Characteristics of depressed preschoolers with and without anhedonia: evidence for a melancholic depressive subtype in young children
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated whether a melancholic subtype similar to that established in depressed adults can be identified in depressed preschool children. METHOD: A final group total of 156 preschool children between the ages of 3.0 and 5.6 years and their caregivers underwent a comprehensive psychiatric assessment that included a structured psychiatric interview modified for young children. The clinical characteristics of four study groups (N=156) were compared: depressed preschoolers with anhedonia, depressed preschoolers without anhedonia ("hedonic"), a psychiatric comparison group with DSM-IV attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and/or oppositional defiant disorder, and a healthy comparison group. RESULTS: Fifty-four depressed preschoolers were identified, and 57% of this depressed group was anhedonic, a symptom deemed to be highly developmentally and clinically significant when arising in the preschool period. The anhedonic depressed subgroup identified was characterized by greater depression severity, alterations in stress cortisol reactivity, increased family history of major depressive disorder, and increased frequency of psychomotor retardation as well as other melancholic symptoms, such as a lack of brightening in response to joyful events. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical characteristics of this depressed subgroup are consistent with those described in melancholic depressed adults and suggest that a melancholic depressed subtype can be manifest in children as young as age 3.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Luby et al. (2004) found reduced percentage change in cortisol response to a laboratory stressor in young depressed children compared with healthy controls.
“Luby et al. (2004) also compared cortisol responses to a laboratory stressor in young children and found reduced percentage change in the MDD group when compared to healthy controls.”
From Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis dysregulation in depressed children and adolescents: A meta-analysis (2009) · cites this paper as Luby et al. (2004)
Cites
The expression of the emotions in man and animals.
Darwin, C. D. (1872) · J. Murray eBooks · doi:10.1037/10001-000 · Cited by 12,120 · see citing works
Everitt, B. J., Landau, S., & Leese, M. (1974) · Cited by 9,186 · see citing works
Harman, H. H. (1960) · Cited by 5,148 · see citing works
The Concepts of Stress and Stress System Disorders: Overview of Physical and Behavioral Homeostasis
Chrousos, G. P. (1992) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1992.03480090092034 · Cited by 2,689 · see citing works
The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals
Darwin, C. D. (2013) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139833813 · Cited by 1,351 · see citing works
Neuroendocrine Regulation in Depression
Carroll, B. J. (1976) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1976.01770090041003 · Cited by 638 · see citing works
The Clinical Picture of Major Depression in Children and Adolescents
Ryan, N. D. (1987) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800220016003 · Cited by 618 · see citing works
Klein, D. F. (1974) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1974.01760160005001 · Cited by 601 · see citing works
The symptoms of major depressive illness
Nelson, J. C., & Charney, D. S. (1981) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.138.1.1 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Classifying Depression: Should Paradigms Lost Be Regained?
Parker, G. B. (2000) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.8.1195 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Life Events and Endogenous Depression: A Puzzle Reexamined
Brown, G. W. (1994) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950070017006 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Tremblay, L. K., Naranjo, C. A., Cardenas, L., Herrmann, N., & Busto, U. E. (2002) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.59.5.409 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
The Clinical Picture of Depression in Preschool Children
Luby, J. L., Heffelfinger, A. K., Mrakotsky, C., Brown, K., HESSLER, M. J., WALLIS, J. M., & Spitznagel, E. L. (2003) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200303000-00015 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Self-citationLuby, J. L., Heffelfinger, A. K., Mrakotsky, C., HESSLER, M. J., Brown, K., & HILDEBRAND, T. (2002) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200208000-00011 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Self-citationThe structure of schizotypy: A pilot multitrait twin study
Kendler, K. S., Ochs, A. L., Gorman, A. M., Hewitt, J. K., Ross, D. E., & Mirsky, A. F. (1991) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(91)90114-5 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Luby, J. L., Heffelfinger, A., Mrakotsky, C., Brown, K., Hessler, M., & Spitznagel, E. (2003) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.60.12.1248 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Self-citationLife Events and the Research Diagnostic Criteria Endogenous Subtype
Frank, E. (1994) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950070011005 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Two Dosages of Imipramine in Hospitalized Endogenous and Neurotic Depressives
Simpson, G. M. (1976) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1976.01770090083008 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
The endogenous—neurotic distinction as a predictor of response to antidepressant drugs
Raskin, A., & Crook, T. H. (1976) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700007509 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Modification of DSM-IV Criteria for Depressed Preschool Children
Luby, J. L., Mrakotsky, C., Heffelfinger, A. K., Brown, K., HESSLER, M. J., & Spitznagel, E. L. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.6.1169 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychomotor retardation and anhedonia in depression
Lemke, M. R., Puhl, P., Koethe, N., & Winkler, T. (1999) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1999.tb07221.x · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Diagnostic Criteria for Melancholia
Zimmerman, M. A. (1989) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810040067010 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Joyce, P. R., Mulder, R., Luty, S. E., McKenzie, J. M., Sullivan, P. F., Abbott, R. M., & Stevens, I. (2002) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1046/j.1440-1614.2001.01025.x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Situational Major Depressive Disorder
Hirschfeld, R. M. A. (1985) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1985.01790340093013 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Seven-month clinical outcome of anhedonic and normally hedonic depressed inpatients
Clark, D. C., Fawcett, J., Salazar‐Grueso, E. F., & Fawcett, E. (1984) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.141.10.1216 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Parker, G. B., Hadži-Pavlović, D., Roussos, J., Wilhelm, K. A., Mitchell, P. B., Austin, M., Hickie, I. B., Gladstone, G. L., & Eyers, K. (1998) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291798007107 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Depressive Symptoms in Children and Adolescents with Dysthymic Disorder
Masi, G., Favilla, L., Mucci, M., Poli, P., & Romanò, R. (2001) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000049277 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Situational and Neurotic-Reactive Depression
Glass, R. M. (1985) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1985.01790340110015 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Birmaher, B., & Brent, D. (2007) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e318145ae1c · Cited by 1,056 · see citing works
Lopez-Duran, N. L., Kovacs, M., & George, C. J. (2009) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.03.016 · Cited by 425 · see citing works
“Finally, the three studies of HPA-axis reactivity to psychological stressors (Luby et al., 2003, 2004; Rao et al., 2008) reported equivocal results.”
BackgroundResultToward constructing an endophenotype strategy for bipolar disorders
Hasler, G., Drevets, W. C., Gould, T. D., Gottesman, I. I., & Manji, H. K. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.11.006 · Cited by 423 · see citing works
Alink, L. R. A., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., Mesman, J., Juffer, F., & Koot, H. M. (2008) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.20300 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Maternal support in early childhood predicts larger hippocampal volumes at school age
Luby, J. L., Barch, D. M., Belden, A. C., Gaffrey, M. S., Tillman, R., Babb, C. M., Nishino, T., Suzuki, H., & Botteron, K. N. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1118003109 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Self-citationZwierzynska, K., Dieter Wolke, C., & Lereya, S. T. (2012) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-012-9678-8 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Ouellet‐Morin, I., Odgers, C. L., Danese, A., Bowes, L., Shakoor, S., Papadopoulos, A. S., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., & Arseneault, L. (2011) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.06.017 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Psychopharmacological Treatment for Very Young Children: Contexts and Guidelines
Gleason, M. M., EGGER, H. L., Emslie, G. J., Greenhill, L. L., Kowatch, R. A., Lieberman, A. F., Luby, J. L., Owens, J. A., Scahill, L. D., Scheeringa, M. S., et al. (2007) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e3181570d9e · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Self-citationLuby, J. L., Si, X., Belden, A. C., Tandon, M., & Spitznagel, E. (2009) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.97 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Self-citationAllostatic processes in the family
Repetti, R. L., Robles, T. F., & Reynolds, B. (2011) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s095457941100040x · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Psychomotor symptoms in depression: A diagnostic, pathophysiological and therapeutic tool
Schrijvers, D. L., Hulstijn, W., & Sabbe, B. (2007) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.10.019 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Internalizing Disorders in Early Childhood: A Review of Depressive and Anxiety Disorders
Tandon, M., Cardeli, E., & Luby, J. L. (2009) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2009.03.004 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Self-citationLuby, J. L., Gaffrey, M. S., Tillman, R., April, L. M., & Belden, A. C. (2014) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13091198 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Self-citationNakao (2009) · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.10.003 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Harkness, K. L., Stewart, J. G., & Wynne‐Edwards, K. E. (2010) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.07.006 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
In Search of HPA Axis Dysregulation in Child and Adolescent Depression
Guerry, J. D., & Hastings, P. D. (2011) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-011-0084-5 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Wakschlag, L. S., Perlman, S. B., Blair, J., Leibenluft, E., Briggs‐Gowan, M. J., & Pine, D. S. (2017) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.17010045 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Hankin, B. L., Badanes, L. S., Abela, J. R. Z., & Watamura, S. E. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.04.004 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Role of Reward Sensitivity and Processing in Major Depressive and Bipolar Spectrum Disorders
Alloy, L. B., Olino, T. M., Freed, R. D., & Nusslock, R. (2016) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2016.02.014 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Luby, J. L., Belden, A. C., Pautsch, J., Si, X., & Spitznagel, E. L. (2008) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2008.03.026 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Self-citationRhew, I. C., Simpson, K., Tracy, M., Lymp, J. F., McCauley, E., Tsuang, D. W., & Stoep, A. V. (2010) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/1753-2000-4-8 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Beyond Emotion Regulation: Emotion Utilization and Adaptive Functioning
Izard, C. E., Stark, K. D., Trentacosta, C. J., & Schultz, D. (2008) · Child Development Perspectives · doi:10.1111/j.1750-8606.2008.00058.x · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Shannon, K. E., Beauchaine, T. P., Brenner, S. L., Neuhaus, E., & Gatzke‐Kopp, L. M. (2007) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579407000351 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Luby, J. L., Lenze, S. N., & Tillman, R. (2011) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02483.x · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Self-citationGabbay, V., Johnson, A. R., Alonso, C. M., Evans, L. K., Babb, J. S., & KLEIN, R. G. (2015) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2014.0105 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Luby, J. L., Barch, D. M., Whalen, D. J., Tillman, R., & Freedland, K. E. (2018) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.18030321 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Self-citationEmck, C., Bosscher, R. J., Beek, P. J., & DORELEIJERS, T. A. H. (2009) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2009.03337.x · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Depression and Anxiety in Preschoolers
Whalen, D. J., Sylvester, C. M., & Luby, J. L. (2017) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2017.02.006 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Self-citationFunctional Connectivity of the Amygdala in Early-Childhood-Onset Depression
Luking, K. R., Repovš, G., Belden, A. C., Gaffrey, M. S., Botteron, K. N., Luby, J. L., & Barch, D. M. (2011) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2011.07.019 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Self-citationCan non-invasive glucocorticoid measures be used as reliable indicators of stress in animals?
Lane, J. M. (2006) · Animal Welfare · doi:10.1017/s0962728600030657 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Emotions and the Development of Childhood Depression: Bridging the Gap
Cole, P. M., Luby, J. L., & Sullivan, M. W. (2008) · Child Development Perspectives · doi:10.1111/j.1750-8606.2008.00056.x · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citationOlino, T. M., Lopez‐Duran, N. L., Kovács, M., George, C. J., Gentzler, A. L., & Shaw, D. S. (2010) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02331.x · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Malkesman, O., Maayan, R., Weizman, A., & Weller, A. (2006) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2006.09.017 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Luby, J. L., Belden, A. C., Sullivan, J. P., Hayen, R., McCadney, A., & Spitznagel, E. (2009) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02077.x · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Self-citationSuzuki, H., Luby, J. L., Botteron, K. N., Dietrich, R., McAvoy, M. P., & Barch, D. M. (2014) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2014.04.013 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citationLuby, J. L., Belden, A. C., Sullivan, J. P., & Spitznagel, E. L. (2007) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-007-0063-8 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citationZisner, A. R., & Beauchaine, T. P. (2016) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579416000754 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Risk factors for preschool depression: the mediating role of early stressful life events
Luby, J. L., Belden, A. C., & Spitznagel, E. L. (2006) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01672.x · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationGaffrey, M. S., Luby, J. L., Belden, A. C., Hirshberg, J. S., Volsch, J., & Barch, D. M. (2010) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.08.031 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Self-citationTwo different putative genetic animal models of childhood depression—A review
Malkesman, O., & Weller, A. (2009) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.03.003 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Reward and anxiety in genetic animal models of childhood depression
Malkesman, O., Braw, Y., Zagoory‐Sharon, O., Golan, O., Lavi‐Avnon, Y., Schroeder, M., Overstreet, D. H., Yadid, G., & Weller, A. (2005) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2005.04.023 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Hippocampal volume and depression among young children
Barch, D. M., Tillman, R., Kelly, D., Whalen, D., Gilbert, K., & Luby, J. L. (2019) · Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2019.04.012 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationWhalen, D. J., Gilbert, K., Barch, D. M., Luby, J. L., & Belden, A. C. (2016) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12639 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationTyrka, A. R., Kelly, M. M., Graber, J. A., DeRose, L. M., Lee, J. K., Warren, M. P., & Jeanne Brooks-gunn, B. (2010) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.02.002 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Immunoassay or LC-MS/MS for the measurement of salivary cortisol in children?
Bae, Y. J., Gaudl, A., Jaeger, S., Stadelmann, S., Hiemisch, A., Kieß, W., Willenberg, A., Schaab, M., von Klitzing, K., Thiery, J., et al. (2015) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm-2015-0412 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Screening for risk factors of relational withdrawal behaviour in infants aged 14–18 months
Guédeney, A., Foucault, C., Bougen, E., Larroque, B., & Mentré, F. (2007) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.07.008 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
The Premature Demise of Public Child and Adolescent Inpatient Psychiatric Beds
Geller, J. L., & Biebel, K. (2006) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-006-9012-0 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
The developmental costs and benefits of children’s involvement in interparental conflict.
Davies, P. T., Coe, J. L., Martin, M. J., Sturge‐Apple, M. L., & Cummings, E. M. (2015) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0000024 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Pearson, J., Tarabulsy, G. M., & Bussières, È.-L. (2015) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2015.04.004 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Lopez‐Duran, N. L., McGinnis, E. W., Kuhlman, K. R., Geiss, E. G., Vargas, I., & Mayer, S. E. (2015) · Stress · doi:10.3109/10253890.2015.1053455 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Luby, J. L., Sullivan, J. P., Belden, A. C., Stalets, M. M., Blankenship, S., & Spitznagel, E. L. (2006) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000188894.54713.ee · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationBelden, A. C., Sullivan, J. P., & Luby, J. L. (2007) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616730701455395 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationPagliaccio, D., Luby, J. L., Gaffrey, M., Belden, A. C., Botteron, K. N., Gotlib, I. H., & Barch, D. M. (2011) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2011.11.008 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationMETHODOLOGICAL ARTICLE: A Brief Taxometrics Primer
Beauchaine, T. P. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374410701662840 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Puura, K., Mäntymaa, M., Luoma, I., Kaukonen, P., Guédeney, A., Salmelin, R. K., & Tamminen, T. (2010) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2010.07.009 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Barch, D. M., Gaffrey, M. S., Botteron, K. N., Belden, A. C., & Luby, J. L. (2012) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.06.009 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationOlino, T. M. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2015.1118694 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Belden, A. C., Barch, D. M., Oakberg, T. J., April, L. M., Harms, M. P., Botteron, K. N., & Luby, J. L. (2015) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.1604 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationBogdan, R., Arpana Agrawal, A., Gaffrey, M. S., Tillman, R., & Luby, J. L. (2013) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12142 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationGeller, B., Tillman, R., & Bolhofner, K. (2007) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2007.0017 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Pornpattananangkul, N., Leibenluft, E., Pine, D. S., & Stringaris, A. K. (2019) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.0020 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
RetractedBarch, D. M., Whalen, D. J., Gilbert, K., Kelly, D., Kappenman, E. S., Hajcak, G., & Luby, J. L. (2018) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.11.021 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationRetractedStalets, M. M., & Luby, J. L. (2006) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2006.05.011 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationLeventhal, A. M., Pettit, J. W., & Lewinsohn, P. M. (2007) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20328 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Suzuki, H., Botteron, K., Luby, J., Belden, A. C., Gaffrey, M., Babb, C. M., Nishino, T., Miller, M. I., Ratnanather, J., & Barch, D. (2012) · Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-012-0121-y · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationGaffrey, M. S., Belden, A. C., & Luby, J. L. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.04.056 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Premature Demise of Public Child and Adolescent Inpatient Psychiatric Beds
Geller, J. L., & Biebel, K. (2006) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-006-9013-z · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Slemming, K., Sørensen, M. J., Thomsen, P. H., Obel, C., Henriksen, T. B., & Linnet, K. M. (2010) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-010-0128-2 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Ventromedial prefrontal cortex thinning in preschool-onset depression
Marrus, N., Belden, A., Nishino, T., Handler, T., Ratnanather, J. T., Miller, M., Barch, D., Luby, J., & Botteron, K. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.033 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationDepressive symptom composites associated with cortisol stress reactivity in adolescents
Morris, M. C., Kouros, C. D., Mielock, A. S., & Rao, U. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.12.023 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Barch, D. M., Whalen, D. J., Gilbert, K., Kelly, D., Kappenman, E. S., Hajcak, G., & Luby, J. L. (2020) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.06.032 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationSuzuki, H., Belden, A. C., Spitznagel, E. L., Dietrich, R., & Luby, J. L. (2013) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.06.038 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationAltered hippocampal subfield volumes in major depressive disorder with and without anhedonia
Wu, C., Jia, L., Mu, Q., Fang, Z., Hamoudi, H. J. A. S., Huang, M., Hu, S., Zhang, P., Xu, Y., & Lu, S. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-05001-6 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Psychopharmacology and Preschoolers: A Critical Review of Current Conditions
Fanton, J. H., & Gleason, M. M. (2009) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2009.02.005 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Gupta, T., Eckstrand, K., & Forbes, E. E. (2024) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13955 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Golub, Y., Kuitunen‐Paul, S., Panaseth, K., Stonawski, V., Frey, S., Steigleder, R., Grimm, J., Goecke, T. W., Fasching, P. A., Beckmann, M. W., et al. (2019) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112584 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Beauchaine, T. P., & Marsh, P. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470939383.ch23 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Explicating the “Developmental” in Preschool Psychopathology
Bufferd, S. J., Dyson, M. W., Hernandez, I. G., & Wakschlag, L. S. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119125556.devpsy305 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Courtroom modifications for child witnesses: Law and science in forensic evaluations.
Hall, S. R., & Sales, B. D. (2008) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/11808-000 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Wesselhoeft, R. T., Heiervang, E. R., Kragh-Sørensen, P., Sørensen, M. J., & Bilenberg, N. (2016) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.06.012 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Belden, A. C., & Luby, J. L. (2006) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000189133.59318.5e · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationMcGinnis, E. W., Scism, J., Hruschak, J. L., Muzik, M., Rosenblum, K. L., Fitzgerald, K. D., Copeland, W., & McGinnis, R. S. (2021) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2021.3053846 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Lee, F.-I., & Wang, Y.-P. (2008) · Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria · doi:10.1590/s1516-44462008000200007 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Davies, P. T., Thompson, M. J., Hentges, R. F., Coe, J. L., & Sturge‐Apple, M. L. (2020) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0000994 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Sherwood, S. N., Youngstrom, J. K., Findling, R. L., Youngstrom, E. A., & Freeman, A. J. (2021) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2021.0018 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Sun, D. K., Abraham, I. L., Slack, M., & Skrepnek, G. H. (2014) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/acem.12457 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Origins of Anhedonia in Childhood and Adolescence
Prabhakar, J., Nielson, D. M., & Stringaris, A. K. (2022) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2022_356 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Foell, J., Klawohn, J., Bruchnak, A., Brush, C. J., Patrick, C. J., & Hajcak, G. (2021) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111298 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Motor activity in depressed children
Aronen, E. T., Simola, P. E., & Soininen, M. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.04.013 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Davies, P. T., Thompson, M. J., Coe, J. L., & Sturge‐Apple, M. L. (2021) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579421000171 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Keren, M., & Tyano, S. (2006) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2006.05.004 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The role of pharmacotherapy in the management of self-regulation difficulties in young children.
Reebye, P. N., & Elbe, D. (2009) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Emck, C. (2014) · The Arts in Psychotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.aip.2014.02.007 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Allely, C. S., Doolin, O., Gillberg, C., Gillberg, I. C., Puckering, C., Smillie, M., McConnachie, A., Heron, J., Golding, J., & Wilson, P. (2012) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2012.07.009 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Tobe, R. H., Tu, L., Keefe, J. R., Breland, M. M., Ely, B. A., Sital, M., Richard, J. T., Tural, Ü., Iosifescu, D. V., & Gabbay, V. (2023) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.10.044 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The validity and reliability of preschool age psychiatric assessment (PAPA) in Turkish population
Öztop, D. B., Efendi, G. Y., Uytun, M. Ç., Yürümez, E., Ünlü, H. K., Ayıdağa, E. A., Çakıroğlu, M., Günaydın, M., Alkan, B., & Aktaş, S. (2023) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103837 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Neuroepigenetics of Prenatal Psychological Stress
Claes, S. J. (2018) · Progress in molecular biology and translational science · doi:10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.04.007 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Schwartz, K. T. G., Chronis-Tuscano, A. M., Tillman, R., Whalen, D. J., Gilbert, K., & Luby, J. L. (2022) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-022-02093-5 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationcontact, A. T. O. O. T. I., plan, T. C. S. C. W. T. P. A. P. T. B. O. T. C. R. T. W. B. P. T. C. R. T. A. C. R. I. D. B. L. T. V. B. S. E. S. H. M. C. A. R. R. P. W. E. I. A. T. T., plan, T. S., providers, A. P. T. G. O. T. T. C. S. E. T. S. O. V. R. I. W. B. C. T. T. P. T. C. S. R. P. T. C. W. M., treatment, O. M. H. P. I. I. T., & use., A. A. S. P. C. S. P. A. M. F. P. T. C. C. A. D. I. F. A. H.-R. B. S. A. S. T. O. S. (2008) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/foc.6.3.foc379 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence
Goodyer, I. M. (2008) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511544125.007 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Luby, J. L., Mrakotsky, C., Heffelfinger, A., Brown, K., & Spitznagel, E.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2004-11-01
- Volume
- 161
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1998-2004
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W2097879830
- Cited by
- 137
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 10.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K08MH001462, K08 MH 01462-01)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- endogenous depression, anhedonia, depression subtypes, young children, cortisol response, psychomotor retardation, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, depression severity
- MeSH terms
- Affective Symptoms, Age Factors, Child, Preschool, Major Depressive Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Major, Depressive Disorder, Ethnicity, Family, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Income, Life Change Events, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Saliva, Severity of Illness Index, Sex Factors, Comorbidity, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
