Cited by 1,485Mental Health Treatment and AccessTreatment of Major DepressionChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

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The prevalence and distribution of major depression in a national community sample: the National Comorbidity Survey

Dan German Blazer, Ronald C. Kessler, Katherine A. McGonagle, Marvin S. Swartz·1994·American Journal of Psychiatry

DOI 10.1176/ajp.151.7.979

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Major depression is a frequent and disabling psychiatric disorder in the United States. This report examines the prevalence and risk factor profile of both pure and comorbid major depression according to data from the National Comorbidity Survey. METHOD: To estimate the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity in the United States, a national sample of 8,098 persons 15-54 years of age from the 48 conterminous states was surveyed with a modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. RESULTS: From the survey data the prevalence of current (30-day) major depression was estimated to be 4.9%, with a relatively higher prevalence in females, young adults, and persons with less than a college education. The prevalence estimate for lifetime major depression was 17.1%, with a similar demographic distribution. Both 30-day and lifetime prevalence estimates were higher than estimates from the earlier Epidemiologic Catchment Area study. When pure major depression was compared with major depression co-occurring with other psychiatric disorders, the risk factor profiles exhibited clear differences. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest a greater burden of major depression in community-dwelling persons than has been estimated from previous community samples. The risk factor profile showed significant differences between persons with pure and combined major depression.

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Authors: Blazer, D. G., Kessler, R. C., McGonagle, K. A., & Swartz, M. S.
Affiliations: Duke Medical Center (US)
ORCID: Dan German Blazer
Ronald C. Kessler
Marvin S. Swartz
Venue: American Journal of Psychiatry
Publisher: American Psychiatric Association Publishing
Published: 1994-07-01
Volume: 151
Issue: 7
Pages: 979-986
ISSN: 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
1535-7228
DOI: 10.1176/ajp.151.7.979
OpenAlex: W2181560023
Cited by: 1,485
References: 24
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 57 · 2013: 71 · 2012: 57
FWCI: 39.36
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH046376, NIMH MH-00507, MH 46376)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords: major depressive disorder, prevalence, psychiatric comorbidity, risk factors, lifetime prevalence, community-dwelling adults, sex differences, young adults, educational attainment, National Comorbidity Survey
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Mental Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Educational Status, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, United States, Comorbidity, Prevalence

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The prevalence and distribution of major depression in a national community sample: the National Comorbidity Survey

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