Cited by 175SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Researchvaccines and immunoinformatics approachesImmune responses and vaccinations

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SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce broad CD4+ T cell responses that recognize SARS-CoV-2 variants and HCoV-NL63

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Woldemeskel, Bezawit A., Garliss, Caroline C., Blankson, Joel N.·2021·Journal of Clinical Investigation

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Abstract

Recent studies have shown T cell cross-recognition of SARS-CoV-2 and common cold coronavirus spike proteins. However, the effect of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines on T cell responses to common cold coronaviruses (CCCs) remains unknown. In this study, we analyzed CD4+ T cell responses to spike peptides from SARS-CoV-2 and 3 CCCs (HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-OC43) before and after study participants received Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) or Moderna (mRNA-1273) mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines. Vaccine recipients showed broad T cell responses to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, and we identified 23 distinct targeted peptides in 9 participants, including 1 peptide that was targeted in 6 individuals. Only 4 of these 23 targeted peptides would potentially be affected by mutations in the UK (B.1.1.7) and South African (B.1.351) variants, and CD4+ T cells from vaccine recipients recognized the 2 variant spike proteins as effectively as they recognized the spike protein from the ancestral virus. Interestingly, we observed a 3-fold increase in the CD4+ T cell responses to HCoV-NL63 spike peptides after vaccination. Our results suggest that T cell responses elicited or enhanced by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines may be able to control SARS-CoV-2 variants and lead to cross-protection against some endemic coronaviruses.

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Authors: Woldemeskel, B. A., Garliss, C. C., & Blankson, J. N.
Corresponding author: Blankson, Joel N.
ORCID: Blankson, Joel N.
Venue: Journal of Clinical Investigation
Publisher: American Society for Clinical Investigation
Published: 2021-05-17
Volume: 131
Issue: 10
ISSN: 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
1558-8238
DOI: 10.1172/jci149335
PMC: PMC8121504
OpenAlex: W3141087105
Cited by: 175
References: 39
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 72 · 2021: 47
FWCI: 12.58
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: NIH (R01AI120024)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
Keywords: COVID-19 mRNA vaccine, BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, CD4+ T cell responses, common cold coronaviruses, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, SARS-CoV-2 variants, Alpha variant, Beta variant, cross-protection, vaccine-induced immunity
MeSH terms: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Vaccines, BNT162 Vaccine, Adult, Cross Reactions, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, RNA, Messenger, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Coronavirus 229E, Human, Coronavirus OC43, Human, Coronavirus NL63, Human, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus

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SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce broad CD4+ T cell responses that recognize SARS-CoV-2 variants and HCoV-NL63

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