A comparative study of two scales for foreign language classroom enjoyment

Jin, Yinxing; Zhang, Lawrence Jun

doi:10.1177/0031512519864471

Cited by 83EFL/ESL Teaching and LearningPsychometric Methodologies and TestingSecond Language Learning and Teaching

A comparative study of two scales for foreign language classroom enjoyment

Jin, Yinxing, Zhang, Lawrence Jun·2019·Perceptual and Motor Skills

DOI 10.1177/0031512519864471

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Abstract

This article reports on a study that tested Jin and Zhang's Chinese version of the Foreign Language Enjoyment Scale for classroom learning through confirmatory factor analysis and compared the resulting scale with Li, Jiang, and Dewaele's 11-item scale. Four hundred five Chinese first language senior high school students of English in years 1–3 participated in this study. We found that Jin and Zhang's version of the Foreign Language Enjoyment Scale could be reduced to a 16-item scale that preserved the same factor structure as the original scale. This revised 16-item scale showed a more solid dimensional division and better psychometric properties than Li et al.'s scale. We discussed our findings in relation to the scale's wider application for improving foreign language teaching and learning.

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Recently, many studies on FLE have been conducted from different perspectives including scale development, expansion of the FLE nomological network, individual focus, and longitudinal orientation.
“However, it should be noted that recently, many studies on FLE have been conducted from different perspectives including scale development, expansion of FLE nomological network, individual focus, and longitudinal orientation (Elahi Shirvan and Taherian, 2018; Elahi Shirvan and Talebzadeh, 2018, 2020; Jin and Zhang, 2019; Elahi Shirvan et al., 2020, 2021; Talebzadeh et al., 2020).”
From Researching and Practicing Positive Psychology in Second/Foreign Language Learning and Teaching: The Past, Current Status and Future Directions (2021) · cites this paper as Jin and Zhang, 2019
Enjoyment, as an instance of positive achievement emotion, can help learners build resources for better language learning, broaden their perspectives, and increase their engagement in the language learning process.
“MacIntyre and Gregersen (2012) introduced the concept of foreign language enjoyment (FLE), arguing that enjoyment, as an instance of positive achievement emotion (Pekrun, 2006), can help learners build resources for better language learning, broaden their perspectives, and increase their engagement in the language learning process (Jin and Zhang, 2019).”
From Researching and Practicing Positive Psychology in Second/Foreign Language Learning and Teaching: The Past, Current Status and Future Directions (2021) · cites this paper as Jin and Zhang, 2019

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InfluentialSelf-citation
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“Additionally, higher levels of FLE were reported to be correlated with more willingness to communicate in foreign language classroom (Dewaele and Dewaele, 2018), boosted or more sustainable learner engagement in the language learning process (Jin and Zhang, 2019; Dewaele and Li, 2020; Mercer and Dörnyei, 2020; Guo, 20…”
Background
The Psychometric Validation of Turkish Versions of Four Scales: The Foreign Language Enjoyment, Peace of Mind, Boredom, and Classroom Anxiety Scales
Yeşilçınar, S., Dewaele, J., & Erdemir, N. (2025) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.1177/00315125241280333 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Several studies presented validations of short translated or adapted versions of the FLES (Ayd ı n et al., 2024; Jin & Zhang, 2019; Li et al., 2018).”
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“Similarly, Jin and Zhang ’ s (2019, 2021) studies, using Chinese senior high school students of English, also uncovered three dimensions that under-pinned foreign language classroom enjoyment (i.e., Enjoyment of Teacher Support, Enjoyment of Student Support, and Enjoyment of Foreign Language…”
Self-citation
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“Jin and Zhang (2019) declared that enjoyment can cause engagement in learning contexts and increasing social-behavioral learning engagement.”
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“Within the field of TESOL or applied linguistics broadly defined, research into affective experiences has recently expanded, showing that positive emotions play a significant role in EFL learning (Jiang and Dewaele, 2019; Jin and Zhang, 2018, 2019; Prior, 2019; Zhang LJ et al., 2022).”
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“Most studies on FLE have been limited in focus to its measurement and to its difference from foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA) (Dewaele et al., 2018; Jin & Zhang, 2019; Li, Zhao, et al., 2018; Wang, Wang, et al., 2021).”
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Jiang, A. L., Ke, S., Liang, J., Jin, Y., & Zhang, S. (2025) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.1177/00315125251325588 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“…have been related to the use of effective learning strategies (Shen et al., 2023), and may bolster motivation and engagement (Jin & Qin, 2024; Jin & Zhang, 2019; Liu, 2022), they may also lead to deactivation, reducing the immediate motivation to continue academic work and potentially…”
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Effect of English Learning Perception and Foreign Language Enjoyment on Students’ Well-Being at State Junior High School Number 3 Satap Sejangkung
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“There is a growing focus in the field of language education on a specific kind of positive emotion known as L2 learning delight, as proposed by (Jin & Zhang, 2019; Li et al., 2018).”
Background
Foreign Language Learning in Older Age from the Perspective of Positive Psychology
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“The same authors also revised and refined the Chinese version of the Foreign Language Enjoyment Scale and claimed the new 16-item scale showed a more solid dimensional division and better psychometric properties than Li et al.’s (2019) s cale (Jin & Zhang, 2019).”
Conclusions, Implications and Reconsiderations
Mierzwa-Kamińska, E. (2025) · Second language learning and teaching · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-86122-2_6
Introduction
Mierzwa-Kamińska, E. (2025) · Second language learning and teaching · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-86122-2_1
Estímulos emocionales en el contexto de aprendizaje y su efecto en la memoria léxica
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“Jin and Zhang [41] also put forward a parallel model dividing FLE into three dimensions: English learning, teacher support, and student support.”
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Ying, B., Yu, X., Wei, M., Liu, Y., Wang, X., Geng, Y.-B., & Chen, S. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1922753
“ECE was assessed using the established Chinese version of the Foreign Language Classroom Enjoyment Scale developed and validated by Jin and Zhang (2019).”
Psychometric properties of the short version of the Foreign Language Learning Enjoyment Scale in the Classroom (EDALEC) in Peruvian youth
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A Review of Foreign Language Enjoyment Research: Retrospect and Prospect
Ma, S., & Xiao, G. (2026) · International Journal of Education and Humanities · doi:10.54097/ra1mxa76
“Existing studies have developed general, localised, short-form, and skill-specific measures [5, 6, 14].”
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Wang, X., & Qi, Z. (2026) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.107789
Associations Among Perceived Teacher and Peer Emotions, Learners’ Own Emotions, and Engagement in Online English Learning
Luo, W. (2026) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/13621688261490467

Understanding Chinese high school students’ Foreign Language Enjoyment: Validation of the Chinese version of the Foreign Language Enjoyment scale
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The Dimensions of the Foreign Language Enjoyment Scale: A Validation Study
Jang, S. Y., & Choi, S. (2023) · Studies in English Education · doi:10.22275/see.28.4.03
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Jin, Y., Jiang, A. L., & Liu, H. (2026) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.107400 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citation
Construction and validation of the foreign language learning enjoyment scale
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Examining Chinese university students’ English speaking enjoyment: Scale development and validation
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Self-citation

Authors: Jin, Y., & Zhang, L. J.
Affiliations: Hainan Normal University (CN)
University of Auckland (NZ)
Corresponding author: Jin, Yinxing
ORCID: Jin, Yinxing
Zhang, Lawrence Jun
Venue: Perceptual and Motor Skills
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2019-07-25
Volume: 126
Issue: 5
Pages: 1024-1041
ISSN: 0031-5125 (ISSN-L)
1558-688X
DOI: 10.1177/0031512519864471
OpenAlex: W2966310913
Cited by: 83
References: 26
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2
FWCI: 34.28
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Perceptual and Motor Skills (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
ResearchSpace (University of Auckland) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Hainan Normal University (The Zhu Fei Project (2010124#))
Topics: Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Literature and Literary Theory › Second Language Learning and Teaching
Keywords: scale validation, scale reduction, psychometric properties, factor structure, English as a foreign language, Chinese high school students, foreign language teaching and learning
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Emotions, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Language, Language Arts, Learning, Male, Psychometrics, Students, Teaching, Pleasure

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A comparative study of two scales for foreign language classroom enjoyment

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