Teen Options for Change: An Intervention for Young Emergency Patients Who Screen Positive for Suicide Risk
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Previous research has documented the feasibility of screening in emergency departments for adolescent suicide risk. This randomized trial examined the effectiveness of Teen Options for Change (TOC), an intervention for adolescents seeking general medical emergency services who screen positive for suicide risk. METHODS: Participants were 49 youths, ages 14 to 19, seeking services for nonpsychiatric emergencies. They screened positive for suicide risk because of recent suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, or depression plus substance abuse. Youths were randomly assigned to the TOC intervention or to enhanced treatment as usual. Depression, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation were assessed at baseline and two months later. RESULTS: Adolescents assigned to TOC showed greater reductions in depression than adolescents assigned to the comparison group (Cohen's d=1.07, a large effect size). Hopelessness, suicidal ideation, and substance abuse outcomes trended positively (nonsignificantly), with small to moderate effect sizes. CONCLUSIONS: TOC may be a promising, brief intervention for adolescents seeking emergency services and at risk of suicide.
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The Volitional Helpsheet had no overall effect on the recurrence of self-harm, but it was effective in reducing the number of self-harm repetitions following a suicide attempt in those previously hospitalised for self-harm, compared to a control group receiving treatment as usual.
“Although this intervention had no overall effect on the recurrence of self-harm, it has been shown to be effective in reducing the number of self-harm repetitions following a suicide attempt in those previously hospitalised for self-harm, compared to a control group receiving treatment as usual 289 .”
From Suicide and suicide risk (2019) · cites this paper as [289]
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIf a study did not say how missing data were handled, it was rated high risk for incomplete outcome data.
“Studies that did not mention how missing data were analyzed were assigned a high risk score on the incomplete outcome data domain.17,[20][21][22][23]26”
Three of the 14 studies (21.4%) included care coordination.
“Of the 14 included studies, 3 (21.4%)included care coordination.17,19,20”
Seven studies (50%) assessed subsequent suicide attempts.
“Seven studies (50%) examined subsequent suicide attempts as an outcome, [16][17][18]21,23,24,28”
The studies tracked participants for 2 months to 1 year after intervention and ascertained later suicide attempts through medical records or validated self-report.
“Studies followed up study participants for 2 months to 1 year after the intervention to identify subsequent suicide attempts and used either medical record review 28 or validated patient self-report measures [16][17][18]21,23,24 to ascertain suicide attempts.”
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- Authors
- King, C. A., Gipson, P. Y., Horwitz, A. G., & Opperman, K. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Venue
- Psychiatric Services
- Published
- 2015-01-01
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 97-100
- ISSN
- 0022-1597 (ISSN-L)
- 1075-2730
- 1557-9700
- PMC
- PMC4346207
- OpenAlex
- W2116617026
- Cited by
- 73
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 5.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychiatric Services (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K24MH077705, R34MH079123)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Keywords
- adolescent suicide risk, suicide prevention interventions, emergency department screening, suicidal ideation, depression, hopelessness, substance abuse, brief intervention, adolescents
- MeSH terms
- Suicide Prevention, Adolescent, Adult, Depression, Emergency Service, Hospital, Feasibility Studies, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Pilot Projects, Psychotherapy, Risk, Suicide, Attempted, Treatment Outcome, Substance-Related Disorders, Young Adult, Suicidal Ideation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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