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The prevalence and distribution of major depression in a national community sample: the National Comorbidity Survey
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Major depression is a frequent and disabling psychiatric disorder in the United States. This report examines the prevalence and risk factor profile of both pure and comorbid major depression according to data from the National Comorbidity Survey. METHOD: To estimate the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity in the United States, a national sample of 8,098 persons 15-54 years of age from the 48 conterminous states was surveyed with a modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. RESULTS: From the survey data the prevalence of current (30-day) major depression was estimated to be 4.9%, with a relatively higher prevalence in females, young adults, and persons with less than a college education. The prevalence estimate for lifetime major depression was 17.1%, with a similar demographic distribution. Both 30-day and lifetime prevalence estimates were higher than estimates from the earlier Epidemiologic Catchment Area study. When pure major depression was compared with major depression co-occurring with other psychiatric disorders, the risk factor profiles exhibited clear differences. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest a greater burden of major depression in community-dwelling persons than has been estimated from previous community samples. The risk factor profile showed significant differences between persons with pure and combined major depression.
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“Of course, depression is common among women, and the ages at which women are most likely to have children are those at which women seem to have the highest rates of depression across the life-span [56,57].”
From Perinatal mental illness: Definition, description and aetiology (2014) · cites this paper as [56]
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“For example, in the National Comorbidity Survey (NCS), the gender difference in major depression was found to be more pronounced in Black and Hispanic groups than in Whites (Blazer et al. 1994).”
BackgroundInfluentialDo Depression Symptoms Predict Early Hypertension Incidence in Young Adults in the CARDIA Study?
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“In the national probability sample (59), 15.”
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“Further, they were more likely to have neuroticism, a positive parental psychiatric history and a history of childhood trauma (Blazer et al. 1994; de Graaf et al. 2002).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Blazer, D. G., Kessler, R. C., McGonagle, K. A., & Swartz, M. S.
- Affiliations
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 1994-07-01
- Volume
- 151
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 979-986
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W2181560023
- Cited by
- 1,485
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 57 · 2013: 71 · 2012: 57
- FWCI
- 39.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH046376, NIMH MH-00507, MH 46376)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- major depressive disorder, prevalence, psychiatric comorbidity, risk factors, lifetime prevalence, community-dwelling adults, sex differences, young adults, educational attainment, National Comorbidity Survey
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Mental Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Educational Status, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, United States, Comorbidity, Prevalence
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