Evidence Base Update of Psychosocial Treatments for Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors in Youth
Abstract
The current review provides an evidence base update of psychosocial treatments for self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) in youth. A systematic search was conducted of 2 major scientific databases (PsycInfo and PubMed) and ClinicalTrials.gov for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published prior to June 2018. The search identified 26 RCTs examining interventions for SITBs in youth: 17 were included in the 2015 review and 9 trials were new to this update. The biggest change since the prior review was the evaluation of Dialectical Behavior Therapy for adolescents (DBT-A) as the first Level 1: Well-established intervention for reducing deliberate self-harm (composite of nonsuicidal and suicidal self-injury) and suicide ideation in youth and Level 2: Probably efficacious for reducing nonsuicidal self-injury and suicide attempts. Five other interventions were rated as Level 2: Probably efficacious for reducing SITBs in youth, with the new addition of Integrated Family Therapy. This evidence base update indicates that there are a few promising treatments for reducing SITBs in youth. Efficacious interventions typically include a significant family or parent training component as well as skills training (e.g., emotion regulation skills). Aside from DBT-A, few treatments have been examined in more than one RCT. Given that replication by independent research groups is needed to evaluate an intervention as Well-established, future research should focus on replicating the five promising interventions currently evaluated as Probably efficacious. In addition, an important future direction is to develop brief efficacious interventions that may be scalable to reach large numbers of youth.
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DBT was the only intervention to meet the threshold for 'well established treatments' for reducing suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviour in children and adolescents.
“An evidence update concluded that DBT was the only intervention to meet the threshold for ' well established treatments ' for reducing suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviour in children and adolescents 273 .”
From Suicide and suicide risk (2019) · cites this paper as [273]
The DBT-A section rates DBT as Level 1: Well-established for reducing suicidal ideation (SI) and deliberate self-harm (DSH) in youth. The paper defines DSH as including acts with or without intent to die, and rates DBT only Level 2: Probably efficacious for reducing suicide attempts. Thus, the claim overstates the well-established rating for suicidal behaviour. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAcross several different treatment interventions, certain elements seemed to increase treatment efficacy, such as a family-centred approach, the inclusion of skills-training, and (except for suicide attempts) longer treatment duration.
“Across several different treatment interventions, certain elements seemed to increase treatment efficacy, such as a family-centred approach, the inclusion of skills-training, and (except for suicide attempts) longer treatment duration.”
From Does treatment method matter? A meta-analysis of the past 20 years of research on therapeutic interventions for self-harm and suicidal ideation in adolescents (2020) · cites this paper as [20]
The “Efficacious treatment components across interventions” section identifies family involvement and adolescent skills training as shared features of efficacious treatments. Its “Treatment dose” subsection says very brief interventions generally did not reduce self-injurious thoughts and behaviors, and that efficacious interventions for suicide attempts were intensive for 3–12 months. The claim’s exception for suicide attempts is therefore not supported. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDBT-A met the standard to be classified as a 'well-established intervention' for reducing both self-harm and suicidal ideation and was classified as 'probably efficacious' for reducing NSSI and suicide attempts.
“In light of this additional evidence, DBT-A now met the standard to be classified as a ‘well-established intervention’ for reducing both self-harm and suicidal ideation and was classified as ‘probably efficacious’ for reducing NSSI and suicide attempts.”
DBT-A is an evidence-based treatment for adolescents with emotion dysregulation, especially concerning the reduction of self-harm.
“According to international standards, Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Adolescents (DBT®-A) is an evidence-based treatment for these patients, especially concerning the reduction of self-harm (8–11).”
From Radical Acceptance of Reality: Putting DBT®-A Skill Groups Online During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study (2022) · cites this paper as [8]
A range of psychosocial interventions, including cognitive-behavioural therapy, dialectical behaviour therapy and mentalization based therapy, have all been shown to reduce suicidal and self-harming behaviour in randomized trials with both adolescents and adults.
“We must emphasize that a range of psychosocial interventions, including cognitive-behavioural therapy, dialectical behaviour therapy and mentalization based therapy have all been shown to reduce suicidal and self-harming behaviour in randomized trials with both adolescents [21] and adults [22].”
From Euthanasia and assisted suicide in patients with personality disorders: a review of current practice and challenges (2020) · cites this paper as [21]
There is ample empirical data to show that suicidal tendencies and behaviour can be treated and that they fluctuate rapidly over time.
“However, there is ample empirical data to show that suicidal tendencies and behaviour can be treated and that they fluctuate rapidly over time.”
From Euthanasia and assisted suicide in patients with personality disorders: a review of current practice and challenges (2020) · cites this paper as [21]
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BackgroundGlenn, C. R., Lanzillo, E. C., Esposito, E. C., Santee, A. C., Nock, M. K., & Auerbach, R. P. (2017) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-016-0214-0 · Cited by 197 · cited 2× · see citing works
“, 2006), only one third of adolescents who think about suicide will engage in suicidal behavior (Glenn et al., 2017; Nock et al., 2013).”
BackgroundSelf-citationO'Connor, E., Gaynes, B. N., Burda, B. U., Soh, C., & Whitlock, E. P. (2013) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-158-10-201305210-00642 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Effectiveness of an outpatient intervention targeting suicidal young adults: Preliminary results.
Rudd, M. D., Rajab, M. H., Orman, D. T., Stulman, D. A., Joiner, T., & Dixon, W. A. (1996) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.64.1.179 · Cited by 182 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Rudd et al. (1996) examined a separate eclectic skills group including psychoeducation, problem solving, social competence skills, and experiential-affective groups.”
BackgroundPineda, J., & Dadds, M. R. (2013) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.05.015 · Cited by 174 · cited 9× · see citing works
“In the parent training trial (“brand-name” RAP-P), improved family functioning mediated (full mediation via parent report, partial mediation via adolescent report) the intervention effect on adolescents’ SITBs (Pineda & Dadds, 2013).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialYouth-Nominated Support Team for suicidal adolescents (Version 1): A randomized controlled trial.
King, C. A., Kramer, A., Preuss, L. J., Kerr, D., Weisse, L., & Venkataraman, S. (2006) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.74.1.199 · Cited by 171 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Two trials, reviewed previously, have examined a Youth-Nominated Support Team (YST) intervention for suicidal adolescents (King et al., 2009, 2006).”
BackgroundResultMitchell, D. (1919) · The Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0073493 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
School-based suicide prevention: a framework for evidence-based practice.
Singer, J. B., Erbacher, T. A., & Rosen, P. (2019) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-018-9245-8 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
King, C. A., Klaus, N. M., Kramer, A., Venkataraman, S., QUINLAN, P. E., & Gillespie, B. W. (2009) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0016552 · Cited by 157 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Two trials, reviewed previously, have examined a Youth-Nominated Support Team (YST) intervention for suicidal adolescents (King et al., 2009, 2006).”
BackgroundKennard, B. D., Goldstein, T., Foxwell, A. A., McMakin, D. L., Wolfe, K., Biernesser, C., Moorehead, A., Douaihy, A., Zullo, L., Wentroble, E., et al. (2018) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17101151 · Cited by 154 · cited 3× · see citing works
“In a recent RCT (Kennard et al., 2018), 66 adolescents hospitalized for SA or SI were randomly assigned to ASAP plus TAU or TAU only.”
BackgroundInfluentialDiamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K., & Levy, S. (2010) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2009.11.002 · Cited by 152 · cited 11× · see citing works
“RCT replication was less helpful for the status of Psychodynamic Therapy–Family-Based, “brand name” ABFT (Diamond et al., 2018, 2010), which is now rated as Level 4: Experimental for reducing SI and SA in youth.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialTreatment for adolescents following a suicide attempt: results of a pilot trial
Donaldson, D., Spirito, A., & Esposito-Smythers, C. (2005) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200502000-00003 · Cited by 151 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…and mode has not changed since the prior review (of note, it was previously labeled “CBT-Individual+CBT-Family+Parent Training” due to the addition of parent training compared to earlier iterations of the treatment package; Donaldson et al., 2005; Esposito-Smythers, Spirito, Uth, & LaChance, 2006).”
MethodResultSuicide Prevention for High‐Risk Persons Who Refuse Treatment <sup>*</sup>
Motto, J. A. (1976) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1943-278x.1976.tb00880.x · Cited by 150 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Using a different approach, Robinson et al. (2012) tested whether a modified postcard intervention (Motto, 1976) would increase connection to care among young people.”
BackgroundMethodTang, T., Jou, S., Ko, C., Huang, S., & Yen, C. (2009) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2009.01991.x · Cited by 148 · cited 8× · see citing works
“Tang et al. (2009) found that school-based IPT-A significantly reduced SI over the course of treatment compared to TAU (i.e., psychoeducation and supportive counseling).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialAsarnow, J. R., Berk, M., Hughes, J. L., & Anderson, N. L. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2014.940624 · Cited by 147 · cited 11× · see citing works
“One RCTwill compare different follow-up services posthospitalization (e.g., intensive individualized care management with multiple systems in the adolescent’s life) aimed at decreasing risk for subsequent suicidal behavior and rehospitalization (“Promote Access to Stop Suicide [PASS]: comparison of F/U services for Yo…”
BackgroundInfluentialRegression to the mean: treatment effect without the intervention
Morton, V., & Torgerson, D. J. (2005) · Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2004.00505.x · Cited by 147 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…ri m en ta l tr ea tm en t gr ou p; TA U = tr ea tm en ta s us ua l. a T ri al w as in cl ud ed in th e pr io r JC C A P E vi de nc e B as e U pd at e (G le nn et al ., 20 15 ). comparison groups) to exhibit a reduction in symptoms over time (e.g., regression to the mean; Morton & Torgerson, 2005).”
BackgroundDiamond, G. S., Kobak, R. R., Krauthamer Ewing, E. S., Levy, S. A., Herres, J. L., Russon, J. M., & Gallop, R. J. (2019) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2018.10.006 · Cited by 147 · cited 11× · see citing works
“RCT replication was less helpful for the status of Psychodynamic Therapy–Family-Based, “brand name” ABFT (Diamond et al., 2018, 2010), which is now rated as Level 4: Experimental for reducing SI and SA in youth.”
InfluentialSecondary prevention of attempted suicide in adolescence
Cotgrove, A., Zirinsky, L., Black, D., & Weston, D. (1995) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1006/jado.1995.1039 · Cited by 143 · cited 3× · see citing works
“In the earliest trial to examine a resource intervention, Cotgrove et al. (1995) compared standard care plus a token to access the hospital on demand versus standard care in an RCT with 105 adolescents with a history of DSH or SA.”
BackgroundDevelopmental Approach to Prevent Adolescent Suicides
Wyman, P. A. (2014) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2014.05.039 · Cited by 141 · cited 1× · see citing works
“As such, this period represents a critical opportunity for effective intervention and prevention of SITBs (National Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention: Research Prioritization Task Force, 2014; Wyman, 2014).”
BackgroundEvidence base update for psychosocial treatments for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder
Freeman, J., Garcia, A., Frank, H., Benito, K., Conelea, C., Walther, M., & Edmunds, J. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2013.804386 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Green, J. M., Wood, A. J., Kerfoot, M. J., Trainor, G., Roberts, C., Rothwell, J., Woodham, A., Ayodeji, E., Barrett, B., Byford, S., et al. (2011) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.d682 · Cited by 137 · cited 1× · see citing works
“One trial (Assessment of Treatment in Suicidal Teenagers; ASSIST trial) reported nonsignificant findings for DSH in DGTcompared to routine care (ITT analyses; Green et al., 2011).”
ResultHazell, P. L., Martin, G., Mcgill, K., Kay, T., Wood, A., Trainor, G., & Harrington, R. (2009) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e3181aoacec · Cited by 132 · cited 1× · see citing works
“A second trial indicated that the experimental intervention may actually be iatrogenic with the DGT group reportingmoreDSH than those receiving routine care (ITT analyses; Hazell et al., 2009).”
MethodHetrick, S. E., Yuen, H. P., Bailey, E., Cox, G. R., Templer, K., Rice, S. M., Bendall, S., & Robinson, J. (2017) · Evidence-Based Mental Health · doi:10.1136/eb-2017-102719 · Cited by 124 · cited 9× · see citing works
“, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy [CBT]–Individual) rather than by treatment “brand names” (e.g., Reframe-IT; Hetrick et al., 2017).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialOverlooked and Underserved: “Action Signs” for Identifying Children With Unmet Mental Health Needs
Jensen, P. S., Goldman, E. E., Offord, D., Costello, E. J., Friedman, R., Huff, B. P., Crowe, M., Amsel, L., BENNETT, K. J., Bird, H., et al. (2011) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2009-0367 · Cited by 124 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Sadly, most youth with mental health difficulties do not receive adequate mental health treatment (Jensen et al., 2011; Kataoka, Zhang, & Wells, 2002).”
BackgroundLeavitt, R. A., Ertl, A. M., Sheats, K., Petrosky, E. Y., Ivey-Stephenson, A. Z., & Fowler, K. A. (2018) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6708a1 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Cottrell, D. J., Wright-Hughes, A., Collinson, M., Boston, P., Eisler, I., Fortune, S., Graham, E. H., Green, J., House, A. O., Kerfoot, M., et al. (2018) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(18)30058-0 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Robinson, J., Hetrick, S., Cox, G., Bendall, S., Yuen, H. P., Yung, A., & Pirkis, J. (2016) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.12137 · Cited by 108 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Modules delivered over the Internet include behavioral activation, cognitive restructuring, distress tolerance, and problem-solving skills (Robinson et al., 2014).”
BackgroundOugrin, D., Zundel, T., Ng, A., Banarsee, R., Bottle, A., & Taylor, E. (2011) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.2010.188755 · Cited by 106 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Two trials, reviewed previously, have examined brief family-based interventions in the ED (Asarnow et al., 2011; Ougrin et al., 2011).”
BackgroundMethodCzyz, E. K., King, C. A., & Biermann, B. J. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2018.1496442 · Cited by 105 · cited 2× · see citing works
“In a pilot RCT with 36 adolescents hospitalized for suicide risk, Czyz, King, and Biermann (2018) compared a MI-enhanced safety planning intervention (MI-SafeCope) to hospital TAU plus the Recovery Action Plan (crisis management strategies and safety planning).”
BackgroundCopeland, W. E., Goldston, D. B., & Costello, E. J. (2017) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2017.08.015 · Cited by 104 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Although SI is impairing for youth (Copeland et al., 2017; Foley et al., 2006), only one third of adolescents who think about suicide will engage in suicidal behavior (Glenn et al., 2017; Nock et al., 2013).”
BackgroundHsu, L. (1989) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.57.1.131 · Cited by 104 · cited 4× · see citing works
“We chose to exclude studies with smaller sample sizes due to problems of group nonequivalence that often arise in such cases (Hsu, 2016).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialJournal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology
(2011) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2011.618086 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Morthorst, B. R., Krogh, J., Erlangsen, A., Alberdi, F., & Nordentoft, M. (2012) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.e4972 · Cited by 84 · cited 6× · see citing works
“…review does highlight that very brief, or low dose, interventions, whether family based (Asarnow et al., 2011; Ougrin et al., 2013) or resource/outreach focused (Cotgrove et al., 1995; Morthorst et al., 2012; Robinson et al., 2012) do not appear to be substantial enough for reducing SITBs in youth.”
BackgroundInfluentialOugrin, D., Boege, I., Stahl, D., Banarsee, R., & Taylor, E. (2013) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/archdischild-2012-303200 · Cited by 84 · cited 2× · see citing works
“However, this review does highlight that very brief, or low dose, interventions, whether family based (Asarnow et al., 2011; Ougrin et al., 2013) or resource/outreach focused (Cotgrove et al., 1995; Morthorst et al., 2012; Robinson et al., 2012) do not appear to be substantial enough for reducing…”
BackgroundResultKing, C. A., Gipson, P. Y., Horwitz, A. G., & Opperman, K. J. (2015) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201300347 · Cited by 73 · cited 27× · see citing works
“Given the increasing number of RCTs, and because such research designs provide the best test of treatment efficacy, we chose to focus this review exclusively on RCTs.”
BackgroundInfluentialRobinson, J., Hetrick, S., Cox, G., Bendall, S., Yung, A., & Pirkis, J. (2015) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.12136 · Cited by 71 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Modules delivered over the Internet include behavioral activation, cognitive restructuring, distress tolerance, and problem-solving skills (Robinson et al., 2014).”
BackgroundRobinson, J., Yuen, H. P., Gook, S., Hughes, A., Cosgrave, E., Killackey, E. J., Baker, K., Jorm, A. F., McGorry, P. D., & Yung, A. R. (2012) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1751-7893.2011.00334.x · Cited by 69 · cited 6× · see citing works
“…review does highlight that very brief, or low dose, interventions, whether family based (Asarnow et al., 2011; Ougrin et al., 2013) or resource/outreach focused (Cotgrove et al., 1995; Morthorst et al., 2012; Robinson et al., 2012) do not appear to be substantial enough for reducing SITBs in youth.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialKennard, B. D., Biernesser, C. L., Wolfe, K. L., Foxwell, A. A., Lee, S. J. C., Rial, K. V., Patel, S., Cheng, C., Goldstein, T. R., McMakin, D. L., et al. (2015) · Journal of Technology in Human Services · doi:10.1080/15228835.2015.1106384 · Cited by 67 · cited 2× · see citing works
“As Safe as Possible (ASAP) is a brief (3-hr) skills training intervention and app-supported follow-up for hospitalized youth aimed at reducing suicidal behavior postdischarge (Kennard et al., 2015).”
BackgroundAlavi, A., Sharifi, B., Ghanizadeh, A. J., & Dehbozorgi, G. (2013) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depressed Adolescents ☆
Young, J. F., & Mufson, L. H. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809324-5.06093-4 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Berk, M. S., Starace, N. K., Black, V. P., & Avina, C. (2020) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2018.1509750 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Spirito, A., Stanton, C. A., Donaldson, D. L., & Boergers, J. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3101_06 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Madden, S. (2013) · WORLD SCIENTIFIC eBooks · doi:10.1142/9789814374040_0027 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Barriers to Outpatient Mental Health Treatment for Children and Adolescents: Parental Perspectives
Smith, T., Linnemeyer, R. M., Scalise, D., & Hamilton, J. (2013) · International Journal of Systemic Therapy · doi:10.1080/08975353.2013.792203 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Wright-Hughes, A. M., Graham, L., Farrin, A. J., Collinson, M., Boston, P., Eisler, I., Fortune, S. A., Green, J., House, A. O., Owens, D., et al. (2015) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-015-1007-4 · Cited by 43 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Among adolescents referred to mental health services for repetitive self-harm, Cottrell et al. (2018) compared family therapy (FT) for selfharm to community TAU in the largest (N = 832) multisite RCT included in this review (Self-Harm Intervention: Family Therapy; Wright-Hughes et al., 2015).”
BackgroundSpirito, A., Wolff, J. C., Seaboyer, L. M., Hunt, J., Esposito-Smythers, C. L., Nugent, N. R., Zlotnick, C., & Miller, I. (2014) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2013.0130 · Cited by 39 · cited 3× · see citing works
“…we excluded trials with small sample sizes (< 20 adolescents per group; Hsu, 2016), which removed a number of smaller CBT trials (Alavi, Sharifi, Ghanizadeh, & Dehbozorgi, 2013; Donaldson, Spirito, & Esposito-Smythers, 2005; Högberg & Hällström, 2018; Spirito et al., 2015) from the current review.”
BackgroundBrief home-based intervention with young suicide attempters and their families
Kerfoot, M., Harrington, R., & Dyer, E. J. (1995) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1006/jado.1995.1038 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Högberg, G., & Hällström, T. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15050921 · Cited by 39 · cited 2× · see citing works
“In a small (N = 32; 12–15 per group) RCTwith depressed youth in outpatient care, mood-regulation-focused CBT (MR-CBT) was compared to TAU (standard practice in psychiatry; Högberg & Hällström, 2018).”
BackgroundMethodDigitally-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy for youth insomnia: A systematic review
Werner-Seidler, A., Johnston, L., & Christensen, H. (2018) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2018.01.007 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Esposito-Smythers, C., Spirito, A., Uth, R., & Lachance, H. R. (2006) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1080/10550490601006188 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Robinson, J., Hetrick, S. E., Cox, G., Bendall, S., Yung, A. R., Yuen, H. P., Templer, K., & Pirkis, J. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-14-155 · Cited by 30 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Modules delivered over the Internet include behavioral activation, cognitive restructuring, distress tolerance, and problem-solving skills (Robinson et al., 2014).”
BackgroundWe’ve Come a Long Way, Baby!: Evolution and Revolution in CBT with Youth
Friedberg, R. D., Hoyman, L. C., Behar, S., Tabbarah, S., Pacholec, N. M., Keller, M., & Thordarson, M. A. (2014) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10942-014-0178-3 · Cited by 19 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Growing research indicates that digital interventions are feasible and acceptable for youth (Friedberg et al., 2014; Richardson, Stallard, & Velleman, 2010) and may be just as efficacious as in-person delivery (Werner-Seidler, Johnston, & Christensen, 2018; Zachariae, Lyby, Ritterband, & O’Toole,…”
BackgroundGroup Therapy for Repeated Deliberate Self-Harm in Adolescents
Hazell, P., Martin, G., McGill, K., Kay, T., Wood, A., Trainor, G., & Harrington, R. (2009) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e3181a0acec · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Hsu, L. M. (2015) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/14805-010 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Turecki, G., Brent, D. A., Gunnell, D., O’Connor, R. C., Oquendo, M. A., Pirkis, J., & Stanley, B. H. (2019) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/s41572-019-0121-0 · Cited by 1,074 · see citing works
Kothgassner, O. D., Robinson, K., Goreis, A., Ougrin, D., & Plener, P. L. (2020) · Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation · doi:10.1186/s40479-020-00123-9 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
“More recently, an update to the systematic review of treatment interventions for SITBs in youth [21] focused exclusively on RCTs, including the 9 new trials available since 2015 [20].”
BackgroundResultInterventions for self-harm in children and adolescents
Witt, K. G., Hetrick, S. E., Rajaram, G., Hazell, P., Taylor Salisbury, T. L., Townsend, E., & Hawton, K. (2021) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013667.pub2 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Suicide in young people: screening, risk assessment, and intervention
Hughes, J. L., Horowitz, L. M., Ackerman, J. P., Adrian, M. C., Campo, J. V., & Bridge, J. A. (2023) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj-2022-070630 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Asarnow, J. R., & Mehlum, L. (2019) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13130 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
“In summary, while negative trials and failures to replicate are to be expected, the weight of the evidence supports the value of a variety of treatments for youths presenting with selfharm and suicidality (Glenn et al., 2019; Ougrin et al., 2015; Iyengar et al., 2018).”
BackgroundRecent advances in understanding and managing self-harm in adolescents
Clarke, S., Allerhand, L. A., & Berk, M. S. (2019) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.19868.1 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Glenn, C. R., Kleiman, E. M., Kandlur, R., Esposito, E. C., & Liu, R. T. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2021.1969654 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“Notably, a review of evidence-based treatments for STBs among youth (Glenn et al., 2019) suggests that effective interventions include a central family component, such as family skills training (e.g., family communication).”
BackgroundSelf-citationDobias, M., Schleider, J. L., Jans, L. K., & Fox, K. R. (2021) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.103983 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Suicide and Suicidal Behaviors Among Minoritized Youth
Oshin, L., Hausmann-Stabile, C., Meza, J. I., Polanco-Roman, L., Bettis, A. H., Reyes-Portillo, J., & Benton, T. D. (2022) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2022.01.002 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Evidence-Based Interventions for Youth Suicide Risk
Busby, D. R., Hatkevich, C., McGuire, T. C., & King, C. A. (2020) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-020-1129-6 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Dysregulation and Suicide in Children and Adolescents
Benton, T. D., Muhrer, E. J., Jones, J. D., & Lewis, J. (2021) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2020.10.008 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Bjureberg, J., Ojala, O., Hesser, H., Häbel, H., Sahlin, H., Gratz, K. L., Tull, M. T., Claesdotter Knutsson, E., Hedman-Lagerlöf, E., Ljótsson, B., et al. (2023) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.22069 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Rojas‐Velasquez, D., Pluhar, E., Burns, P., & Burton, E. T. (2020) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-020-01147-x · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“There is little empirical evidence of efficacious prevention for NSSI, and even fewer interventions have been evaluated specifically for treatment of NSSI among adolescents (Glenn et al. 2019).”
BackgroundCzyz, E. K., Glenn, C. R., Busby, D. R., & King, C. A. (2019) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112588 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“Taken together, consistent with treatment approaches that focus on skills development (see reviews: Brent et al., 2013; Glenn et al., 2019), these results suggest that, in addition to helping adolescents acquire a broad range of coping strategies, assessing to the extent to which adolescents perceive these tools as ef…”
BackgroundSelf-citationCzyz, E. K., King, C. A., Prouty, D., Micol, V. J., Walton, M., & Nahum‐Shani, I. (2021) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13383 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“Although significant efforts have been made toward identifying promising interventions for adolescents suicide risk, there are few established interventions with replicated efficacy (Glenn, Esposito, Porter, & Robinson, 2019; Ougrin, Tranah, Stahl, Moran, & Asarnow, 2015).”
Meza, J. I., & Bath, E. (2021) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2020.09.019 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Oppenheimer, C. W., Glenn, C. R., & Miller, A. B. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2022.2051526 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“We encourage readers to consult recent excellent reviews on suicide prevention (Katz et al., 2013; King et al., 2018; Singer et al., 2019) and intervention (Glenn et al., 2019, 2015) for youth SITBs.”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationWaraan, L., Siqveland, J., Hanssen‐Bauer, K., Czjakowski, N. O., Axelsdottir, B., Mehlum, L. I., & Aalberg, M. (2022) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/13591045221125005 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“There are effective treatment options for adolescents with suicidal behavior and suicidal ideation (Glenn et al., 2019).”
BackgroundEfficacy of interventions for suicide and self-injury in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis
Harris, L. M., Huang, X., Funsch, K. M., Fox, K. R., & Ribeiro, J. D. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-16567-8 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Mehlum, L., Schmahl, C., Berens, A., Doering, S., Hutsebaut, J., Kaera, A., Kramer, U., Moran, P. A., Renneberg, B., Ribaudi, J. S., et al. (2020) · Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation · doi:10.1186/s40479-020-00131-9 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“We must emphasize that a range of psychosocial interventions, including cognitivebehavioural therapy, dialectical behaviour therapy and mentalization based therapy have all been shown to reduce suicidal and self-harming behaviour in randomized trials with both adolescents [21] and adults [22].”
BackgroundMeza, J. I., Patel, K., & Bath, E. P. J. (2022) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.20210034 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Meza, J. I., Zullo, L., Vargas, S. M., Ougrin, D., & Asarnow, J. R. (2023) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13780 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Simes, D., Shochet, I. M., Murray, K. E., & Sands, I. G. (2021) · Adolescent Research Review · doi:10.1007/s40894-021-00164-3 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Non-suicidal Self-injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Among Adolescent Inpatients
Millon, E. M., Alqueza, K. L., Kamath, R. A., Marsh, R., Pagliaccio, D., Blumberg, H. P., Stewart, J. G., & Auerbach, R. P. (2022) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-022-01380-1 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Development and efficacy of a family-focused treatment for depression in childhood
Tompson, M. C., Langer, D. A., & Asarnow, J. R. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.057 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“This observation is also consistent with accumulating research showing benefits of treatments with strong family components for reducing the risk of suicide attempts (Asarnow et al., 2017; Ougrin et al., 2015; McCauley et al., 2018; Glenn et al., 2019).”
ResultCzyz, E. K., Arango, A., Healy, N. A., King, C. A., & Walton, M. A. (2020) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/17345 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“At the same time, there are currently few effective interventions for suicidal adolescents and even fewer that have shown replicated efficacy [2-4].”
BackgroundItzhaky, L., Davaasambuu, S., Ellis, S. P., Cisneros-Trujillo, S., Hannett, K., Scolaro, K., Stanley, B. H., Mann, J. J., Wainberg, M. L., Oquendo, M. A., et al. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.094 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Risk Assessment and Crisis Intervention for Youth in a Time of Telehealth
Holland, M. L., Hawks, J. L., Morelli, L. C., & Khan, Z. S. (2021) · Contemporary School Psychology · doi:10.1007/s40688-020-00341-6 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Boyes, M. E., Mah, M. A., & Hasking, P. A. (2023) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-022-02516-6 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“Improvements in family functioning via treatments which involve family members in the treatment process has been shown to contribute to the cessation of NSSI engagement (Glenn et al., 2019; Tatnell et al., 2014).”
BackgroundScopetti, M., Morena, D., Padovano, M., Manetti, F., Fazio, N. D., Delogu, G., Ferracuti, S., Frati, P., & Fineschi, V. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11101470 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“For PDs, for example, a series of psychotherapeutic and rehabilitative interventions are able to reduce suicidal ideation and the risk of self-injurious behaviors [55,56].”
BackgroundTreatments for Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors in Youth: Progress and Challenges
Bettis, A. H., Liu, R. T., Walsh, B., & Klonsky, E. (2020) · Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1080/23794925.2020.1806759 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Empirical evidence for the efficacy of these CBT-based approaches remains mixed, and suggests a combination of individual and family-based CBT is most promising for reducing SITBs in youth (Alavi et al., 2013; Glenn et al., 2019; Esposito-Smythers et al., 2006, 2011; Robinson et al., 2015).”
BackgroundSimonsson, O., Engberg, H., Bjureberg, J., Ljótsson, B., Stensils, J., Sahlin, H., & Hellner, C. (2020) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/17910 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“The availability of frequent and flexible online and telephonic contact was important for the participants, in line with previous findings [25,27].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSaving Lives: Recognizing and Intervening with Youth at Risk for Suicide
Arango, A., Gipson, P. Y., Votta, J. G., & King, C. A. (2021) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-103740 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Multimodal assessment of sustained threat in adolescents with nonsuicidal self-injury
Başgöze, Z., Mirza, S. A., Silamongkol, T., Hill, D. C., Falke, C. A., Thai, M., Schreiner, M. W., Parenteau, A. M., Roediger, D. J., Hendrickson, T. J., et al. (2021) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579421000754 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Trajectories of Treatment Response and Nonresponse in Youth at High Risk for Suicide
Berk, M. S., Gallop, R., Asarnow, J. R., Adrian, M. C., Avina, C., Hughes, J. L., Korslund, K. E., & McCauley, E. (2022) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2022.01.010 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Implementing Trauma Informed Suicide Prevention Care in Schools: Responding to Acute Suicide Risk
O’Neill, J. C., Goldston, D. B., Kodish, T., Yu, S. H., Lau, A. S., & Asarnow, J. R. (2021) · Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1080/23794925.2021.1917019 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“…problem-solving, or dialectical-behavioral therapy approach which includes instruction and application of emotional regulation, distress tolerance techniques, and the development of coping skills (see Glenn et al., 2019; Ougrin et al., 2015 for review of evidence-based treatments).”
BackgroundConnell, A. M., Seidman, S., Ha, T., Stormshak, E. A., Westling, E., Wilson, M. N., & Shaw, D. (2022) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-022-01370-8 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“A recent review by Glenn et al. (2019) found that five of the six best-supported interventions for adolescent suicide incorporated parent and family functioning as a core component.”
BackgroundResultMacPherson, H. A., Wolff, J. C., Nestor, B. A., Frazier, E. A., Massing‐Schaffer, M., Graves, H. R., Esposito-Smythers, C. L., & Spirito, A. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.02.021 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“, 2017) and self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (Glenn et al., 2019) incorporate parents and families in treatment, these results underscore assessing and targeting parental monitoring.”
BackgroundJanssens, J. J., Kiekens, G., Jaeken, M., & Kirtley, O. J. (2024) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102467 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Moderators of Treatment Response to an Intervention for Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Young Adults
Andover, M. S., Schatten, H. T., Holman, C. S., & Miller, I. (2020) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000603 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“There are few studies identifying moderators of treatment effectiveness for NSSI specifically, and more are needed (e.g., Glenn et al., 2019).”
BackgroundAdolescent athletes and suicide: A model for treatment and prevention
Edmonds, W. A., Craig, L. L., Christopher, R., Kennedy, T. D., & Mann, D. T. Y. (2021) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2021.101580 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Bai, S., Babeva, K. N., Kim, M. I., & Asarnow, J. R. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2020.1815208 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Waraan, L., Rognli, E. W., Czajkowski, N. O., Mehlum, L., & Aalberg, M. (2021) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1359104520980776 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Our finding is in line with a recent review by Glenn et al. (2019), where ABFT was downgraded from probably efficacious to an experimental intervention for reducing suicidal ideation in adolescents.”
BackgroundResultCognitive Flexibility and Impulsivity Deficits in Suicidal Adolescents
MacPherson, H. A., Kim, K. L., Seymour, K. E., Wolff, J. C., Esposito-Smythers, C. L., Spirito, A., & Dickstein, D. P. (2022) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-022-00952-y · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Similarly, despite growing evidence-based treatments for this population (Glenn et al., 2019), rates of suicide have increased nearly 50% over the past 10 years for youth ages 10–24, making suicide the second leading cause of death for this age group (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021a, b).”
BackgroundYouth Suicide Prevention and Intervention
Ackerman, J. P., & Horowitz, L. M. (2022) · SpringerBriefs in psychology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-06127-1 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Zhao, Y., Liu, Z., Li, Y., Liu, D., & Yi, J. (2022) · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/inm.13095 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Marshall, P., Sansom, K., Jagfeld, G., Jones, S. H., & Lobban, F. A. (2023) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/papt.12449 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Longer term psychotherapeutic approaches are also relevant, with the strongest evidence for dialectical behaviour therapy for young people experiencing self-injury and their families (Glenn et al., 2019).”
BackgroundBrief Interventions for Self-injurious Thoughts and Behaviors in Young People: A Systematic Review
Dobias, M. L., Chen, S., Fox, K. R., & Schleider, J. L. (2023) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-023-00424-9 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
A systematic review of dialectical behavior therapy mobile apps for content and usability
Wilks, C. R., Gurtovenko, K., Rebmann, K., Williamson, J., Lovell, J., & Wasil, A. R. (2021) · Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation · doi:10.1186/s40479-021-00167-5 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Calhoun, C. D., Nick, E. A., Gurtovenko, K., Vaughn, A. J., Simmons, S. W., Taylor, R. A., Twohy, E., Flannery, J., & Thompson, A. D. (2022) · Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1080/23794925.2022.2034551 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is the leading evidence-based treatment for adolescent selfharm and suicidality, and this intervention is widely utilized on CAPI units (Busby et al., 2020; Glenn et al., 2019).”
MethodSuicide Screening Tools for Pediatric Emergency Department Patients: A Systematic Review
Scudder, A. M., Rosin, R., Nelson, B. B., Boudreaux, E. D., & Larkin, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.916731 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Duarté‐Vélez, Y., Jiménez‐Colon, G., Jones, R. N., & Spirito, A. (2022) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-022-01439-z · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Replication of new promising treatments, especially for Latinx youth, is important given their low representation in RCTs and the lack of cultural and contextual relevance of most EBTs [4, 35, 36].”
Pilot Test of a DBT-Based Parenting Intervention for Parents of Youth With Recent Self-Harm
Berk, M. S., Rathus, J. H., Kessler, M., Clarke, S. B., Chick, C. F., Shen, H., & Llewellyn, T. (2020) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2020.10.001 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Future Directions in Youth Irritability Research
Evans, S. C., Shaughnessy, S., & Karlovich, A. R. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2023.2209180 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“…al., 2016) and traumatic stress (Dorsey et al., 2017), dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) for self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in adolescents (Glenn et al., 2019), and adjunctive family skill-building plus psychoeducation for pediatric bipolar disorder (Brickman & Fristad, 2022; see also…”
Systematic Review: Patient Outcomes in Transdiagnostic Adolescent Partial Hospitalization Programs
Rubenson, M. P., Gurtovenko, K., Simmons, S. W., & Thompson, A. D. (2023) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2023.03.022 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Miller, A. B., Jenness, J. L., Elton, A., Pelletier‐Baldelli, A., Patel, K. K., Bonar, A. S., Martin, S., Dichter, G. S., Giletta, M., Slavich, G. M., et al. (2023) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.10.015 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“If replicated, this work lends additional support for including emotion regulation skills as a core component in psychosocial treatments addressing STBs (78).”
Prevalence of suicide attempts across the African continent: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Babajani, F., Salari, N., Far, A. H., Abdoli, N., Mosafer, H., Heidarian, P., & Mohammadi, M. (2023) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103878 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
A Rhesus Monkey Model of Non-suicidal Self-Injury
Novak, M. A., & Meyer, J. S. (2021) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2021.674127 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
A Framework for Identifying Neurobiologically Based Intervention Targets for NSSI
Schreiner, M. W., Klimes‐Dougan, B., Parenteau, A. M., Hill, D. C., & Cullen, K. R. (2019) · Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s40473-019-00188-z · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Janackovski, A., Deane, F. P., & Hains, A. R. (2020) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2536 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Bock, M. M., Graf, T., Woeber, V., Kothgassner, O. D., Buerger, A., & Plener, P. L. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.617941 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Berk, M. S., Gallop, R., Asarnow, J. R., Adrian, M. C., Hughes, J. L., & McCauley, E. (2024) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2024.01.012 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Treatment of Adolescent Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: A Review of Family Factors and Family Therapy
Bean, R. A., Keenan, B. H., & Fox, C. (2021) · American Journal of Family Therapy · doi:10.1080/01926187.2021.1909513 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“In their (and our) opinion, these interpersonal contextual factors should be a primary focus of intervention, especially given indications that the most significant reductions in self-harm are tied to the treatment models with the greatest family involvement (Glenn et al., 2019).”
BackgroundInfluentialCo‐occurrence of nonsuicidal self‐injury and eating disorder pathology in adolescents
Reas, D. L., Wisting, L., & Dahlgren, C. L. (2022) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23826 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Tailoring treatments for adolescents with nonsuicidal self-injury
Plener, P. L. (2020) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-020-01523-6 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“This is in line with recent reviews [2, 3], reporting on overall good results from psychotherapy studies aiming to reduce self-harm.”
BackgroundResultAdolescent suicide: an individual disaster, but a systemic failure
Cavelti, M., & Kaess, M. (2021) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-021-01834-2 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
An Update on the Latest Treatment Approaches with Suicidal Adolescents
Spirito, A., Webb, M. A., Cheek, S. M., Wolff, J. C., & Esposito-Smythers, C. L. (2021) · Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s40501-021-00239-x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“RCTs of youth [11] and concluded that DBT was a well-established treatment of”
BackgroundShenk, C. E., Keeshin, B., Bensman, H. E., Olson, A. E., & Allen, B. (2021) · Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173298 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Núñez, D. E., Gaete, J., Meza, D., Andaur, J., & Robinson, J. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19073947 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“These differences were not significant, which might be due to the small sample size [49].”
BackgroundMethodDiaz-Ramos, R. E., Noriega, I., Trejo, L. A., Stroulia, E., & Cao, B. (2023) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/48210 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“In mental health care, customized machine learning has been used to identify individuals at high risk for suicide and to provide personalized interventions based on individual characteristics and needs [28].”
Lewis, S. P., Kenny, T. E., Pritchard, T. R., Labonte, L., Heath, N., & Whitley, R. (2022) · Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000001541 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Although many of the strategies reported by participants in this study were evidence-informed (e.g., distraction, social support; Glenn et al., 2019; Turner et al., 2014), others were not (e.g., replacement behaviors, substance use) and may do more harm than good (Wadman et al., 2020).”
BackgroundPsychological interventions for suicidal behavior in adolescents: a comprehensive systematic review
García-Fernández, A., Bobes-Bascarán, T., Martínez-Cao, C., González-Blanco, L., Fernández, J. F., Madera, P. Z., Zazo, E. S., Jiménez-Treviño, L., García‐Portilla, M. P., Bobes, J., et al. (2024) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-024-03132-2 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Until 2015, no randomized clinical trial (RCT) had examined the ef fi cacy of DBT in adolescents, and no study had demonstrated the superiority of DBT over a control treatment [6].”
BackgroundCarosella, K. A., Mirza, S. A., Başgöze, Z., Cullen, K. R., & Klimes‐Dougan, B. (2023) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106056 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“…patterns which will inform preventive and clinical interventions including those which aim to address physiological reactivity to stressors and others that combat the thought patterns associated with stress perception and difficulties in emotion regulation (Glenn et al., 2019; Slopen et al., 2014).”
BackgroundSuicidal Behavior, Mental Health, and Stressful Life Events Among Adolescents
López-Fernández, F. J., Moreno-Amador, B., Falcó, R., Soto‐Sanz, V., Marzo, J. C., Ibáñez, M. I., Cervin, M., & Piqueras, J. A. (2024) · Psicothema · doi:10.7334/psicothema2023.126 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Those are: family-centered approaches, with the aim of improving family functioning which may reduce, in turn, adolescent suicidal behavior; and skills training, including tolerating stress (Glenn et al., 2019).”
Brausch, A. M., Kalgren, T., & Howd, C. (2024) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-024-01269-8 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Furthermore, only 16–26% of adolescents with SITBs report that their parents know about their behavior (Berger et al., 2013), even though parent involvement is crucial for adolescent intervention for SITBs (Glenn et al., 2019).”
Experiences of dialectical behaviour therapy for adolescents: A qualitative analysis
Ohlis, A., Bjureberg, J., Ojala, O., Kerj, E., Hallek, C., Fruzzetti, A. E., & Hellner, C. (2023) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/papt.12447 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Al‐Halabí, S., & Fonseca‐Pedrero, E. (2023) · Revista de Psicoterapia · doi:10.5944/rdp.v34i124.37050 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The process of recovery and change in a dialectical behaviour therapy programme for youth
Lakeman, R., & Emeleus, M. (2020) · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/inm.12749 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The incubator treatment development model: The SAFETY treatment for suicidal/self-harming youth
Asarnow, J. R., Hughes, J., Cohen, D., Berk, M., McGrath, E., & Huey, S. J. (2022) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2020.09.012 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Bettis, A. H., Burke, T. A., Scott, S., Bedock, C., Ambriano, C., Parrish, J., Marsh, D., & Fox, K. R. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23633 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Advocacy to Address Emergent Pediatric Mental Health Care
Gonzalez, K., Patel, F., Cutchins, L. A., Kodish, I. M., & Uspal, N. G. (2020) · Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cpem.2020.100778 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Editorial: Suicide prevention in youth
Berk, M. S. (2022) · Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1111/camh.12604 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Goger, P., Guo, R., Jo, S., Cha, C. B., Ribeiro, J. D., Huang, X., & Fox, K. R. (2024) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2024.10.003 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Maultsby, K. D., López, R., Wolff, J. C., Spirito, A., & Esposito-Smythers, C. L. (2023) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-022-01018-9 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“A growing number of interventions designed to address youth suicidality do incorporate parent/family psychoeducation, parental emotion regulation, conflict management, communication, problem-solving, and activities to promote family connectedness (Glenn et al., 2019).”
BackgroundApproach-avoidance biases to self-harm cues in young people with self-harm
Rodrigues, R., Mehesz, E., Lingford-Hughes, A. R., & Simplicio, M. C. D. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.021 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Ojala, O., Hesser, H., Gratz, K. L., Tull, M. T., Hedman‐Lagerlöf, E., Sahlin, H., Ljótsson, B., Hellner, C., & Bjureberg, J. (2024) · JCPP Advances · doi:10.1002/jcv2.12243 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Finally, increased knowledge of moderators and predictors of treatment outcome following evidence ‐ based treatments for adolescent NSSI can also advance our understanding of the treat-ment of adolescent self ‐ injury in general (Glenn et al., 2019).”
BackgroundFlygare, O., Ojala, O., Pontén, M., Klintwall, L., Karemyr, M., Sjöblom, K., Wallert, J., Hellner, C., Nilbrink, J., Bellander, M., et al. (2024) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2024.2407155 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Emotion regulation, a process through which an individual influences the experience and expression of emotions (Gross, 2015), has been identified as an important mechanism underlying NSSI and is a core treatment target in psychological interventions for NSSI (Glenn et al., 2019; Witt et al., 2021).”
Transdiagnostic prevention in youth mental health, Part II: interventions
DeTore, N. R., Balogun‐Mwangi, O., Choi, K. W., & Holt, D. J. (2025) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-025-02234-9 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“DBT has shown effectiveness in preventing depressive symptoms, suicidal thoughts and behaviors, and improving emotion regulation skills in this high risk population [116 – 118].”
Seibel, L. F., Harris, K. M., López, R., Wolff, J. C., Spirito, A., & Esposito-Smythers, C. L. (2024) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.13094 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Such targets can easily be integrated into evidence-based, cognitive-behavioral treatments, for both adolescent anxiety disorders (Higa-McMillan et al., 2015) and suicidality (Glenn et al., 2019).”
Wang, L., Xian, X., Hu, J., Liu, M., Cao, Y., Dai, W., Tang, Q., Han, W., Qin, Z., Wang, Z., et al. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36564 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“However, there exists few effective intervention measures for adolescents with SI, and even fewer interventions showed a repetitive effect [7,8].”
BackgroundPsychosocial Treatments for Ethnoculturally Diverse Youth with Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors
Duarté‐Vélez, Y., Vélez‐Grau, C., & Álvarez, K. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-82465-5_19 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Relations parents-adolescents autour des automutilations : une étude qualitative
Spiers, S., Grandclerc, S., Guenolé, F., Moro, M. R., & Lachal, J. (2019) · Neuropsychiatrie de l Enfance et de l Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.neurenf.2019.09.003 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
King, C. A., Harness, J. A., Arango, A., & Czyz, E. K. (2025) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-025-01620-w · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Comprehensive meta-analytic [22, 23] and systematic review [24, 25, 26] studies published in the past decade high-light existing interventions for youth with suicidal ideation or behavior that vary in treatment modality, targets, as well as evidence base supporting their effectiveness.”
Goger, P., Nam, R. J., Lowry, N. J., Bell, K., Parvez, N., Pollak, O. H., Robinaugh, D. J., Schacter, D. L., & Cha, C. B. (2024) · JCPP Advances · doi:10.1002/jcv2.12236 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“…behavior therapy (DBT), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and brief interventions during high risk periods do show promise (Cha et al., 2018; Glenn et al., 2019), meta ‐ analyses have found that treatment efficacy is low and has not improved over the last 50 years overall (Harris et al.,…”
BackgroundMarraccini, M. E., Anonick, R., Delgaty, L. E., Middleton, T. J., Toole, E. N., Ying, J., & Hubal, R. C. (2024) · Psychological Services · doi:10.1037/ser0000874 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Thompson, A. D., Ramasamy, R., Simmons, S., Gurtovenko, K., Caufield, S., Sasser, T. R., Beauchamp, B., & O’Brien, M. (2021) · Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1080/23794925.2021.1981176 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“DBT is currently the leading evidence-based treatment for adolescent self-harm and suicidality (Busby et al., 2020; Glenn et al., 2019).”
BackgroundMeza, J. I., Piña‐Watson, B., Garcia, A., Manzo, G., & Gonzalez, I. M. (2022) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2022.2109039 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“A recent meta-analysis 62 of 26 RCTs aimed at reducing self-injurious thoughts and behaviors among adolescents/emerging adults found that only Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Adolescents (DBT-A) is considered a Well-Established Level 1 intervention (i.e., efficacy demonstrated in two independent…”
Meza, J. I., Godoy, S. M., Nguyen, P. T., Perris, G. E., Barnert, E. S., & Bath, E. P. J. (2023) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106036 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Lee, C. A., Gamino, D., Lore, M. H., Donelson, C., & Windsor, L. C. (2023) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-023-01986-6 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Arango, A., Czyz, E. K., Magness, C. S., Hong, V., Smith, T., Kettley, J., & Foster, C. E. (2023) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.12966 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
- Authors
- Glenn, C. R., Esposito, E. C., Porter, A. C., & Robinson, D. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Rochester (US)
- Corresponding author
- Glenn, Catherine R.
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2019-05-02
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 357-392
- ISSN
- 1537-4416 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-4424
- PMC
- PMC6534465
- OpenAlex
- W4230498762
- Cited by
- 219
- References
- 105
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 6
- FWCI
- 27.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (L30 MH101616)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- self-injurious thoughts and behaviors, self-harm, non-suicidal self-injury, suicidal self-injury, suicidal ideation, youth, psychosocial interventions, dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents, parent training, emotion regulation skills, brief intervention, treatment efficacy
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