Cited by 252Contact Dermatitis and AllergiesDermatology and Skin DiseasesEstrogen and related hormone effects

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Macrophages and neutrophils are the targets for immune suppression by glucocorticoids in contact allergy

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Tuckermann, Jan P., Kleiman, Anna, Moriggl, Richard, Spanbroek, Rainer, Neumann, Anita, Illing, Anett, Clausen, Björn E., Stride, Brenda, Förster, Irmgard, Habenicht, Andreas J.R., Reichardt, Holger M., Tronche, François, Schmid, Wolfgang, Schütz, Günther·2007·Journal of Clinical Investigation

DOI 10.1172/jci28034PMC PMC1849982

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Abstract

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used in the treatment of allergic skin conditions despite having numerous side effects. Here we use Cre/loxP-engineered tissue- and cell-specific and function-selective GC receptor (GR) mutant mice to identify responsive cell types and molecular mechanisms underlying the antiinflammatory activity of GCs in contact hypersensitivity (CHS). CHS was repressed by GCs only at the challenge phase, i.e., during reexposure to the hapten. Inactivation of the GR gene in keratinocytes or T cells of mutant mice did not attenuate the effects of GCs, but its ablation in macrophages and neutrophils abolished downregulation of the inflammatory response. Moreover, mice expressing a DNA binding-defective GR were also resistant to GC treatment. The persistent infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils in these mice is explained by an impaired repression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as IL-1beta, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10. In contrast TNF-alpha repression remained intact. Consequently, injection of recombinant proteins of these cytokines and chemokines partially reversed suppression of CHS by GCs. These studies provide evidence that in contact allergy, therapeutic action of corticosteroids is in macrophages and neutrophils and that dimerization GR is required.

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Background
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Background
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BackgroundMethod
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Background
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“Subsequently, the activated GR translocates into the nucleus and binds to specific DNA regions, inhibiting the transcription of pro-inflammatory genes [29,30].”
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Background
Topical corticosteroids inhibit allergic skin inflammation but are ineffective in impeding the formation and expansion of resident memory T cells
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Background
Glucocorticoid resistance of allogeneic T cells alters the gene expression profile in the inflamed small intestine of mice suffering from acute graft-versus-host disease
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“Deletion of the GR in myeloid cells (macrophages, monocytes, and granulocytes) was achieved by crossing the Lysozyme 2 Cre recombinase (LysMCre) knock-in mice that were crossed with mice carrying flanking loxP alleles (GRflox) [45].”
Background
Oxazolone-Induced Contact Hypersensitivity Reduces Lymphatic Drainage but Enhances the Induction of Adaptive Immunity
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Background
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Cellular Immunobiology and Molecular Mechanisms in Alloimmunity—Pathways of Immunosuppression
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“211 An important mechanism for the inhibition of allorecognition is that GC attenuates DC activity by inhibiting DC maturation.”
Background
Tissue expression of steroid hormone receptors is associated with differential immune responsiveness
Butts, C. L., Jones‐Hall, Y., Lim, J. K., Salter, C. E., Belyavskaya, E., & Sternberg, E. M. (2010) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2010.11.003 · Cited by 15
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Background
Hydrocortisone-induced anti-inflammatory effects in immature human enterocytes depend on the timing of exposure
Rautava, S., Walker, W. A., & Lu, L. (2016) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00457.2015 · Cited by 14
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Background
Highly selective organ distribution and cellular uptake of inorganic-organic hybrid nanoparticles customized for the targeted delivery of glucocorticoids
Kaiser, T. K., Khorenko, M., Moussavi, A., Engelke, M., Boretius, S., Feldmann, C., & Reichardt, H. M. (2020) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.01.010 · Cited by 14
Glucocorticoid Action
Chrousos, G. P. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-18907-1.00099-8 · Cited by 14
The myeloid mineralocorticoid receptor regulates dermal angiogenesis and inflammation in glucocorticoid‐induced impaired wound healing
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“view, both glucocorticoid and aldosterone could have effects on multiple types of immune cell including regulation of lymphocytes, dendritic cells, neutrophils (Elenkov, 2004; Hu et al., 2018; Jaisser & Farman, 2016; Tuckermann et al., 2007).”
Background
GR-independent down-modulation on GM-CSF bone marrow-derived dendritic cells by the selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator Compound A
Tabarrozzi, A. E. B., Andreone, L., Deckers, J., Castro, C. N., Gimeno, M. L., Ariolfo, L., Berguer, P. M., Antunica-Noguerol, M., Liberman, A. C., Vettorazzi, S., et al. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep36646 · Cited by 13
Topical administration of the pan-Src kinase inhibitors, dasatinib and LCB 03-0110, prevents allergic contact dermatitis in mice
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CX3CR1 Deficiency Attenuates DNFB-Induced Contact Hypersensitivity through Skewed Polarization towards M2 Phenotype in Macrophages
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“Moreover, glucocorticoids can ameliorate CHS in mice with T-cell-specific glucocorticoid receptor deficiency but fail to suppress CHS in macrophage-specific glucocorticoid-receptor-deficient mice [3].”
Background
Role of flavin-containing-monooxygenase-dependent neutrophil activation in thioacetamide-induced hepatic inflammation in rats
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Transrepression Function of the Glucocorticoid Receptor Regulates Eyelid Development and Keratinocyte Proliferation but Is Not Sufficient to Prevent Skin Chronic Inflammation
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HNF4A mitigates sepsis-associated lung injury by upregulating NCOA2/GR/STAB1 axis and promoting macrophage polarization towards M2 phenotype
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The preclinical efficacy, selectivity and pharmacologic profile of MK-5932, an insulin-sparing selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator
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Glucocorticoid Effects on Immune Responses
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Antihistamines Potentiate Dexamethasone Anti-Inflammatory Effects. Impact on Glucocorticoid Receptor-Mediated Expression of Inflammation-Related Genes
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Glucocorticoid Action
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The Gastrointestinal Helminth Heligmosomoides bakeri Suppresses Inflammation in a Model of Contact Hypersensitivity
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“Interestingly, it has been shown that the main cellular targets for glucocorticoids, the widely used anti-inflammatory treatment for allergic skin conditions, are macrophages and neutrophils (the cell types we found to be most impacted in infected mice), via binding of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) (87).”
Background
Characterization of testicular macrophage subpopulations in mice
Gayer, F. A., Reichardt, S. D., Bohnenberger, H., Engelke, M., & Reichardt, H. M. (2022) · Immunology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2022.02.003 · Cited by 11
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Background
Blockade of interleukin-6 receptor enhances the anti-arthritic effect of glucocorticoids without decreasing bone mineral density in mice with collagen-induced arthritis
Suzuki, M., Yoshida, H., Hashizume, M., Tanaka, K., & Matsumoto, Y. (2015) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/cei.12685 · Cited by 11
Unravelling how glucocorticoids work in rheumatoid arthritis
Hardy, R., & Cooper, M. S. (2018) · Nature Reviews Rheumatology · doi:10.1038/s41584-018-0079-4 · Cited by 11
Dietary coconut oil ameliorates skin contact hypersensitivity through mead acid production in mice
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“Activated naive T cells (Th0) can differentiate into Th1, Th2, or Th17 cells (Ueno et al., 2018).”
Background
Early use of dexamethasone increases Nr4a1 in Kupffer cells ameliorating acute liver failure in mice in a glucocorticoid receptor-dependent manner
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“Two separate PCRs were performed for GR, with one detecting GRwt and GRflox alleles (Primers 1 and 4 [11]) and one detecting GRcut allele alone (Primers 1 and 8 [11]).”
Method
Shoe dermatitis: A review of current concepts
Smith, R. G. (2008) · The Foot · doi:10.1016/j.foot.2007.12.001 · Cited by 8
Macrophages and fibroblasts underpin skin immune responses
Sugaya, M. (2021) · Exploration of Immunology · doi:10.37349/ei.2021.00015 · Cited by 9
“Inactivation of their receptor gene in keratinocytes or T cells did not attenuate the effects of glucocorticoids, whereas its ablation in macrophages and neutrophils lost the suppressive effect of glucocorticoids [23].”
Background
La aspergilosis pulmonar invasiva en la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica
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Inducible lymphoid clusters, iSALTs, in contact dermatitis: a new concept of acquired cutaneous immune responses
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“Furthermore, dermal macrophages are key modulators in CHS responses [5], however the detailed mechanisms by which macrophages are involved in the recognition of antigen in the skin have not yet been clarified.”
Background
Nuclear Receptors in Asthma: Empowering Classical Molecules Against a Contemporary Ailment
Tiwari, D., & Gupta, P. K. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.594433 · Cited by 8
In vivo reduction of skin inflammation using ferulic acid-loaded lipid vesicles derived from Brewer’s spent grain
Bucci, P., Martínez‐Navarrete, M., Martí-Quijal, F. J., Guillot, A. J., Barba, F. J., Ferrer, E., Cantero, D. A., Muñoz, R., & Melero, A. (2024) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124764 · Cited by 7
Unlocking the genetic code: a comprehensive Genome-Wide association study and gene set enrichment analysis of cell-mediated immunity in chickens
Kianpoor, S., Ehsani, A., Torshizi, R. V., Masoudi, A. A., & Bakhtiarizadeh, M. R. (2025) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-025-11538-5 · Cited by 7
“Approximately twenty-four hours after subsequent exposure to DNCB (often referred to as “challenges”), macrophages accumulate at the site of DNCB exposure [20], leading to dermatitis such as ear and skin swelling.”
Non-invasive bioluminescence imaging as a standardized assessment measure in mouse models of dermal inflammation
Hofmann, M. C. J., Schmidt, M., Arne, O., Geißlinger, G., Parnham, M. J., & de Bruin, N. M. W. J. (2018) · Journal of Dermatological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.04.013 · Cited by 7
Timing of Glucocorticoid Treatment Dictates Glucocorticoid Receptor Actions Modulating the NLRP3‐Inflammasome Activation in Macrophages
Díaz-Jiménez, D., Oakley, R. H., Hoffman, J. A., Bortner, C. D., Lih, F. B., Li, J., Williams, J. G., Scappini, E., Gerrish, K., Garantziotis, S., et al. (2026) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.202504083r · Cited by 6
T Cell Energy Metabolism Is a Target of Glucocorticoids in Mice, Healthy Humans, and MS Patients
Meyer-Heemsoth, L., Mitschke, K., Bier, J., Schütz, K., Villunger, A., Legler, T. J., Weber, M. S., Lühder, F., & Reichardt, H. M. (2023) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells12030450 · Cited by 8
“This can in part be explained by the fact that GCs act in various ways and on different target cells contingent upon the specific pathogenic condition, as revealed by analyzing genetically engineered mice with cell-type-specific or function-selective GR mutations [1,4,47,48].”
Background
Neural-Immune Interactions
Butts, C. L., & Sternberg, E. M. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-1893-5.00013-3 · Cited by 7
Estriol strongly inhibits DNCB-induced contact dermatitis: role of antigen-specific antibodies in pathogenesis
Zhang, E. Y., & Zhu, B. T. (2014) · Endocrine Connections · doi:10.1530/ec-14-0080 · Cited by 5
Intact Glucocorticoid Receptor Dimerization Is Deleterious in Trauma-Induced Impaired Fracture Healing
Hachemi, Y., Rapp, A. E., Lee, S., Dorn, A.-K., Krüger, B. T., Kaiser, K., Ignatius, A. A., & Tuckermann, J. P. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.628287 · Cited by 5
“In these GR mice, GCs failed to suppress inflammation during allergy (18), acute lung injury (19), and systemic inflammation (20, 21), revealing a critical role for GR dimerization in controlling inflammation by transactivation of gene expression.”
BackgroundMethod
A flow cytometric approach to study glucocorticoid receptor expression in immune cell subpopulations of genetically engineered mice
Reichardt, S. D., Lühder, F., Wiegers, G. J., & Reichardt, H. M. (2021) · Immunology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2021.03.010 · Cited by 5
The glucocorticoid receptor acts locally to protect dystrophic muscle and heart during disease
OLIVER, T. R., Nguyen, N., Tully, C., McCormack, N. M., Sun, C. M., Fiorillo, A. A., & Heier, C. R. (2024) · Disease Models & Mechanisms · doi:10.1242/dmm.050397 · Cited by 5
Biased Signaling and Conformational Dynamics in Nuclear Hormone Receptors
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Multiplex Fluorescent Bead-Based Immunoassay for the Detection of Cytokines, Chemokines, and Growth Factors
Preuss, J. M., Burret, U., & Vettorazzi, S. (2021) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-1186-9_15 · Cited by 5
Biomolecular basis of the role of chronic psychological stress hormone ‘‘glucocorticoid’’ in alteration of cellular immunity during cancer
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Effect of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus coagulans spores on induced allergic contact dermatitis in dogs
Khosravi, M., Avizeh, R., Zayerzadeh, A., Gharibi, D., & Jalali, M. H. R. (2024) · Veterinary Medicine and Science · doi:10.1002/vms3.1410 · Cited by 4
“The contact sensitivity caused byDNCBisfrequentlyutilizedinanimalstudies,particularlywithmice, to investigate the development of contact dermatitis (Tuckermann et al., 2007).”
Background

Authors: Tuckermann, J. P., Kleiman, A., Moriggl, R., Spanbroek, R., Neumann, A., Illing, A., Clausen, B. E., Stride, B., Förster, I., Habenicht, A. J. R., Reichardt, H. M., Tronche, F., Schmid, W., & Schütz, G.
Affiliations: German Cancer Research Center (DE)
Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (AT)
Friedrich Schiller University Jena (DE)
Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI) (DE)
Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (DE)
University of Göttingen (DE)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
Corresponding author: Tuckermann, Jan P.
Schütz, Günther
ORCID: Tuckermann, Jan P.
Kleiman, Anna
Moriggl, Richard
Clausen, Björn E.
Förster, Irmgard
Habenicht, Andreas J.R.
Reichardt, Holger M.
Tronche, François
Venue: Journal of Clinical Investigation
Publisher: American Society for Clinical Investigation
Published: 2007-05-01
Volume: 117
Issue: 5
Pages: 1381-1390
ISSN: 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1172/jci28034
PMC: PMC1849982
OpenAlex: W2060990402
Cited by: 252
References: 54
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 20
FWCI: 13.87
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Informationszentrum Lebenswissenschaften (ZB MED) (submittedVersion)
GRO (submittedVersion)
Funders: Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (69120, D-69120)
Landsteiner Foundation for Blood Transfusion Research
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB405, SFB 636, SFB 488)
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (01GS0477, 01GZ0310, KGCV1, 01GS0416)
Austrian Science Fund (SFB‐F28)
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (917.76.365)
Leibniz-Gemeinschaft
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Contact Dermatitis and Allergies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Estrogen and related hormone effects
Keywords: glucocorticoids, contact hypersensitivity, contact allergy, macrophages, neutrophils, glucocorticoid receptor, anti-inflammatory mechanism, chemokines, inflammatory cytokines, keratinocytes, T cells, skin inflammation
MeSH terms: Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Cells, Cultured, Dexamethasone, Immunosuppressive Agents, Macrophages, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Neutrophils, Receptors, Glucocorticoid, Drug Delivery Systems, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact, Mice

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Macrophages and neutrophils are the targets for immune suppression by glucocorticoids in contact allergy

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