Oral Health and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes – What’s Next?
Open accessAbstract
Studies on the link between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcome have gone through several phases. The epidemiological studies predominantly support a positive association between these wide-affecting diseases. During the intervention phase, a few small-scale, single-center studies reported improvement of birth outcome following periodontal treatment, whereas the large-scale multi-center studies did not demonstrate efficacy. Many questions arise with regard to patient population, disease type, and therapy. In addressing these questions, it is crucial that one understands the mechanism underlying the link between these diseases. Two non-mutually exclusive hypotheses exist. In the first, periodontal disease is believed to affect the maternal and fetal immune responses systemically, leading to premature labor. Alternatively, evidence is accumulating that oral bacteria may translocate directly into the pregnant uterus, causing localized inflammation and adverse pregnancy outcome in the presence or absence of clinical periodontitis. The oral-uterine transmission is not limited to the well-recognized periodontal pathogens, but instead may also involve the commensal species. Future studies should investigate these mechanisms, to understand the host susceptibility to oral-uterine transmission. Only when a thorough understanding of the mechanism is achieved can meaningful intervention studies be designed utilizing effective therapies, targeting appropriate populations, and measuring relevant outcomes.
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Pathogenic bacteria from the oral cavity found at various sites within the uterus are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm delivery and preeclampsia.
“Pathogenic bacteria from the oral cavity found at various sites within the uterus are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm delivery and preeclampsia.113, 114, 115”
From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [114]
Studies investigating the placental microbiome to understand its role in preterm pregnancies have identified bacteria associated with periodontal disease, suggesting a relationship between the oral and placental microbiomes.
“Studies investigating the placental microbiome to understand its role in preterm pregnancies have identified bacteria associated with periodontal disease, suggesting a relationship between the oral and placental microbiomes.113, 114, 115, 116”
From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [114]
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- Authors
- Han, Y. W.
- Affiliations
- Case Western Reserve University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Han, Y.W.
- ORCID
- Han, Y.W.
- Venue
- Journal of Dental Research
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2010-11-01
- Volume
- 90
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 289-293
- ISSN
- 0022-0345 (ISSN-L)
- 1544-0591
- PMC
- PMC3144105
- OpenAlex
- W2064522421
- Cited by
- 133
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 1.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Dental Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R21 DE17165, K02DE016102, KO2DE16102, R01DE014924, R21DE017165, R01DE14924)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Preterm Birth and Chorioamnionitis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Keywords
- periodontal disease, adverse pregnancy outcomes, preterm birth, periodontal treatment, oral bacteria, periodontitis, host susceptibility
- MeSH terms
- Clinical Trials as Topic, Female, Humans, Maternal-Fetal Exchange, Oral Health, Periodontitis, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Pregnancy Outcome, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Premature Birth
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