Factors Affecting the Diagnosis and Prediction of PTSD Symptomatology in Children and Adolescents
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: In a cohort that spanned all of childhood and suffered equivalent types of traumas, the authors examined diagnostic validity and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). For older children, parent-child agreement was investigated. METHOD: Sixty-two children ages 0-18 years who were hospitalized with injuries were assessed 2 months later for PTSD. Mothers were interviewed, and concurrent interviews were conducted with 24 adolescents. RESULTS: Children did not attain the DSM-IV threshold of three criterion C items until age 7. The 0-6-year-old group had significantly fewer criterion C symptoms (mean=0.43) than the 12-18-year-olds (mean=1.17). The impact of altering thresholds for criteria C and D was examined. Older children reported symptoms meeting criterion B significantly more often (79.2%) than parents (45.8%). Combined parent-child reports yielded significantly more symptoms and higher rates for criteria B, C, and D (almost a twofold increase) and for the overall diagnosis (37.5%) than parent report alone (4.2%). This 8.9-fold increase in diagnosis from combined reports suggests that the diagnostic rates for children who cannot make self-reports may greatly underestimate the true numbers. The interaction between pretrauma externalizing behavior and witnessing a threat to a caregiver had a significant effect on the total number of PTSD symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide additional support for lowering the requirement of three criterion C symptoms for preschool children and raise questions about the appropriateness of this threshold for prepubertal children. The validity of studies that do not assess symptoms with combined parent and child reports is limited.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In young children, traumas that threaten the caregiver are associated with more severe posttraumatic symptomatology.
“In young children, traumas that threaten the caregiver are associated with more severe posttraumatic symptomatology (Scheeringa and Zeanah, 1995;Scheeringa et al, 2006).”
From Deviations from the expectable environment in early childhood and emerging psychopathology (2015) · cites this paper as Scheeringa et al, 2006
Cites
Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults.
Brewin, C. R., Andrews, B., & Valentine, J. D. (2000) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.68.5.748 · Cited by 5,254 · see citing works
Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults
Brewin, C. R., Andrews, B., & Valentine, J. D. (2000) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.68.5.748 · Cited by 5,243 · see citing works
(1983) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,251 · see citing works
Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and symptoms in adults: a meta-analysis
Ozer, E. J., Best, S. R., Lipsey, T. L., & Weiss, D. S. (2003) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.1.52 · Cited by 3,322 · see citing works
Child's Conception of the World
Piaget, J. (2013) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315006215 · Cited by 2,702 · see citing works
Child witnesses to domestic violence: A meta-analytic review
Kitzmann, K. M., Gaylord, N. K., Holt, A. R., & Kenny, E. D. (2003) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.71.2.339 · Cited by 1,524 · see citing works
Perry, B. D., Pollard, R. A., Blakley, T. L., Baker, W. L., & Vigilante, D. (1995) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/1097-0355(199524)16:4 · Cited by 1,325 · see citing works
Self-citationA Meta-Analysis of the Published Research on the Effects of Child Sexual Abuse
Paolucci, E. O., Genuis, M. L., & Violato, C. (2001) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980109603677 · Cited by 1,144 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Meta-analytic reviews of child studies have been restricted to victims of sexual abuse (4) or domestic violence (5) and either did not support these risk factors (age and gender) or neglected to analyze them (ethnicity, prior trauma, and pretrauma psychopathology), but there have been multiple individual studies of ch…”
BackgroundMillisecond by Millisecond, Year by Year: Normative EEG Microstates and Developmental Stages
Koenig, T. W., Prichep, L. S., Lehmann, D., Valdes-Sosa, P. A., Bräker, E., Kleinlogel, H., Isenhart, R., & John, E. R. (2002) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2002.1070 · Cited by 797 · see citing works
Champion, H. R., Sacco, W. J., Carnazzo, A. J., Copes, W. S., & Fouty, W. J. (1981) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-198109000-00015 · Cited by 738 · see citing works
Ackerman, P. T., Newton, J. E. O., McPherson, W. B., Jones, J. G., & Dykman, R. A. (1998) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(98)00062-3 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
New Findings on Alternative Criteria for PTSD in Preschool Children
SCHEERINGA, M. S., ZEANAH, C. H., MYERS, L., & PUTNAM, F. W. (2003) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000046822.95464.14 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
Self-citationPosttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children: A Review of the Past 10 Years
Pfefferbaum, B. J. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0890-8567(09)66558-8 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Predicting Posttraumatic Stress After Hospitalization for Pediatric Injury
Daviss, W. B., MOONEY, D., Racusin, R. J., Ford, J. D., FLEISCHER, A., & McHugo, G. J. (2000) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200005000-00011 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Factors That Mediate Treatment Outcome of Sexually Abused Preschool Children
Cohen, J. A., & Mannarino, A. P. (1996) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199610000-00028 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Earls, F. J., Smith, E., Reich, W., & Jung, K. G. (1988) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-198801000-00014 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Toward Establishing Procedural, Criterion, and Discriminant Validity for PTSD in Early Childhood
Scheeringa, M. S., Peebles, C. D., COOK, C. A., & Zeanah, C. H. (2001) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200101000-00016 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Self-citationGender Differences in the Development of EEG Coherence in Normal Children
Hanlon, H. W., Thatcher, R. W., & Cline, M. J. (1999) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1207/s15326942dn1603_27 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Children's Responses to a Nuclear Waste Disaster: PTSD Symptoms and Outcome Prediction
Korol, M., Green, B. L., & Gleser, G. C. (1999) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199904000-00008 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSIS IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
Wilens, T. E., Biederman, J., Spencer, T. J., & Monuteaux, M. C. (2003) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200302000-00003 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
McDERMOTT, B. M., & Cvitanovich, A. (2000) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/j.1440-1614.2000.00753.x · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Post-traumatic stress disorder in pre-school aged children after a gas explosion
Ohmi, H., Kojima, S., Awai, Y., Kamata, S., Sasaki, K., Tanaka, Y., Mochizuki, Y., Hirooka, K., & Hata, A. (2002) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-002-1061-2 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Cognitive development from a neuropsychologic perspective
Pascualvaca, D. M., & Morote, G. (2000) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511470998.013 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
PIAGET, J. - The Child's Conception of the World
Isaacs, S. (1929) · Mind · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cohen, J. A. (2010) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2009.12.020 · Cited by 520 · see citing works
Neuropsychological findings in childhood neglect and their relationships to pediatric PTSD
Bellis, M. D. D., Hooper, S. R., Spratt, E. G., & Woolley, D. P. (2009) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617709990464 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
PTSD in children and adolescents: toward an empirically based algorithma
Scheeringa, M. S., Zeanah, C. H., & Cohen, J. A. (2011) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20736 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Self-citationEfficacy of EMDR in children: A meta-analysis
Rodenburg, R., Benjamin, A., de Roos, C., Meijer, A. M., & Stams, G. J. J. M. (2009) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.06.008 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Deviations from the expectable environment in early childhood and emerging psychopathology
Humphreys, K. L., & Zeanah, C. H. (2015) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2014.165 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Self-citationBriggs‐Gowan, M. J., Carter, A. S., Clark, R., Augustyn, M., McCarthy, K. J., & Ford, J. D. (2010) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02256.x · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Understanding resilience: New approaches for preventing and treating PTSD
Horn, S. R. G.-V., Charney, D. S., & Feder, A. (2016) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.07.002 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Meiser‐Stedman, R., Smith, P. A., Glucksman, E., Yule, W., & Dalgleish, T. (2008) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07081282 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Trauma in Early Childhood: A Neglected Population
Young, A. D., Kenardy, J. A., & Cobham, V. E. (2011) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-011-0094-3 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Pynoos, R. S., Steinberg, A. M., Layne, C. M., Briggs, E. C., Ostrowski, S. A., & Fairbank, J. A. (2009) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.20450 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Trauma in early childhood: Empirical evidence and clinical implications
Lieberman, A. F., Chu, A. T., Horn, P. V., & Harris, W. W. (2011) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579411000137 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Gleason, M. M., Fox, N. A., Drury, S., Smyke, A., Egger, H. L., Nelson, C. A., Gregas, M. C., & Zeanah, C. H. (2011) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2010.12.012 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Self-citationGutermann, J., Schreiber, F., Matulis, S., Schwartzkopff, L., Deppe, J., & Steil, R. (2016) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-016-0202-5 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Building child trauma theory from longitudinal studies: A meta-analysis
Alisic, E., Jongmans, M. J., van Wesel, F., & Kleber, R. J. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.03.001 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Prevalence, comorbidity and course of trauma reactions in young burn‐injured children
Young, A. D., Kenardy, J. A., Cobham, V. E., & Kimble, R. M. (2011) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02431.x · Cited by 177 · see citing works
The role of parenting behaviors in childhood post-traumatic stress disorder: A meta-analytic review
Williamson, V., Creswell, C., Fearon, P. R. M., Hiller, R. M., Walker, J., & Halligan, S. L. (2017) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2017.01.005 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Maltreated Youth: A Review of Contemporary Research and Thought
Kearney, C. A., Wechsler, A., Kaur, H., & Lemos-Miller, A. (2010) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-009-0061-4 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
PTSD Symptoms in Young Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence
Levendosky, A. A., Bogat, G. A., & Martinez-Torteya, C. (2013) · Violence Against Women · doi:10.1177/1077801213476458 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Looking Beyond Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children
Alisic, E., van der Schoot, T. A. W., van Ginkle, J. R., & Kleber, R. J. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v69n0913 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Post-traumatic stress disorder diagnosis in children: challenges and promises
Cohen, J. A., & Scheeringa, M. S. (2009) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2009.11.1/jacohen · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Self-citationPosttraumatic Stress Disorder in individuals with diagnosis of Autistic Spectrum Disorders
Mehtar, M., & Mukaddes, N. M. (2010) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2010.06.020 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Young, A. D., Hendrikz, J. K., Kenardy, J. A., Cobham, V. E., & Kimble, R. M. (2014) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2013.0066 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
The Voices of Children: Stories About Hospitalization
Wilson, M. E., Megel, M. E., Enenbach, L., & Carlson, K. L. (2009) · Journal of Pediatric Health Care · doi:10.1016/j.pedhc.2009.02.008 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Stressful life experiences and mental health problems among unaccompanied asylum-seeking children
Jensen, T. K., Fjermestad, K. W., Granly, L., & Wilhelmsen, N. H. (2013) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1359104513499356 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Clinical Implications of Traumatic Stress from Birth to Age Five
Chu, A. T., & Lieberman, A. F. (2010) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131204 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
The Child PTSD Symptom Scale: An update and replication of its psychometric properties.
Nixon, R. D. V., Meiser‐Stedman, R., Dalgleish, T., Yule, W., Clark, D. M., Perrin, S. G., & Smith, P. A. (2013) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0033324 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Practitioner Review: Mental health problems of refugee children and adolescents and their management
Hodes, M., & Vostanis, P. (2018) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13002 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Growth in the Shadow of War: The Case of Social Workers and Nurses Working in a Shared War Reality
Lev‐Wiesel, R., Goldblatt, H., Eisikovits, Z. C., & Admi, H. (2008) · The British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcn021 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Terranova, A. M., Boxer, P., & Morris, A. S. (2009) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2008.12.017 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Meiser‐Stedman, R., Smith, P. A., McKinnon, A., Dixon, C., Trickey, D., Ehlers, A., Clark, D. M., Boyle, A. A., Watson, P., Goodyer, I. M., et al. (2016) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12673 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Woolgar, F., Garfield, H., Dalgleish, T., & Meiser‐Stedman, R. (2021) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2021.05.026 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders
Walsh, K., Wells, J. B., Lurie, B., & Koenen, K. C. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-13060-6_6 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
PTSD in Children Below the Age of 6 Years
Young, A. D., & Landolt, M. A. (2018) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-018-0966-z · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Impact of Traumatic Life Events in a Community Sample of Toddlers
Mongillo, E. A., Briggs‐Gowan, M. J., Ford, J. D., & Carter, A. S. (2008) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-008-9283-z · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Propranolol does not reduce risk for acute stress disorder in pediatric burn trauma
Sharp, S., Thomas, C., Rosenberg, L., Rosenberg, M., & Meyer, W. (2010) · Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection & Critical Care · doi:10.1097/ta.0b013e3181a8b326 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Brocque, R. M. L., Young, A. D., Montague, G., Pocock, S., March, S., Triggell, N., Rabaa, C., & Kenardy, J. A. (2016) · Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools · doi:10.1017/jgc.2016.17 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Scheeringa, M. S., & Weems, C. F. (2014) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2013.0106 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationLangeland, W., & Olff, M. (2007) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.07.002 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Contractor, A. A., Layne, C. M., Steinberg, A. M., Ostrowski, S. A., Ford, J. D., & Elhai, J. D. (2013) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.09.012 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Enlow, M. B., Blood, E., & Egeland, B. R. (2013) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.21866 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Nixon, R. D. V., Nehmy, T. J., Ellis, A. A., Ball, S.-A., Menne, A., & McKinnon, A. (2010) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.05.002 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Ellis, A. A., Nixon, R. D. V., & Williamson, P. (2009) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466508x401894 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Guilt and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Child Victims of Interpersonal Violence
Kletter, H., Weems, C. F., & Carrión, V. G. (2008) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1359104508100137 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
The Role of Anxiety Control and Treatment Implications of Informant Agreement on Child PTSD Symptoms
Humphreys, K. L., Weems, C. F., & Scheeringa, M. S. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2015.1094739 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationDiagnosis of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Preschool Children
Young, A. D., Kenardy, J. A., & Cobham, V. E. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2011.563474 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
X. CONCLUSIONS: OVERVIEW OF FINDINGS FROM THE ERA STUDY, INFERENCES, AND RESEARCH IMPLICATIONS
Rutter, M. L., & Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S. (2010) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5834.2010.00557.x · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Meiser‐Stedman, R., McKinnon, A., Dixon, C., Boyle, A. A., Smith, P. A., & Dalgleish, T. (2017) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22602 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Danzi, B. A., & Greca, A. M. L. (2016) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12631 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Event Trauma in Early Childhood: Symptoms, Assessment, Intervention
Coates, S. W., & Gaensbauer, T. J. (2009) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2009.03.005 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Covell, N. H., Allen, G., Essock, S. M., Pease, E. A., Felton, C. J., Lanzara, C. B., & Donahue, S. A. (2006) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.2006.57.9.1277 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Topical Review: Medical Trauma During Early Childhood
Young, A. D., Paterson, R., Brown, E. A., Egberts, M. R., Brocque, R. M. L., Kenardy, J. A., Landolt, M. A., Marsac, M. L., Alisic, E., & Haag, A. (2021) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsab045 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Scheeringa, M. S. (2011) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1080/19361521.2011.597079 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationStress‐related mental disorders in childhood cancer survivors
Schrag, N. M., McKeown, R. E., Jackson, K. L., Cuffe, S. P., & Neuberg, R. W. (2007) · Pediatric Blood & Cancer · doi:10.1002/pbc.21285 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Predicting Posttraumatic Stress Following Pediatric Injury: A Systematic Review
Brosbe, M. S., Hoefling, K., & Faust, J. (2011) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsq115 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Boelen, P. A., & Spuij, M. (2013) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-013-9748-6 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Gutermann, J., Schwartzkopff, L., & Steil, R. (2017) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-017-0242-5 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Memarzia, J., Walker, J., & Meiser‐Stedman, R. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.016 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Mental health symptoms in youth affected by Hurricane Katrina.
Roberts, Y. H., Mitchell, M. J., Witman, M., & Taffaro, C. (2010) · Professional Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/a0018339 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Focus on Childhood and Adolescent Mental Health
DelBello, M. P. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v67n0101 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Graham‐Bermann, S. A., Howell, K. H., Habarth, J. M., Krishnan, S., Loree, A. M., & Bermann, E. (2008) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/a0013977 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Sprung, M. S. (2010) · Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1111/j.1475-3588.2010.00568.x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Post traumatic stress disorder
Yule, W., & Smith, P. A. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118381953.ch59 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Relational trauma in the context of intimate partner violence
Lannert, B. K., Garcia, A. M., Smagur, K. E., Yalch, M. M., Levendosky, A. A., Bogat, G. A., & Lonstein, J. S. (2014) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.10.002 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Loeb, J., Stettler, E. M., Gavila, T., Stein, A., & Chinitz, S. (2011) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.20658 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Intrusive thoughts and young children’s knowledge about thinking following a natural disaster
Sprung, M. S., & Harris, P. L. (2010) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02273.x · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Kenardy, J. A., Brocque, R. M. L., Hendrikz, J. K., Iselin, G., Anderson, V. A., & McKinlay, L. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2012.632348 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Sachser, C., & Goldbeck, L. (2016) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22080 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Young Children 3 Years Posttrauma
Meiser‐Stedman, R., Smith, P. A., Yule, W., Glucksman, E., & Dalgleish, T. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.15m10002 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Sprung, M. S. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374410802148236 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Traumatic Stress among School-Aged Pediatric Surgery Patients and Their Parents
Ben-Ari, A., Margalit, D., Udassin, R., & Benarroch, F. (2018) · European Journal of Pediatric Surgery · doi:10.1055/s-0038-1660449 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Measuring self-reported polyvictimization in foster youth research: A systematic review
Loomis, A. M., Feely, M., & Kennedy, S. C. (2020) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104588 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Negative Trauma Appraisals and PTSD Symptoms in Sri Lankan Adolescents
Ponnamperuma, T., & Nicolson, N. A. (2015) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-015-9985-y · Cited by 34 · see citing works
PTSD Perpetuates Pain in Children With Traumatic Brain Injury
Brown, E. A., Kenardy, J. A., & Dow, B. L. (2014) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsu014 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Early Treatment Response in Children and Adolescents Receiving CBT for Trauma
Wamser‐Nanney, R. A., Scheeringa, M. S., & Weems, C. F. (2014) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsu096 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationChildren exposed to a natural disaster: psychological consequences eight years after 2004 tsunami
Adebäck, P., Schulman, A., & Nilsson, D. K. (2017) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039488.2017.1382569 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Kiser, L. J., Medoff, D. R., & Black, M. M. (2010) · Traumatology An International Journal · doi:10.1177/1534765609358466 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Outcomes of Traumatic Exposure
Stoddard, F. J. (2014) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2014.01.004 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Gigengack, M. R., van Meijel, E. P. M., Alisic, E., & Lindauer, R. (2015) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-015-0046-7 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders
(2022) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.x07_trauma_and_stressor_related_disorders · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Alisic, E., & Kleber, R. J. (2010) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1080/19361521.2010.500979 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Posttraumatic stress in infants and preschoolers with cancer
Graf, A., Bergsträßer, E., & Landolt, M. A. (2012) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.3164 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Simons, M., & Herpertz‐Dahlmann, B. (2008) · Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1422-4917.36.3.151 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Rodenburg, R., Benjamin, A., Meijer, A. M., & Jongeneel, R. (2009) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2009.07.015 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Kenardy, J. A., Cobham, V. E., Nixon, R. D. V., McDERMOTT, B. M., & March, S. (2010) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-10-92 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the Pediatric Trauma Patient
Makley, A. T., & Falcone, R. A. (2010) · Seminars in Pediatric Surgery · doi:10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2010.06.006 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Diagnosis in Young Children With Burns
Stoddard, F. J., Sorrentino, E. A., Drake, J. E., Murphy, J. M., Kim, A. J., Romo, S., Kagan, J., Snidman, N. C., Saxe, G., & Sheridan, R. L. (2016) · Journal of Burn Care & Research · doi:10.1097/bcr.0000000000000386 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Habigzang, L. F., Borges, J. L., Dell'Aglio, D. D., & Koller, S. H. (2010) · Psicologia Clínica · doi:10.1590/s0103-56652010000200003 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Posttraumatic stress disorder and substance use disorder in adolescent bipolar disorder
Steinbuchel, P. H., Wilens, T. E., Adamson, J., & Sgambati, S. (2009) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2008.00652.x · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Miller‐Graff, L. E., & Campion, K. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22238 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Hoppen, T. H., & Nexhmedin Morina, B. (2020) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101855 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Mehta, S., & Ameratunga, S. N. (2011) · Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1754.2011.02076.x · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Symptom Variation on the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children: A Within‐Scale Meta‐Analytic Review
Martinez, W., Polo, A. J., & Zelic, K. J. (2014) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.21967 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Scheeringa, M. S. (2019) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0000000000000639 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationPTSD symptom cluster profiles of youth who have experienced sexual or physical abuse
Runyon, M. K., Deblinger, E., & Steer, R. A. (2013) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.08.015 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Traumafolgestörungen bei Pflegekindern nach Misshandlung und Vernachlässigung
Oswald, S. H., Fegert, J. M., & Goldbeck, L. (2010) · Verhaltenstherapie · doi:10.1159/000274622 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Ainamani, H., Weierstall‐Pust, R., Bahati, R., Otwine, A. T., Tumwesigire, S., & Rukundo, G. Z. (2022) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2021.2007730 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Stover, C. S., Ippen, C. G., Liang, L.-J. F., Briggs, E. C., & Berkowitz, S. J. (2017) · Psychology of Violence · doi:10.1037/vio0000131 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Dow, B. L., Kenardy, J. A., Brocque, R. M. L., & Long, D. A. (2013) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2013.0044 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Rosner, R. (2008) · Kindheit und Entwicklung · doi:10.1026/0942-5403.17.4.210 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Redican, E., Sachser, C., Pfeiffer, E., Martsenkovskyi, D., Hyland, P., Karatzias, T., & Shevlin, M. E. (2023) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0001570 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
- Authors
- Scheeringa, M. S., Wright, M. J., Hunt, J. P., & Zeanah, C. H.
- Affiliations
- Tulane University (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2006-04
- Volume
- 163
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 644-651
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W2160418655
- Cited by
- 262
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 16.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K08 MH 01706, K08MH001706)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, children, adolescents, diagnostic validity, parent-child agreement, trauma exposure, symptom prediction, DSM-IV diagnostic criteria
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Age Factors, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Health Status, Hospitalization, Humans, Life Change Events, Parents, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Research Design, Risk Factors, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Stress, Psychological, Wounds and Injuries, Reproducibility of Results, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Caregivers, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
