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Cited by 158Smoking Behavior and CessationSubstance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesBehavioral Health and Interventions

Extended nortriptyline and psychological treatment for cigarette smoking

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Hall, Sharon M., Humfleet, Gary L., Reus, Victor I., Muñoz, Ricardo F., Cullen, Jennifer·2004·American Journal of Psychiatry
DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.161.11.2100
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Accepted treatments for cigarette smoking rarely achieve abstinence rates of >35% at 1 year. Low rates may reflect failure to provide extended and multifocal treatment for this complex and chronic addiction. Using a chronic disease model of smoking, the authors undertook a study to determine the effects of long-term antidepressant and psychological treatment. METHOD: One hundred sixty smokers of > or =10 cigarettes/day were randomly assigned to one of four treatment conditions in a two-by-two (nortriptyline versus placebo by brief versus extended treatment) design. All subjects received 8 weeks of a transdermal nicotine patch, five group counseling sessions, and active or placebo treatment. Interventions for subjects in brief treatment ended at this point. Subjects in extended treatment continued taking drug or placebo to week 52 and received an additional 9 monthly counseling sessions, with checkup telephone calls midway through each session. Subjects were assessed at baseline and weeks 12, 24, 36, and 52. The principal outcome variables were repeated abstinence at each assessment after the first over a 1-year period and a point prevalence of 7 days of abstinence. RESULTS: At week 52, point-prevalence abstinence rates with missing subjects imputed as smokers were 30% for placebo brief treatment, 42% for placebo extended treatment, 18% for active brief treatment, and 50% for active extended treatment. With missing subjects omitted, these rates were 32%, 57%, 21%, and 56%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Comprehensive extended treatments that combine drug and psychological interventions can produce consistent abstinence rates that are substantially higher than those in the literature.

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  • One year use of bupropion led to significantly higher rates of success than placebo during treatment assignment in individuals who quit smoking.

    “In a study examining the use of bupropion in individuals who quit smoking, one year use of bupropion led to significantly higher rates of success than placebo during treatment assignment (114)”

    From Tobacco addiction (2008) · cites this paper as [114]

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  1. Medical-care expenditures attributable to cigarette smoking- United States, 1993. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1994; 43: 469-472

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Authors
Hall, S. M., Humfleet, G. L., Reus, V. I., Muñoz, R. F., & Cullen, J.
Affiliations
University of California, San Francisco (US)
ORCID
Venue
American Journal of Psychiatry
Publisher
American Psychiatric Association Publishing
Published
2004-11-01
Volume
161
Issue
11
Pages
2100-2107
ISSN
  • 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
  • 1535-7228
DOI
10.1176/appi.ajp.161.11.2100
OpenAlex
W2110381463
Cited by
158
References
25
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 13
FWCI
8.84
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5k05da016752-10)
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA015732, K05 DA-016752, R01DA002538, P 50 DA9253, P50DA009253)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
Keywords
cigarette smoking, smoking cessation, nortriptyline, extended treatment, group counseling, nicotine patch, antidepressants, chronic disease model, abstinence rates, telephone follow-up
MeSH terms
Smoking Prevention, Administration, Cutaneous, Adult, Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic, Behavior Therapy, Combined Modality Therapy, Counseling, Drug Administration Schedule, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Nicotine, Nortriptyline, Placebos, Psychotherapy, Group, Smoking Cessation, Treatment Outcome

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