31
Volume
52
Issue
1
Pages
549
ISSN
  • 0146-0404 (ISSN-L)
  • 1552-5783
DOI
10.1167/iovs.10-5282
PMC
PMC3053297
OpenAlex
W2068635883
Cited by
48
References
53
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 2
FWCI
1.81
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Research to Prevent Blindness
  • Fletcher Jones Foundation
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Eye Institute (R01EY014645, EY012893, EY014645, P30EY001730)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinal Development and Disorders
Keywords
retinal prosthesis, temporal interactions, pulse timing, phase shift, brightness perception, electrode spacing, retinitis pigmentosa, spatio-temporal modeling, visual perception
MeSH terms
Electrodes, Implanted, Humans, Light, Microelectrodes, Middle Aged, Photic Stimulation, Retina, Retinitis Pigmentosa, Sensory Thresholds, Visual Perception, Prosthesis Implantation

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