CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 291Schizophrenia research and treatmentDementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchMental Health and Psychiatry

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 48 of the 48 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Cognitive Enhancement Therapy for Early-Course Schizophrenia: Effects of a Two-Year Randomized Controlled Trial

Open access
Eack, Shaun M., Greenwald, Deborah P., Hogarty, Susan S., Cooley, Susan J., DiBarry, Ann Louise, Montrose, Debra M., Keshavan, Matcheri S.·2009·Psychiatric Services
DOI 10.1176/ps.2009.60.11.1468PMC PMC3693549
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Objective-The early application of cognitive rehabilitation may afford long-term functional benefits to patients with schizophrenia.This study examined the two-year effects of an integrated neurocognitive and social-cognitive rehabilitation program, cognitive enhancement therapy (CET), on cognitive and functional outcomes in early course schizophrenia.Method-Early course outpatients (mean illness duration = 3.19±2.24years) with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were randomly assigned to CET (n = 31) or enriched supportive therapy (EST) (n = 27), an illness management intervention utilizing psychoeducation and applied coping strategies, and treated for 2 years.Multivariate composite indexes of cognitive, social adjustment, and symptomatology domains were derived from assessment batteries administered annually by computer-based tests and raters not blind to treatment assignment.Results-Of the 58 patients randomized and treated, 49 and 46 completed 1 and 2 years of treatment, respectively.Intent to treat analyses showed significant differential effects favoring CET on social cognition, cognitive style, social adjustment, and symptomatology composites during the first year of treatment.After two years, moderate effects (d = .46)were observed favoring CET at enhancing neurocognitive function.Strong differential effects (d > 1.00) on social cognition, cognitive style, and social adjustment composites remained at year 2, and also extended to measures of symptomatology, particularly negative symptoms.Conclusions-CET appears to be an effective approach to the remediation of cognitive deficits in early schizophrenia that may help reduce disability among this population.The remediation of such deficits should be an integral component of early intervention programs treating psychiatrically stable schizophrenia outpatients.Schizophrenia is a chronic and disabling mental disorder that is characterized by related deficits in cognition, functioning, and adjustment.The significant personal and societal costs of the disorder (1), its frequent deteriorating course (2, 3), and the consistent negative prognosis associated with untreated illness (4), all highlight the importance of early applications of evidence-based interventions to reduce long-term morbidity (5).Cognitive impairments, in particular, are promising targets for early intervention due to their early emergence (6), persistence (7), and contribution to functional outcome (8).Unfortunately,

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1176/ps.2009.60.11.1468

Cites

48 of 48 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Show all 46 references

Research works printed but not linked: 19

  1. Dr, Department of Psychiatry
  2. Culbertson WC, 1996, Zillmer EA: Tower of London-DX manual. Unpublished manuscript
  3. cognitive enhancement therapy
  4. Means WMS-R, Revised Wechsler Memory Scale
  5. Card Sorting Test TOL, Tower of London
  6. Hogarty GE, 2006, Greenwald DP: Cognitive Enhancement Therapy: The Training Manual
  7. First MB, 2002, Research Version, Patient Edition.
  8. Ben-Yishay Y, 1985, Rattok J: A systematic method for ameliorating disorders in basic attention
  9. Bracy OL, 1994, Ind
  10. Wechsler D, 1987, Tex
  11. Delis DC, 1987, Tex
  12. Wechsler D, 1981, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised
  13. Heaton RK, 1993, Fla
  14. Schooler N, 1979, Weissman M
  15. Lipman RS, 1982, Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 18, 69
  16. Eack SM, 2008, Epub Ahead of Print
  17. Selman RL, 1990, Schultz LH: Making a Friend in Youth
  18. Raudenbush DSW, 2002, Thousand Oaks
  19. Dixon WJ, 1968, Technometrics, 10, 83

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 291

Related

Metadata

Authors
Eack, S. M., Greenwald, D. P., Hogarty, S. S., Cooley, S. J., DiBarry, A. L., Montrose, D. M., & Keshavan, M. S.
Affiliations
  • University of Pittsburgh (US)
  • Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author
Keshavan, Matcheri S.
ORCID
Venue
Psychiatric Services
Publisher
American Psychiatric Association Publishing
Published
2009-11
Volume
60
Issue
11
Pages
1468-1476
ISSN
  • 0022-1597 (ISSN-L)
  • 1075-2730
  • 1557-9700
DOI
10.1176/ps.2009.60.11.1468
PMC
PMC3693549
OpenAlex
W2067846071
Cited by
289
References
46
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 30
FWCI
12.95
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Psychiatric Services (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health (MH 79537, MH-60902, R01MH060902, F31MH079537)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
Keywords
cognitive enhancement therapy, schizoaffective disorder, cognitive rehabilitation, neurocognitive function, social cognition, cognitive style, social adaptation, negative symptoms, early intervention, illness management, functional outcome
MeSH terms
Adult, Cognition Disorders, Combined Modality Therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Schizophrenia, Time Factors, Antipsychotic Agents, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review