Cited by 312Alcohol Consumption and Health EffectsLiver Disease Diagnosis and TreatmentLiver physiology and pathology

Molecular Mechanisms of Alcoholic Fatty Liver

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Purohit, Vishnudutt, Gao, Bin, Song, Byoung‐Joon·2009·Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research

Abstract

Alcoholic fatty liver is a potentially pathologic condition which can progress to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis if alcohol consumption is continued. Alcohol exposure may induce fatty liver by increasing NADH/NAD+ratio, increasing sterol regulatory element‐binding protein‐1 (SREBP‐1) activity, decreasing peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐α (PPAR‐α) activity, and increasing complement C3 hepatic levels. Alcohol may increase SREBP‐1 activity by decreasing the activities of AMP‐activated protein kinase and sirtuin‐1. Tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) produced in response to alcohol exposure may cause fatty liver by up‐regulating SREBP‐1 activity, whereas betaine and pioglitazone may attenuate fatty liver by down‐regulating SREBP‐1 activity. PPAR‐α agonists have potentials to attenuate alcoholic fatty liver. Adiponectin and interleukin‐6 may attenuate alcoholic fatty liver by up‐regulating PPAR‐α and insulin signaling pathways while down‐regulating SREBP‐1 activity and suppressing TNF‐α production. Recent studies show that paracrine activation of hepatic cannabinoid receptor 1 by hepatic stellate cell‐derived endocannabinoids also contributes to the development of alcoholic fatty liver. Furthermore, oxidative modifications and inactivation of the enzymes involved in the mitochondrial and/or peroxisomal β‐oxidation of fatty acids could contribute to fat accumulation in the liver.

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Crossref · 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00827.x

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Authors
Purohit, V., Gao, B., & Song, B.
Affiliations
National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author
Purohit, Vishnudutt
Venue
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2009-01-22
Volume
33
Issue
2
Pages
191-205
ISSN
  • 0145-6008 (ISSN-L)
  • 1530-0277
OpenAlex
W2066238144
Cited by
312
References
214
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 28
FWCI
2.03
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (Z99‐AA999999, Z99 DA999999)
  • National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (Z01AA000036)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver physiology and pathology
Keywords
alcoholic fatty liver, steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, SREBP1, PPARα, NAD+/NADH ratio, AMPK, SIRT1, TNF-α, complement C3, betaine, pioglitazone, adiponectin, interleukin-6, insulin signaling, hepatic stellate cells, CB1 receptor, endocannabinoids, fatty acid beta-oxidation, oxidative modification, hepatic lipid accumulation
MeSH terms
Animals, Complement C3, Fatty Liver, Alcoholic, Humans, NAD, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, PPAR alpha, Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins

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