The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The University of Washington Shallow Convection and Moist Turbulence Schemes and Their Impact on Climate Simulations with the Community Atmosphere Model
Open accessAbstract
This paper describes a new version of the University of Washington shallow cumulus parameterization. The new version includes improved treatments of lateral mixing rates into cumulus updrafts, the evaporation of precipitation and of the interaction of cumuli with the underlying subcloud layer, and a treatment of the convective inhibition-based mass-flux closure that is more numerically stable and is suitable for the long time steps of global climate models. The paper also documents its performance when combined with a new moist turbulence parameterization in simulations with version 3.5 of the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM3.5). A single-column simulation of nonprecipitating trade cumulus shows considerable improvements in vertical thermodynamic structure and less resolution sensitivity in the new schemes compared to CAM3.5. In global simulations, the new schemes, combined with an increase of vertical resolution from 26 to 30 levels, produce a significant (7%) reduction in overall climate bias, calculated from root-mean-squared error of the seasonal model climatology compared to a suite of global observations of various fields. Biases in almost all fields, particularly the shortwave cloud radiative forcing, are reduced. Geographical bias patterns in surface rainfall, liquid water path, and surface air temperature are only mildly affected by the model parameterization and vertical resolution changes.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Uppala, S. M., KÅllberg, P. W., Simmons, A. J., Andrae, U., Bechtold, V. D. C., Fiorino, M., Gibson, J. K., Haseler, J., Hernandez, A., Kelly, G. A., et al. (2005) · Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society · doi:10.1256/qj.04.176 · Cited by 6,804
Adler, R. F., Huffman, G. J., Chang, A. T. C., Ferraro, R. R., Xie, P., Janowiak, J. E., Rudolf, B., Schneider, U., Curtis, S., Bolvin, D. T., et al. (2003) · Journal of Hydrometeorology · doi:10.1175/1525-7541(2003)004<1147:tvgpcp>2.0.co;2 · Cited by 5,425
Kain, J. S., & Fritsch, J. M. (1990) · Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences · doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1990)047<2784:aodepm>2.0.co;2 · Cited by 2,065
Zhang, G. J., & McFarlane, N. A. (1995) · Atmosphere-Ocean · doi:10.1080/07055900.1995.9649539 · Cited by 1,878
The Seasonal Cycle of Low Stratiform Clouds
Klein, S. A., & Hartmann, D. L. (1993) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1993)006<1587:tscols>2.0.co;2 · Cited by 1,606
Performance metrics for climate models.
Gleckler, P. J., Taylor, K. E., & Doutriaux, C. (2008) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2007jd008972 · Cited by 1,328
Local Versus Nonlocal Boundary-Layer Diffusion in a Global Climate Model
Holtslag, A. A. M., & Boville, B. A. (1993) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1993)006<1825:lvnbld>2.0.co;2 · Cited by 1,109
Khairoutdinov, M. F., & Randall, D. A. (2003) · Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences · doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<0607:crmota>2.0.co;2 · Cited by 952
The Formulation and Atmospheric Simulation of the Community Atmosphere Model Version 3 (CAM3)
Collins, W. D., Rasch, P. J., Boville, B. A., Hack, J. J., McCaa, J. R., Williamson, D. L., Briegleb, B. P., Bitz, C. M., Lin, S.-J., & Zhang, M. (2006) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/jcli3760.1 · Cited by 922
The New GFDL Global Atmosphere and Land Model AM2–LM2: Evaluation with Prescribed SST Simulations
(2004) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/jcli-3223.1 · Cited by 854
A well‐calibrated ocean algorithm for special sensor microwave / imager
Wentz, F. J. (1997) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans · doi:10.1029/96jc01751 · Cited by 837
A New Boundary Layer Mixing Scheme. Part I: Scheme Description and Single-Column Model Tests
Lock, A. P., Brown, A. R., Bush, M. R., Martin, G. M., & Smith, R. N. B. (2000) · Monthly Weather Review · doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<3187:anblms>2.0.co;2 · Cited by 789
A New Moist Turbulence Parameterization in the Community Atmosphere Model
Bretherton, C. S., & Park, S. (2009) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/2008jcli2556.1 · Cited by 739
Self-citationA Large Eddy Simulation Intercomparison Study of Shallow Cumulus Convection
Siebesma, A. P., Bretherton, C. S., Brown, A., Chlond, A., Cuxart, J., Duynkerke, P. G., Jiang, H., Khairoutdinov, M., Lewellen, D., Moeng, C.-H., et al. (2003) · Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences · doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2003)60<1201:alesis>2.0.co;2 · Cited by 730
Self-citationThe Impact of Convection on ENSO: From a Delayed Oscillator to a Series of Events
Neale, R. B., Richter, J. H., & Jochum, M. (2008) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/2008jcli2244.1 · Cited by 621
Hack, J. J. (1994) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/93jd03478 · Cited by 613
A Comparison of the CCM3 Model Climate Using Diagnosed and Predicted Condensate Parameterizations
Rasch, P. J., & Kristjánsson, J. E. (1998) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<1587:acotcm>2.0.co;2 · Cited by 519
Smart Interpolation of Annually Averaged Air Temperature in the United States
Willmott, C. J., & Matsuura, K. (1995) · Journal of Applied Meteorology · doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1995)034<2577:sioaaa>2.0.co;2 · Cited by 404
Pincus, R., Barker, H. W., & Morcrette, J. (2003) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2002jd003322 · Cited by 399
Large‐eddy simulation of the diurnal cycle of shallow cumulus convection over land
Brown, A. R., Cederwall, R. T., Chlond, A., Duynkerke, P. G., Golaz, J. ‐., Khairoutdinov, M., Lewellen, D. C., Lock, A. P., MacVean, M. K., Moeng, C. ‐., et al. (2002) · Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society · doi:10.1256/003590002320373210 · Cited by 347
The Epic 2001 Stratocumulus Study
Bretherton, C. S., Uttal, T., Fairall, C. W., Yuter, S. E., Weller, R. A., Baumgardner, D., Comstock, K., Wood, R., & Raga, G. B. (2004) · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · doi:10.1175/bams-85-7-967 · Cited by 319
Self-citationRichter, J. H., & Rasch, P. J. (2008) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/2007jcli1789.1 · Cited by 304
Kuang, Z., & Bretherton, C. S. (2006) · Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences · doi:10.1175/jas3723.1 · Cited by 284
Self-citationWood, R., & Bretherton, C. S. (2004) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3576:bldead>2.0.co;2 · Cited by 263
Self-citationGregory, D., Kershaw, R., & Inness, P. M. (1997) · Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society · doi:10.1002/qj.49712354103 · Cited by 249
A Well Calibrated Ocean Algorithm for SSM/I
Wentz, F. J. (1999) · Cited by 236
Gettelman, A., Morrison, H., & Ghan, S. J. (2008) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/2008jcli2116.1 · Cited by 194
Extended Edited Synoptic Cloud Reports from Ships and Land Stations Over the Globe, 1952-1996
Hahn, C. J., & Warren, S. G. (1999) · doi:10.2172/12532 · Cited by 167
Determination and validation of average wind fields from ERS-1 scatterometer measurements
Bentamy, A., Quilfen, Y., Gohin, F., Grima, N., Lenaour, M., & Servain, J. (1996) · The Global Atmosphere and Ocean System · Cited by 92
Evaluation of Forecasted Southeast Pacific Stratocumulus in the NCAR, GFDL, and ECMWF Models
Hannay, C., Williamson, D. L., Hack, J. J., Kiehl, J. T., Olson, J. G., Klein, S. A., Bretherton, C. S., & Köhler, M. (2008) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/2008jcli2479.1 · Cited by 89
Self-citationMarine Low-Cloud Anomalies Associated with ENSO
Park, S., & Leovy, C. Β. (2004) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3448:mlaawe>2.0.co;2 · Cited by 73
Self-citation(2004) · doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<0864:anpfsc>2.0.co;2
Cited by
The Community Earth System Model: A Framework for Collaborative Research
Hurrell, J. W., Holland, M. M., Gent, P. R., Ghan, S., Kay, J. E., Kushner, P. J., Lamarque, J.-F., Large, W. G., Lawrence, D., Lindsay, K., et al. (2013) · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · doi:10.1175/bams-d-12-00121.1 · Cited by 2,686
Tatebe, H., Ogura, T., Nitta, T., Komuro, Y., Ogochi, K., Takemura, T., Sudo, K., Sekiguchi, M., Abe, M., Saito, F., et al. (2019) · Geoscientific Model Development · doi:10.5194/gmd-12-2727-2019 · Cited by 1,121
The Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model Version 6 (WACCM6)
Gettelman, A., Mills, M. J., Kinnison, D. E., Garcia, R. R., Smith, A. K., Marsh, D. R., Tilmes, S., Vitt, F., Bardeen, C. G., McInerny, J., et al. (2019) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2019jd030943 · Cited by 786
Zhao, M., Held, I. M., Lin, S.-J., & Vecchi, G. A. (2009) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/2009jcli3049.1 · Cited by 685
Liu, X., Ma, P.-L., Wang, H., Tilmes, S., Singh, B., Easter, R. C., Ghan, S. J., & Rasch, P. J. (2016) · Geoscientific Model Development · doi:10.5194/gmd-9-505-2016 · Cited by 671
Metadata
- Authors
- Park, S., & Bretherton, C. S.
- Venue
- Journal of Climate
- Publisher
- American Meteorological Society
- Published
- 2009-06-15
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 3449-3469
- ISSN
- 0894-8755 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-0442
- OpenAlex
- W2025051238
- Cited by
- 598
- References
- 32
- FWCI
- 4.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
