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Glucose metabolism during leg exercise in man
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Arterial concentrations and net substrate exchange across the leg and splanchnic vascular bed were determined for glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and glycerol in healthy postabsorptive subjects at rest and during 40 min of exercise on a bicycle ergometer at work intensities of 400, 800, and 1200 kg-m/min. Rising arterial glucose levels and small decreases in plasma insulin concentrations were found during heavy exercise. Significant arterial-femoral venous differences for glucose were demonstrated both at rest and during exercise, their magnitude increasing with work intensity as well as duration of the exercise performed. Estimated glucose uptake by the leg increased 7-fold after 40 min of light exercise and 10- to 20-fold at moderate to heavy exercise. Blood glucose uptake could at this time account for 28-37% of total substrate oxidation by leg muscle and 75-89% of the estimated carbohydrate oxidation. Splanchnic glucose production increased progressively during exercise reaching levels 3 to 5-fold above resting values at the heavy work loads. Close agreement was observed between estimates of total glucose turnover during exercise based on leg glucose uptake and splanchnic glucose production. Hepatic gluconeogenesis-estimated from splanchnic removal of lactate, pyruvate, glycerol, and glycogenic amino acids-could supply a maximum of 25% of the resting hepatic glucose production but could account for only 6-11% of splanchnic glucose production after 40 min of moderate to heavy exercise. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT: (a) blood glucose becomes an increasingly important substrate for muscle oxidation during prolonged exercise of this type: (b) peripheral glucose utilization increases in exercise despite a reduction in circulating insulin levels: (c) increased hepatic output of glucose, primarily by means of augmented glycogenolysis, contributes to blood glucose homeostasis in exercise and provides an important source of substrate for exercising muscle.
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“In fact, an appreciable amount (15–30%) of the energy required for moderate exercise is obtained from blood glucose [101]”
From Regulation of Energy Substrate Metabolism in Endurance Exercise (2021) · cites this paper as [101]
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“Glucose output is almost entirely derived from liver glycogenolysis at the initial stages of prolonged moderate to high-intensity exercise secondary to glucagon and noradrenaline-mediated activation of hepatic glycogen phosphorylase [101,102].”
From Regulation of Energy Substrate Metabolism in Endurance Exercise (2021) · cites this paper as [101]
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“It should be noted that although the kidney is capable of producing glucose, its contribution to glucose output during exercise is negligible [101].”
From Regulation of Energy Substrate Metabolism in Endurance Exercise (2021) · cites this paper as [101]
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“In a human model, the blood concentration of glucose typically remains stable during acute exercise, with the liver releasing glucose for brain and skeletal muscle usage28.”
From Exerkines in health, resilience and disease (2022) · cites this paper as [28]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Wahren, J., Felig, P., Ahlborg, G., & Jorfeldt, L.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
- Published
- 1971-12-01
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2715-2725
- ISSN
- 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC292221
- OpenAlex
- W2011985622
- Cited by
- 598
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 21.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Keywords
- glucose metabolism, leg exercise, glucose uptake, hepatic gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, insulin, blood glucose, carbohydrate oxidation, lactate, pyruvate, glycerol, blood flow, exercise intensity, blood glucose homeostasis
- MeSH terms
- Abdomen, Adult, Blood Glucose, Physical Exertion, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Glucose, Glycerol, Heart Rate, Humans, Insulin, Lactates, Leg, Liver, Male, Methods, Muscles, Oxygen, Oxygen Consumption, Pyruvates, Regional Blood Flow, Rest, Time Factors
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