Naltrexone-induced alterations in human ethanol intoxication
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Outpatient clinical trials with an opioid antagonist, naltrexone, found that this agent reduces relapse drinking in abstinent alcoholics. It is unknown which aspects of intoxication may be affected by naltrexone. The authors investigated the effects of naltrexone on several subjective and objective measures of ethanol intoxication. METHOD: In a double-blind crossover study, 19 nonalcoholic drinkers received a regimen of naltrexone, 50 mg p.o., or placebo on two different occasions, each time followed by a standard, intoxicating dose of ethanol. Subjective and objective measures of intoxication including mood, physical sensations, performance changes, and ethanol pharmacokinetics were determined. As a control for naltrexone effects, 12 additional subjects received naltrexone or placebo followed by a non-intoxicating, "placebo" dose of ethanol. RESULTS: Naltrexone augmented certain sedative and discriminant effects of ethanol and reduced positive reinforcing effects without affecting psychomotor performance or ethanol pharmacokinetics. Naltrexone had minimal effects in subjects receiving placebo ethanol. CONCLUSIONS: The data are compatible with the clinical findings and suggest that the reduction in ethanol consumption by alcoholics following naltrexone administration may occur because of greater subjective intoxication, greater aversive effects, or less positive reinforcement from ethanol.
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Altering euphoric and pleasurable effects of alcohol is hypothesized to underlie in part the efficacy of opioid receptor antagonists, including naltrexone and nalmefene.
“The findings may have relevance to medication development, as altering euphoric and pleasurable effects of alcohol would be important targets for novel treatments and are hypothesized to underlie in part the efficacy of opioid receptor antagonists, including naltrexone and nalmefene(67–76).”
From A Prospective 5-Year Re-examination of Alcohol Response in Heavy Drinkers Progressing in Alcohol Use Disorder (2016) · cites this paper as [74]
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- Authors
- Swift, R. M., Whelihan, W. M., Kuznetsov, O., Buongiorno, G., & Hsuing, H.
- Affiliations
- Brown University (US)
- ORCID
- Robert M. Swift
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 1994-10-01
- Volume
- 151
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1463-1467
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W1555167676
- Cited by
- 254
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 12.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- naltrexone, ethanol intoxication, opioid antagonists, subjective intoxication, sedative effects, positive reinforcement, aversive effects, ethanol pharmacokinetics, psychomotor performance, alcohol relapse prevention
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Oral, Adult, Affect, Alcohol Drinking, Ethanol, Alcoholic Intoxication, Alcoholism, Ambulatory Care, Animals, Cognition, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Naltrexone, Placebos, Psychomotor Performance, Recurrence, Sensation
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