Political Parties and Uncertainty in Developing Democracies
Abstract
This article lays out a theoretical framework for understanding the effects of political uncertainty on party development and strategies of mobilization and competition. Defining uncertainty as the imprecision with which political actors are able to predict future interactions, the authors identify three types of political uncertainty: regime uncertainty, economic uncertainty, and institutional uncertainty. They argue that political uncertainty is particularly high among developing democracies, contributing to puzzling empirical patterns of party development and competition in these contexts. Taking into account the role of uncertainty in the strategic decision making of party elites will help scholars better understand the differences between parties in advanced and developing democracies. But it can also help scholars understand the less dramatic differences between parties even within advanced democracies. The authors’ theoretical framework can be applied broadly since uncertainty informs the strategic choices of a much wider range of political actors.
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Weak parties make it harder to hold politicians collectively accountable and create greater uncertainty about actors' preferences, time horizons, and commitment to democracy.
“Weak parties make it harder to hold politicians collectively accountable (Moser and Scheiner 2012; Kitschelt et al. 2010), and create greater uncertainty about actors ' preferences, time horizons, and commitment to democracy (Lupu and Riedl 2013; Levitsky 2018; Flores-Macías 2018; Hicken 2016).”
From Parties, Civil Society, and the Deterrence of Democratic Defection (2020) · cites this paper as Lupu and Riedl 2013
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Parties, Civil Society, and the Deterrence of Democratic Defection
Bernhard, M., Hicken, A., Reenock, C., & Lindberg, S. I. (2020) · Studies in Comparative International Development · doi:10.1007/s12116-019-09295-0 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lupu, N., & Riedl, R. B.
- Affiliations
- Fundación Juan March (ES)
- Northwestern University (US)
- Venue
- Comparative Political Studies
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2012-08-30
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1339-1365
- ISSN
- 0010-4140 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-3829
- OpenAlex
- W2161959120
- Cited by
- 178
- References
- 134
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 24.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Comparative Political Studies (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Princeton University
- Northwestern University
- University of Notre Dame
- Kellogg Institute for International Studies, University of Notre Dame
- Center for Advanced Study, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Electoral Systems and Political Participation
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Political Conflict and Governance
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Political Theory and Democracy
- Keywords
- political uncertainty, party development, developing democracies, regime uncertainty, economic uncertainty, institutional uncertainty, party mobilization, party competition, party elites, strategic decision-making, advanced democracies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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