Obesity accelerates T cell senescence in murine visceral adipose tissue
Open accessAbstract
Chronic inflammation in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) precipitates the development of cardiometabolic disorders. Although changes in T cell function associated with visceral obesity are thought to affect chronic VAT inflammation, the specific features of these changes remain elusive. Here, we have determined that a high-fat diet (HFD) caused a preferential increase and accumulation of CD44hiCD62LloCD4+ T cells that constitutively express PD-1 and CD153 in a B cell-dependent manner in VAT. These cells possessed characteristics of cellular senescence and showed a strong activation of Spp1 (encoding osteopontin [OPN]) in VAT. Upon T cell receptor stimulation, these T cells also produced large amounts of OPN in a PD-1-resistant manner in vitro. The features of CD153+PD-1+CD44hiCD4+ T cells were highly reminiscent of senescence-associated CD4+ T cells that normally increase with age. Adoptive transfer of CD153+PD-1+CD44hiCD4+ T cells from HFD-fed WT, but not Spp1-deficient, mice into the VAT of lean mice fed a normal diet recapitulated the essential features of VAT inflammation and insulin resistance. Our results demonstrate that a distinct CD153+PD-1+CD44hiCD4+ T cell population that accumulates in the VAT of HFD-fed obese mice causes VAT inflammation by producing large amounts of OPN. This finding suggests a link between visceral adiposity and immune aging.
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TNSF8+PDCD1+CD44hiCD4+ T cells accumulate in adipose tissue in obesity and show senescence features, including increased SPP1, CDKN2A and CDKN1A and decreased SATB1, DUSP10 and EEF1A1.
“TNSF8+PDCD1+CD44hiCD4+ (CD153+PDCD+CD44hiCD4+) T cells accumulate in adipose tissue in obesity and show senescence features, including increased expression of SPP1, CDKN2A and CDKN1A and decreased expression of SATB1, DUSP10 and EEF1A1128.”
From SenNet recommendations for detecting senescent cells in different tissues (2024) · cites this paper as [128]
The section on high-fat-diet-induced T-cell accumulation (page unavailable) reports that CD153+PD-1+CD44hiCD4+ cells accumulate in the visceral adipose tissue of obese mice and show senescence features. It reports increased Spp1, Cdkn1a and Cdkn2b—not the claimed CDKN2A—and decreased Satb1, Dusp10 and Eef1a1. The finding is specifically in mice and visceral adipose tissue. (LLM, conf=0.91)
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“As anticipated, the SA-T cells in VAT, in particular the PD-1 high CD153 + population, were defective in TCR-mediated proliferation but secreted remarkably abundant osteopontin along with other pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF α and IL-6 (35) (Fig.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationThe impact of senescence-associated T cells on immunosenescence and age-related disorders
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“These senescent CD4+-associated T cells appear to enhance the inflammatory environment in obese VAT by releasing large amounts of osteopontin (173).”
CD153/CD30 signaling promotes age-dependent tertiary lymphoid tissue expansion and kidney injury
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“Interestingly, SAT cells and ABCs are induced in the same pathological conditions such as autoimmune diseases (16, 23) and obesity (24, 25).”
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“However, more recent studies have found PD1+ ATTs in obese tissue have senescent characteristics with decreased classical effector cytokine response after stimulation (16).”
BackgroundAdipose PD-L1 Modulates PD-1/PD-L1 Checkpoint Blockade Immunotherapy Efficacy in Breast Cancer
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“Adipocytes were isolated following published protocols.(68) Briefly, fat tissue was digested for 40 min in DMEM/F12 (Stem Cell Technologies, Cat: # 36254) containing 10% Collagenase/Hyaluronidase solution (Stem”
MethodAn update on immune dysregulation in obesity‐related insulin resistance
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“shown that HFD in mice increases the numbers of senescent Th1 cell‐producing high levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokine osteopontin (OPN) within the AT.(158) OPN (also known as secreted phosphoprotein 1, SPP1) increases IFN‐γ secretion by CD4 and CD8 T cells and IL‐17 production by Th17 cells via TCR stimulation, activa…”
BackgroundOsteopontin in Cardiovascular Diseases
Shirakawa, K., & Sano, M. (2021) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom11071047 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
“adipose tissue of HFD-induced obese mice, causes adipose inflammation by producing large amounts of OPN [29].”
BackgroundSelf-citationEpigenetics and Immunometabolism in Diabetes and Aging
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“They promote chronic VAT inflammation and metabolic disorders by secreting large amounts of osteopontin (148).”
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“Notably, by activating key signaling pathways (such as the JAK-STAT system), chronic systemic inflammation may alter the activation threshold and/or the effector functions of CD4 T cells; thereby, such inflammation contributes to exhausted and dysregulated phenotypes, which, in turn, promote cancer, autoimmunity, and…”
Specific Biological Features of Adipose Tissue, and Their Impact on HIV Persistence
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“Plasma IgG levels were elevated in HFD mice with visceral fat obesity over those in mice that consumed a normal diet [25].”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationCD153/CD30 signaling promotes age-dependent tertiary lymphoid tissue expansion and kidney injury
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“Another study has also shown accumulation of senescent CD4+ T cells in VAT [90].”
Targeting Inflammatory Cytokines to Improve Type 2 Diabetes Control
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“Studies showed increased activation of CD4+CD44CD62L T cells in the visceral adipose tissue in obese mice [9] that express markers for cellular senescence (i.”
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“CD4 T cells represent the more abundant subtype in visceral AT and are further enriched in obesity (234, 238).”
BackgroundObesity induced T cell dysfunction and implications for cancer immunotherapy
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“The extent of T cell exhaustion or dysfunction could be dependent on the tissue examined as well, as recent work has identified a population of T cells in visceral adipose tissue displaying a senescent phenotype [74].”
BackgroundObesity and immune status in children
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“Beyond altered circulating T-cell subset and functional alterations, in DIO VAT the frequency of senescent T cells (CD153þ PD-1þ CD44hi CD4T, able to secrete osteopontin) is increased and those cells demonstrated poor IL-2 and IFN-g secretion [96].”
BackgroundThe effects of age and systemic metabolism on anti-tumor T cell responses
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“A study on mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) also demonstrated the accumulation and increase of senescence-associated immune cells in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) [23].”
BackgroundInfluentialLeukocyte Heterogeneity in Adipose Tissue, Including in Obesity
Weinstock, A., Silva, H. M., Moore, K. J., Schmidt, A. M., & Fisher, E. A. A. (2020) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.120.316203 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
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“In a seminal work, a distinct subset of senescent T cells (CD4 + CD44 hi CD62L lo PD-1 + CD153 + ) was found to accumulate in adipose tissues, aggravating local and systemic inflammatory responses 164 .”
Adipose tissue, immune aging, and cellular senescence
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The cGAS–STING pathway: more than fighting against viruses and cancer
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Senescent stromal cells: roles in the tumor microenvironment
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HIV Persistence in Adipose Tissue Reservoirs
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In vivo analysis of γH2AX+ cells in skeletal muscle from aged and obese humans
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“72 In satellite cells isolated from young (15-24) and old (72-80) humans, the rate of division, maximum number of divisions, p16 mRNA, and telomere length are not different.”
BackgroundThe role of immune dysfunction in obesity-associated cancer risk, progression, and metastasis
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Collagens Regulating Adipose Tissue Formation and Functions
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T Cells in Adipose Tissue in Aging
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“Compared to CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells show a greater increase in adipose tissue in obesity and in aging (31, 43, 106).”
BackgroundThe Dual Role of the Pervasive “Fattish” Tissue Remodeling With Age
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“In WAT, there are different types of immune cells that under stress conditions, such as obesity, impair their immune capacity increasing the pro-inflammatory behaviors in adipose tissue (89).”
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“large numbers in visceral fat tissues of mice fed a high-fat diet and cause visceral adiposity with increased insulin resistance (16).”
BackgroundSelf-citationInnate PD-L1 limits T cell–mediated adipose tissue inflammation and ameliorates diet-induced obesity
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“As previously reported (28, 33), adipose tissue CD4+ T cells and ILC2s expressed high amounts of PD-1 (Fig.”
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Rodríguez, C. P., González, M. C., Aguilar-Salinas, C. A., & Nájera-Medina, O. (2018) · Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders · doi:10.1089/met.2018.0005 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
The role of adipokines in systemic sclerosis: a missing link?
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“Numerous studies have also linked diabetes (and obesity) to dysregulation of the inflammatory response by upregulation of Th1 and Th2 cells and induced dysfunction of Th17 and Treg cells [108, 110-112].”
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“Previous reports showed that CD153 + PD1 + CD4 + T cells express a cellular senescence signature and secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, including OPN, 39 a known SASP factor 49 and profibrotic molecule upregulated by IL-6 trans-signaling 50 that regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition 51 and is expressed in vario…”
BackgroundAdipose tissue immune cells in obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases
Cinkajzlová, A., Mráz, M., & Haluzík, M. (2021) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-21-0159 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
The role of cellular senescence in aging through the prism of Koch-like criteria
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T-Cell Senescence in Human Metabolic Diseases
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“This was accompanied by an increase in the expression of several markers, including SA-β-Gal, phosphorylation of H2A histone family member X (H2AX) (γ-H2AX), as well as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (Cdkn1a)/Cdkn2b [59].”
BackgroundDistinct adipose progenitor cells emerging with age drive active adipogenesis
Wang, G., Li, G., Song, A., Zhao, Y., Yu, J., Wang, Y., Dai, W., Salas, M. C., Qin, H., Medrano, L. J., et al. (2025) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.adj0430 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
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Terminally Differentiated CD4+ T Cells Promote Myocardial Inflammaging
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“Despite presenting defective TCR-mediated proliferation, SA-T cell stimulation has been reported to result in abundant production of TNF, IL-6, and osteopontin (47).”
BackgroundRecent Advances in Aging and Immunosenescence: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies
Wang, S., Huo, T., Lu, M., Zhao, Y., Zhang, J., He, W., & Chen, H. (2025) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells14070499 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“Senescent T cells, which increase with age, are defined as CD4 + CD44 high CD62L low PD-1 + CD153 + cells and accumulate in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of obese individuals, directly correlating with the development of various diseases [99].”
The AI-Assisted Identification and Clinical Efficacy of Baricitinib in the Treatment of COVID-19
Richardson, P. J., Robinson, B. W. S., Smith, D. P., & Stebbing, J. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10060951 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“In rodent models, senescent T cells can induce diabetes and obesity, while their clearance moderates the disease [13,14].”
Background
- Authors
- Shirakawa, K., Yan, X., Shinmura, K., Endo, J., Kataoka, M., Katsumata, Y., Yamamoto, T., Anzai, A., Isobe, S., Yoshida, N., Itoh, H., Manabe, I., Sekai, M., Hamazaki, Y., Fukuda, K., Minato, N., & Sano, M.
- Affiliations
- Keio University (JP)
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
- Hyogo Medical University (JP)
- The University of Tokyo (JP)
- Kyoto University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Minato, Nagahiro
- Sano, Motoaki
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
- Published
- 2016-11-07
- Volume
- 126
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 4626-4639
- ISSN
- 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-8238
- PMC
- PMC5127667
- OpenAlex
- W2548313353
- Cited by
- 271
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 16
- FWCI
- 22.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Keio University
- Japan Foundation for Aging and Health
- National Institutes of Health
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (15H01160, 22590814, 24111008, 15H04825, 24111001, 15K19125)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Keywords
- visceral obesity, T cell senescence, visceral adipose tissue inflammation, osteopontin, PD-1, CD4+ T cells, high-fat diet, immunosenescence, insulin resistance, CD44, L-selectin, adoptive transfer
- MeSH terms
- Animals, B-Lymphocytes, Dietary Fats, Inflammation, Obesity, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Antigens, CD, Cellular Senescence, Mice, Knockout, Intra-Abdominal Fat, Mice, Osteopontin
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