BAIBA does not regulate UCP-3 expression in human skeletal muscle as a response to aerobic exercise
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: β-Aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA) has shown to modulate uncoupling protein (UCP)-1 expression, which is mainly expressed in white adipose tissue; however, no studies to date have analyzed its potential effect on the main uncoupling protein of skeletal muscle, UCP-3. The main goal of this study was to assess the potential effect of acute aerobic exercise on serum BAIBA and skeletal muscle UCP-3. The secondary goal was to assess the potential involvement of the transcription factors proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), as well as free fatty acids (FFAs) in UCP-3 expression. A tertiary goal of the study was to evaluate the potential effect of consuming a preexercise meal on the outcome of the first 2 objectives. METHODS: ) after 2 experimental conditions: (1) consumption of a multi-macronutrient shake and (2) a fasting period of 8 hours. Blood samples were taken at baseline, preexercise, postexercise, 1 hour, and 4 hours postexercise, and muscle biopsies were taken at the last 4 time points. UCP-3 protein concentration and expression, as well as the mRNA expression of PGC-1α and PPARα, were measured in muscle, and BAIBA, glucose, and FFA were measured in serum. RESULTS: Aerobic exercise failed to induce a significant effect on serum BAIBA, PGC-1α, and PPARα regardless on the feeding condition. Despite the lack of effect of exercise on the previous variables, UCP-3 expression and protein concentration significantly increased in the shake condition. CONCLUSION: The expression of human skeletal muscle UCP-3 as a result of exercise might be controlled by factors other than BAIBA.
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A trend toward a negative correlation between BAIBA and BMI was shown, while another study reported no increase.
“A trend toward a negative correlation between BAIBA and BMI [104] was shown, while another study reported no increase [107].”
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“BAIBA Ow/Ob: ?↓ (trends only) [104,105] AE: ? ↑ [106]↔ [107] (Healthy) CE: ↑ [104] (Healthy) ↑: METRNL (via ↑PGC-1α)* [100,104] ↑: OCN by osteoblasts [108]; leptin by adipocytes [109] ↓: TNF-α and MCP-1 by adipocytes [110] AT/Immune: ↑browning (↑UCP1, PRDM16, CIDEA) [104]; ↓inflammation (via AMPK→ ↓NF-κB) and ↑insulin…”
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- Authors
- Morales, F. E., Forsse, J. S., Andre, T. L., McKinley-Barnard, S. K., Hwang, P. S., Anthony, I. G., Tinsley, G. M., Spillane, M., Grandjean, P. W., Ramirez, A., & Willoughby, D. S.
- Affiliations
- Baylor University (US)
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, Texas
- University of South Alabama (US)
- Texas Tech University (US)
- Tecnológico de Monterrey (MX)
- Corresponding author
- Willoughby, Darryn S.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2017-03-20
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 200-209
- ISSN
- 0731-5724 (ISSN-L)
- 1541-1087
- OpenAlex
- W2598580195
- Cited by
- 23
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 1.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Baylor University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- beta-aminoisobutyric acid, UCP3, skeletal muscle, aerobic exercise, PGC-1α, PPARα, free fatty acids, muscle biopsy
- MeSH terms
- Uncoupling Protein 3, Adolescent, Adult, Aminoisobutyric Acids, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Male, Transcription Factors, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Cross-Over Studies, Young Adult
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