The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Blunted Neural Response to Rewards as a Prospective Predictor of the Development of Depression in Adolescent Girls
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: A blunted neural response to rewards has recently emerged as a potential mechanistic biomarker of adolescent depression. The reward positivity, an event-related potential elicited by feedback indicating monetary gain relative to loss, has been associated with risk for depression. The authors examined whether the reward positivity prospectively predicted the development of depression 18 months later in a large community sample of adolescent girls. METHOD: The sample included 444 girls 13.5-15.5 years old with no lifetime history of a depressive disorder, along with a biological parent for each girl. At baseline, the adolescents' reward positivity was measured using a monetary guessing task, their current depressive symptoms were assessed using a self-report questionnaire, and the adolescents' and parents' lifetime psychiatric histories were evaluated with diagnostic interviews. The same interview and questionnaire were administered to the adolescents again approximately 18 months later. RESULTS: A blunted reward positivity at baseline predicted first-onset depressive disorder and greater depressive symptom scores 18 months later. The reward positivity was also a significant predictor independent of other prominent risk factors, including baseline depressive symptoms and adolescent and parental lifetime psychiatric history. The combination of a blunted reward positivity and greater depressive symptom scores at baseline provided the greatest positive predictive value for first-onset depressive disorder. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides strong converging evidence that a blunted neural response to rewards precedes adolescent-onset depression and symptom emergence. Blunted neural response may therefore constitute an important target for screening and prevention.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Even in individuals who do not meet full diagnostic criteria, alterations in reward processing predict later diagnoses of MDD (Nelson et al., 2016), substance use disorder (Castellanos-Ryan et al., 2011; Garfield et al., 2014), and conduct disorder (Rubia et al., 2009).”
From The effects of early life stress on reward processing (2018) · cites this paper as Nelson et al., 2016
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
KAUFMAN, J., BIRMAHER, B., BRENT, D., RAO, U., FLYNN, C., MORECI, P., WILLIAMSON, D., & RYAN, N. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199707000-00021 · Cited by 10,148
Merikangas, K. R., He, J.-P., Burstein, M., Swanson, S. A., Avenevoli, S., Cui, L., Benjet, C., Georgiades, K., & Swendsen, J. (2010) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2010.05.017 · Cited by 6,278
A new method for off-line removal of ocular artifact
Gratton, G., Coles, M. G. H., & Donchin, E. (1983) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(83)90135-9 · Cited by 5,055 · cited 1×
“1 to 30 Hz), and corrected for eye movement artifacts (31).”
BackgroundHolroyd, C. B., & Coles, M. G. H. (2002) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.109.4.679 · Cited by 4,027
Maternal Depression and Child Psychopathology: A Meta-Analytic Review
Goodman, S. H., Rouse, M. H., Connell, A. M., Broth, M. R., Hall, C. M., & Heyward, D. (2011) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-010-0080-1 · Cited by 2,621 · cited 3×
“, anxiety and behavioral disorders) (5), and a family history of psychiatric disorders (6).”
BackgroundUnderstanding adolescence as a period of social–affective engagement and goal flexibility
Crone, E. A., & Dahl, R. E. (2012) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3313 · Cited by 2,507
Hankin, B. L., Abramson, L. Y., Moffitt, T. E., Silva, P. A., McGee, R., & Angell, K. E. (1998) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.107.1.128 · Cited by 2,333
The Medial Frontal Cortex and the Rapid Processing of Monetary Gains and Losses
Gehring, W. J., & Willoughby, A. R. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1066893 · Cited by 1,884
The brain reward circuitry in mood disorders
Russo, S. J., & Nestler, E. J. (2013) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3381 · Cited by 1,870
Pizzagalli, D. A., Holmes, A. J., Dillon, D. G., Goetz, E. L., Birk, J. L., Bogdan, R., Dougherty, D. D., Iosifescu, D. V., Rauch, S. L., & Fava, M. (2009) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08081201 · Cited by 1,232
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- First MB, 1997, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-CV), Clinician Version
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Prefrontal cortex and depression
Pizzagalli, D. A., & Roberts, A. C. (2022) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-021-01101-7 · Cited by 667
Reward Processing in Depression: A Conceptual and Meta-Analytic Review Across fMRI and EEG Studies
Keren, H., O’Callaghan, G., Vidal-Ribas, P., Buzzell, G. A., Brotman, M. A., Leibenluft, E., Pan, P. M., Meffert, L., Kaiser, A., Wolke, S., et al. (2018) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17101124 · Cited by 521
Watson, D., Levin‐Aspenson, H. F., Waszczuk, M. A., Conway, C. C., Dalgleish, T., Dretsch, M. N., Eaton, N. R., Forbes, M. K., Forbush, K. T., Hobbs, K. A., et al. (2022) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20943 · Cited by 311
Self-citationLinking RDoC and HiTOP: A new interface for advancing psychiatric nosology and neuroscience
Michelini, G., Palumbo, I. M., DeYoung, C. G., Latzman, R. D., & Kotov, R. (2021) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102025 · Cited by 304
Self-citationThe Utility of Event-Related Potentials in Clinical Psychology
Hajcak, G., Klawohn, J., & Meyer, A. (2019) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095457 · Cited by 205
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Nelson, B. D., Perlman, G., Klein, D. N., Kotov, R., & Hajcak, G.
- Affiliations
- Stony Brook University (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2016-12-01
- Volume
- 173
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1223-1230
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W2475319108
- Cited by
- 250
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 5
- FWCI
- 16.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH093479)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- reward positivity, adolescent depression, depressive symptoms, event-related potentials, biomarkers, depression risk prediction, adolescent girls
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Depressive Disorder, Evoked Potentials, Family Health, Female, Humans, Predictive Value of Tests, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Reward, Risk Factors, Disease Progression
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
