Blocking Learner Error States in a Training-Wheels System
Abstract
Some of the most troubling problems for users of computer equipment arise in the getting started stage. A “training-wheels” system was designed for a commercial word processor in which system functions that new users typically do not need, but which can be springboards for errors and confusions, were disabled. The training-wheels word processor improved learning efficiency in two experiments, one of which examined learning by doing and the other, learning by the book.
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Novice users were able to accomplish tasks significantly faster and with significantly fewer errors than novice users using the full version.
“Novice users were able to accomplish tasks significantly faster and with significantly fewer errors than novice users using the full version [Carroll & Carrithers, 1984].”
From A field evaluation of an adaptable two-interface design for feature-rich software (2007) · cites this paper as Carroll & Carrithers, 1984
Our participants did not perceive that minimalist interfaces provide scaffolding for learning; we saw no general perception of a Training Wheels effect.
“Our participants certainly did not perceive that minimalist interfaces provide scaffolding for learning; we saw no general perception of a Training Wheels effect [Carroll & Carrithers, 1984].”
From A field evaluation of an adaptable two-interface design for feature-rich software (2007) · cites this paper as Carroll & Carrithers, 1984
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- Authors
- Carroll, J. M., & Carrithers, C.
- Affiliations
- IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- ORCID
- Carroll, John M.
- Venue
- Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1984-08
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 377-389
- ISSN
- 0018-7208 (ISSN-L)
- 1547-8181
- OpenAlex
- W2553709183
- Cited by
- 132
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 7.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Usability and User Interface Design
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Human Resource Development and Performance Evaluation
- Keywords
- word processing software, novice users, getting started, learning efficiency, hands-on learning, learning from instruction, user interface design
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