Cited by 199Alcohol Consumption and Health EffectsDiet, Metabolism, and DiseaseDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

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Ethanol causes acute inhibition of carbohydrate, fat, and protein oxidation and insulin resistance.

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Shelmet, J J, Reichard, G A, Skutches, C L, Hoeldtke, R D, Owen, O E, Boden, G·1988·Journal of Clinical Investigation

DOI 10.1172/jci113428PMC PMC329642

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Abstract

To study the mechanism of the diabetogenic action of ethanol, ethanol (0.75 g/kg over 30 min) and then glucose (0.5 g/kg over 5 min) were infused intravenously into six normal males. During the 4-h study, 21.8 +/- 2.1 g of ethanol was metabolized and oxidized to CO2 and H2O. Ethanol decreased total body fat oxidation by 79% and protein oxidation by 39%, and almost completely abolished the 249% rise in carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation seen in controls after glucose infusion. Ethanol decreased the basal rate of glucose appearance (GRa) by 30% and the basal rate of glucose disappearance (GRd) by 38%, potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin release by 54%, and had no effect on glucose tolerance. In hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies, ethanol caused a 36% decrease in glucose disposal. We conclude that ethanol was a preferred fuel preventing fat, and to lesser degrees, CHO and protein, from being oxidized. It also caused acute insulin resistance which was compensated for by hypersecretion of insulin.

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Authors: Shelmet, J. J., Reichard, G. A., Skutches, C. L., Hoeldtke, R. D., Owen, O. E., & Boden, G.
Affiliations: Temple University Hospital (US)
Lankenau Medical Center (US)
ORCID: Reichard, G A
Venue: Journal of Clinical Investigation
Publisher: American Society for Clinical Investigation
Published: 1988-04-01
Volume: 81
Issue: 4
Pages: 1137-1145
ISSN: 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1172/jci113428
PMC: PMC329642
OpenAlex: W1987392704
Cited by: 199
References: 43
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 3.55
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Temple University
National Institutes of Health (AM-36192, 5t32am007162-09, 5r01am034548-03)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords: ethanol, insulin resistance, carbohydrate oxidation, fat oxidation, protein oxidation, glucose infusion, glucose appearance, glucose disappearance, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, alcohol metabolism, diabetogenic effect, glucose tolerance
MeSH terms: Acetates, Adult, Ethanol, Blood Glucose, Calorimetry, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Liver, Male, Oxidation-Reduction, Proteins, Receptor, Insulin, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Lipid Metabolism

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Ethanol causes acute inhibition of carbohydrate, fat, and protein oxidation and insulin resistance.

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