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The prevalence and distribution of major depression in a national community sample: the National Comorbidity Survey
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Major depression is a frequent and disabling psychiatric disorder in the United States. This report examines the prevalence and risk factor profile of both pure and comorbid major depression according to data from the National Comorbidity Survey. METHOD: To estimate the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity in the United States, a national sample of 8,098 persons 15-54 years of age from the 48 conterminous states was surveyed with a modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. RESULTS: From the survey data the prevalence of current (30-day) major depression was estimated to be 4.9%, with a relatively higher prevalence in females, young adults, and persons with less than a college education. The prevalence estimate for lifetime major depression was 17.1%, with a similar demographic distribution. Both 30-day and lifetime prevalence estimates were higher than estimates from the earlier Epidemiologic Catchment Area study. When pure major depression was compared with major depression co-occurring with other psychiatric disorders, the risk factor profiles exhibited clear differences. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest a greater burden of major depression in community-dwelling persons than has been estimated from previous community samples. The risk factor profile showed significant differences between persons with pure and combined major depression.
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“Of course, depression is common among women, and the ages at which women are most likely to have children are those at which women seem to have the highest rates of depression across the life-span [56,57].”
From Perinatal mental illness: Definition, description and aetiology (2014) · cites this paper as [56]
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“Studies in nationally representative, community, and outpatient primary care samples have generally noted higher rates of major depression among African-Americans and Hispanics compared with non-Hispanic Whites, which appeared to be mediated by differences in perception of chronic illness, economic resources, disabili…”
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Are Tryptophan and 5-Hydroxytryptophan Effective Treatments for Depression? A Meta-Analysis
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“9%) (11) than the present study using a shortened version of the CIDI.”
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Depression, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Mortality
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Overview of Descriptive Epidemiology of Mental Disorders
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Dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids and risk of depressive symptoms in adolescents
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“In addition, the study examined how the “at-risk” and the clinical groups differed from children who demonstrated no depressive symptoms on positive and negative affect, four aspects of self-concept, and peer ratings of popularity.”
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“Large epidemiologic surveys [47, 48] find that compared with nonHispanic whites, blacks have lower lifetime rates of”
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“Another feature of the NCS is that it reported prevalence estimates that were considerably higher than the earlier ECA estimates.(15) The NCS used a modification of the CIDI called the UM-CIDI.”
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Cognitive predictors of symptom return following depression treatment.
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Primary care psychiatry is not specialist psychiatry in general practice
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Metadata
- Authors
- Blazer, D. G., Kessler, R. C., McGonagle, K. A., & Swartz, M. S.
- Affiliations
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 1994-07-01
- Volume
- 151
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 979-986
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W2181560023
- Cited by
- 1,485
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 57 · 2013: 71 · 2012: 57
- FWCI
- 39.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH046376, NIMH MH-00507, MH 46376)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- major depressive disorder, prevalence, psychiatric comorbidity, risk factors, lifetime prevalence, community-dwelling adults, sex differences, young adults, educational attainment, National Comorbidity Survey
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Mental Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Educational Status, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, United States, Comorbidity, Prevalence
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