Cited by 109School Choice and PerformanceEducational Outcomes and InfluencesEarly Childhood Education and Development

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Surprising new evidence on summer learning loss

Kuhfeld, Megan·2019·Phi Delta Kappan

DOI 10.1177/0031721719871560

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

It has been common knowledge for decades that poor and working-class students tend to experience “summer learning loss,” a drop in performance between spring and fall that serves to widen the gap between students. However, new research shows that the reality of summer learning loss is more complex. Megan Kuhfeld draws on data from the 3.4 million students who took the NWEA MAP Growth assessments to find that summer slide is common, but not inevitable. According to the data, the students who experienced the greatest loss were those who made the greatest gains during the previous school year. The research also calls into question about the usual explanations for learning loss, such as access to summer programs and length of the school year.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1177/0031721719871560

Cites

8 of 8 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The Effects of Summer Vacation on Achievement Test Scores: A Narrative and Meta-Analytic Review
Cooper, H., Nye, B., Charlton, K., Lindsay, J., & Greathouse, S. (1996) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543066003227 · Cited by 991
Lasting Consequences of the Summer Learning Gap
Alexander, K. L., Entwisle, D. R., & Olson, L. S. (2007) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/000312240707200202 · Cited by 763
Inequality in Reading and Math Skills Forms Mainly before Kindergarten: A Replication, and Partial Correction, of “Are Schools the Great Equalizer?”
von Hippel, P. T., Workman, J., & Downey, D. B. (2018) · Sociology of Education · doi:10.1177/0038040718801760 · Cited by 214
The Effects of Summer Reading on Low-Income Children’s Literacy Achievement From Kindergarten to Grade 8: A Meta-Analysis of Classroom and Home Interventions
Kim, J. S., & Quinn, D. M. (2013) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/0034654313483906 · Cited by 213 · cited 1×
“Other studies have found summer reading programs to be effective, particularly for low-income students (see Kim & Quinn, 2013, for a review), but these programs tend to be costly and often struggle to recruit and retain students and high-quality teachers.”
Background
Extending the School Day or School Year
Patall, E. A., Cooper, H. M., & Allen, A. B. (2010) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/0034654310377086 · Cited by 197
Do test score gaps grow before, during, or between the school years?: Measurement artifacts and what we can know in spite of them
von Hippel, P., & Hamrock, C. (2019) · Sociological Science · doi:10.15195/v6.a3 · Cited by 149 · cited 1×
“Further, recent research (von Hippel & Hamrock, 2019) points out flaws in the testing and scaling procedures used V101 N1 kappanonline.org 27 has been in school prior to testing.”
Method
The Summer Slide: What We Know and Can Do about Summer Learning Loss.
Alexander, K. L., Pitcock, S., & Boulay, M. (2016) · Teachers College Press eBooks · Cited by 78
Learning from Summer: Effects of Voluntary Summer Learning Programs on Low-Income Urban Youth
Augustine, C. H., McCombs, J. S., Pane, J. F., Schwartz, H. L., Schweig, J. D., McEachin, A. J., & Siler-Evans, K. (2016) · RAND Corporation eBooks · doi:10.7249/rr1557 · Cited by 53

Show all 8 references

Research works printed but not linked: 4

Entwisle D.R., 2000, A nation at risk: Preserving public education as an engine for social mobility, 9
Kuhfeld M., Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness
Redford J., 2018, The summer after kindergarten: Children’s experiences by socioeconomic characteristics
Quinn D., 2017, Summer learning loss: What is it, and what can we do about it?

Sorted by citations

Learning loss due to school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic
Engzell, P., Frey, A., & Verhagen, M. D. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2022376118 · Cited by 1,848
“∗ Although early influential studies also found that summer is a time when socioeconomic learning gaps widen, this finding has failed to replicate in more recent studies (8, 9) or in European samples (48, 49).”
Projecting the Potential Impact of COVID-19 School Closures on Academic Achievement
Kuhfeld, M., Soland, J., Tarasawa, B., Johnson, A., Ruzek, E., & Liu, J. (2020) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x20965918 · Cited by 997
Self-citation
Learning loss due to school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic
Engzell, P., Frey, A., & Verhagen, M. D. (2020) · doi:10.31235/osf.io/ve4z7 · Cited by 1,739
Estimation of the fundamental learning loss and learning poverty related to COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico
Hevia, F. J., Vergara-Lope, S., Velásquez-Durán, A., & Calderón, D. (2022) · International Journal of Educational Development · doi:10.1016/j.ijedudev.2021.102515 · Cited by 158
Learning disruption or learning loss: using evidence from unplanned closures to inform returning to school after COVID-19
Harmey, S. J., & Moss, G. (2021) · Educational Review · doi:10.1080/00131911.2021.1966389 · Cited by 165
Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi sebagai Inovasi pembelajaran
Amalia, K., Rasyad, I., & Gunawan, A. (2023) · Journal Of Education And Teaching Learning (JETL) · doi:10.51178/jetl.v5i2.1351 · Cited by 65
A Covid-19 e a volta às aulas: ouvindo as evidências
Oliveira, J. B. A. E., Gomes, M., & Barcellos, T. (2020) · Ensaio Avaliação e Políticas Públicas em Educação · doi:10.1590/s0104-40362020002802885 · Cited by 58
Освітні втрати в період воєнного стану: проблеми діагностики та компенсації
Топузов, О. М., Головко, М., & Локшина, О. (2023) · Ukrainian Educational Journal · doi:10.32405/2411-1317-2023-1-5-13 · Cited by 51
When Does Inequality Grow? A Seasonal Analysis of Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Learning From Kindergarten Through Eighth Grade
Kuhfeld, M. R., Condron, D. J., & Downey, D. B. (2020) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x20977854 · Cited by 51
Self-citation
COVID-19, school closures, and student learning outcomes. New global evidence from PISA
Jakubowski, M., Gajderowicz, T., & Patrinos, H. A. (2025) · npj Science of Learning · doi:10.1038/s41539-025-00297-3 · Cited by 65
School Attendance and Academic Achievement: Understanding Variation across Family Socioeconomic Status
Klein, M., & Sosu, E. (2023) · Sociology of Education · doi:10.1177/00380407231191541 · Cited by 47
Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Student Learning and Opportunity Gaps Across the 2020–2021 School Year: A National Survey of Teachers
Namkung, J. M., Goodrich, J. M., Hebert, M., & Koziol, N. (2022) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2022.921497 · Cited by 31
Covid-19 school closures negatively impacted elementary-school students’ reading comprehension and reading fluency skills
Starling‐Alves, I., Hirata, G., & Oliveira, J. B. A. E. (2023) · International Journal of Educational Development · doi:10.1016/j.ijedudev.2023.102753 · Cited by 30
Findings on Summer Learning Loss Often Fail to Replicate, Even in Recent Data
Workman, J. B., von Hippel, P. T., & Merry, J. J. (2023) · Sociological Science · doi:10.15195/v10.a8 · Cited by 25
Schools as Refractors: Comparing Summertime and School-Year Skill Inequality Trajectories
Condron, D. J., Downey, D. B., & Kuhfeld, M. R. (2021) · Sociology of Education · doi:10.1177/00380407211041542 · Cited by 22
Self-citation
Curriculum response to the crisis
Charland, P., Martineau, M. D., Gadais, T., Arvisais, O., Turgeon, N., Vinuesa, V., & Cyr, S. (2021) · Prospects · doi:10.1007/s11125-020-09526-6 · Cited by 22
Analisis Pemanfaatan e-Learning di Masa Pandemi (Studi Kepustakaan: Learning Loss pada Peserta Didik)
Rhamdan, D., Kule, A., & Wahid, S. M. A. (2021) · JURNAL PENDIDIKAN DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN · doi:10.47668/pkwu.v9i2.263 · Cited by 20
Students home alone—profiles of internal and external conditions associated with mathematics learning from home
Hofer, S. I., Reinhold, F., & Koch, M. (2022) · European Journal of Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s10212-021-00590-w · Cited by 26
Self Awareness and Mitigation of Learning Loss on Students' Science Learning Outcomes During the Covid 19 Pandemic
Simal, F., Mahulauw, D., Leasa, M., & Batlolona, J. R. (2022) · Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA · doi:10.29303/jppipa.v8i1.1172 · Cited by 18
Schools as a Relatively Standardizing Institution: The Case of Gender Gaps in Cognitive Skills
Downey, D. B., Kuhfeld, M. R., & van Hek, M. (2022) · Sociology of Education · doi:10.1177/00380407211070319 · Cited by 20
Self-citation
Summer learning loss: review of research and implications for remediation of post-pandemic learning loss
Gierczyk, M., & Hornby, G. (2023) · Preventing School Failure Alternative Education for Children and Youth · doi:10.1080/1045988x.2023.2204823 · Cited by 15
Longitudinal impact of interactive science activities: Developing, implementing, and validating a graphing integration inventory
Boda, P. A., Bathia, S., & Linn, M. C. (2020) · Journal of Research in Science Teaching · doi:10.1002/tea.21653 · Cited by 14
“Now We’re All Family”: Exploring Social and Emotional Development in a Summer Hip Hop Mixtape Camp
Travis, R., Levy, I., & Morphew, A. C. (2022) · Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10560-022-00821-z · Cited by 13
The Real Learning Loss: A Lost Opportunity to Reimagine Schooling
Robbins, K., & Cipollone, K. (2023) · Educational Studies · doi:10.1080/00131946.2023.2169695 · Cited by 12
Measuring learning losses from delayed return to school: Evidence from Mexico
Székely, M., Flores-Ceceña, I., Hevia, F., & Calderón, D. (2024) · International Journal of Educational Development · doi:10.1016/j.ijedudev.2024.102998 · Cited by 13
A multi-state, student-level analysis of the effects of the four-day school week on student achievement and growth
Morton, E., Thompson, P. N., & Kuhfeld, M. R. (2024) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2024.102524 · Cited by 12
Self-citation
The Other Side of the Coin – A Call to Investigate the Influence of Reduced Levels of Physical Activity on Children’s Cognition
Herold, F., Ludyga, S., Mavilidi, M. F., Benzing, V., Vazou, S., Tomporowski, P. D., & Pesce, C. (2025) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-025-10031-5 · Cited by 13
Exploratory data analysis to reveal learning loss condition in Islamic religious education
Mulyana, R., & Maylawati, D. S. (2023) · International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) · doi:10.11591/ijere.v13i1.26344 · Cited by 11
Rezago de aprendizajes básicos y brecha digital en el contexto de COVID-19 en México
Hevia, F., & Vergara-Lope, S. (2022) · Perfiles Educativos · doi:10.22201/iisue.24486167e.2022.176.60478 · Cited by 10
Learning loss experience and control motive by Zillennial generation in Indonesia
Parahita, B. N., Astutik, D., Ghufronudin, G., & Yuhastina, Y. (2023) · International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) · doi:10.11591/ijere.v12i1.23824 · Cited by 10
The Dynamic Effects of a Summer Learning Program on Behavioral Engagement in School
Pyne, J., Messner, E., & Dee, T. S. (2021) · Education Finance and Policy · doi:10.1162/edfp_a_00368 · Cited by 11
A Seasonal Dynamic Measurement Model for Summer Learning Loss
McNeish, D., & Dumas, D. (2020) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (Statistics in Society) · doi:10.1111/rssa.12634 · Cited by 9
LEARNING LOSSES: THE COMPLEXITY OF PROBLEM IN THE CONTEXT OF WAR IN UKRAINE
Топузов, О. М., Lokshyna, O., & Holovko, M. (2024) · Education Modern Discourses · doi:10.37472/2617-3107-2023-6-01 · Cited by 8
Formative evaluation of a STEAM and nutrition education summer program for low-income youth
Potvin, J., Chappell, K., Balestracci, K., Greene, G. W., Sweetman, S., & Amin, S. A. (2023) · Evaluation and Program Planning · doi:10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2023.102255 · Cited by 8
The Challenges of Learning Loss in English Language Learning at Islamic Higher Education in the Post Pandemic
Susanto, S. (2022) · Script Journal Journal of Linguistic and English Teaching · doi:10.24903/sj.v7i01.1076 · Cited by 8
Examining the Learning Losses of Students in the Covid-19 Process According to Teachers’ Opinions
Demir, F., Özdaş, F., & ÇAKMAK, M. (2022) · International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies · doi:10.52380/ijpes.2022.9.4.978 · Cited by 8
Rethinking children’s right to leisure during school holidays
Chambers, S., Smillie, S., & Watson, N. (2023) · Annals of Leisure Research · doi:10.1080/11745398.2023.2250473 · Cited by 8
The effects of language preference and home resources on foundational literacy retention during school holiday closures in Ghana: Lessons from the Complementary Basic Education Programme
Akyeampong, K., Carter, E., Rose, P. M., Ryan, J., Sabatés, R., & Stern, J. M. B. (2021) · Prospects · doi:10.1007/s11125-021-09590-6 · Cited by 7
Reproducing or Reducing Inequality? The Case of Summer Learning Programs
Davies, S., Aurini, J., & Hillier, C. (2022) · Canadian Journal of Education / Revue canadienne de l éducation · doi:10.53967/cje-rce.5311 · Cited by 7
The Impact of Post-Pandemic Learning Loss on Education Development: A Systematic Review
Aguaded, I., Vizcaíno-Verdú, A., García-Prieto, V., & Moreno, P. D. C. (2023) · Review of Communication Research · doi:10.52152/rcr.v11.7 · Cited by 6
Impacts of School Entry Age on Academic Growth through 2nd Grade: A Multi-State Regression Discontinuity Analysis
Johnson, A., & Kuhfeld, M. R. (2021) · Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness · doi:10.1080/19345747.2021.1894519 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
Stoichiometry understanding of upper secondary students through active science learning
Wannomai, M., Nuangchalerm, P., & Islami, R. A. Z. E. (2024) · Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn) · doi:10.11591/edulearn.v18i4.20962 · Cited by 5
Effect of Summer Vacation on Learning Loss in Mathematics: A Meta-Analysis of the Findings
Baş, G. (2023) · Yaşadıkça Eğitim · doi:10.33308/26674874.2023372572 · Cited by 5
Activating prior knowledge using multiple‐choice question distractors
Schimmelfing, L. C., & Persky, A. M. (2020) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/medu.14162 · Cited by 5
A Study into Learning Losses of Preschool Children in Covid-19 Pandemic
Kurupınar, A., & KANMAZ, T. (2023) · Journal of Qualitative Research in Education · doi:10.14689/enad.35.1569 · Cited by 7
Lockdown, Homeschooling und Social Distancing – der Zweitspracherwerb unter akut veränderten Bedingungen der COVID-19-Pandemie
Gamper, J., Hövelbrinks, B., Schlauch, J., & Verlag, N. F. A. (2021) · Gunter Narr Verlag eBooks · doi:10.24053/9783823394945 · Cited by 5
Efectos de cursos remediales de lectura y matemáticas en logro y desigualdades educativos durante la Covid-19 en México
Hevia, F., & Vergara-Lope, S. (2022) · IE Revista de Investigación Educativa de la REDIECH · doi:10.33010/ie_rie_rediech.v13i0.1536 · Cited by 5
Defining learning loss in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic
Gage, N. A., MacSuga‐Gage, A. S., Crawley, W. R., & Morse, T. E. (2023) · Preventing School Failure Alternative Education for Children and Youth · doi:10.1080/1045988x.2023.2204826 · Cited by 5
Knowledge-making in a crisis: English education during and after Covid-19
Moss, G. (2025) · Oxford Review of Education · doi:10.1080/03054985.2025.2538478 · Cited by 4
Dual Language Education and Academic Growth
Johnson, A. (2024) · Teachers College Record The Voice of Scholarship in Education · doi:10.1177/01614681241244934 · Cited by 4
The effect of school closures on standardized test scores: Evidence under zero-COVID policies
Gillitzer, C., & Prasad, N. (2024) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2024.102577 · Cited by 3
Second Language Proficiency and Academic Performance in English-Medium Instruction: A Study at a Sino-Foreign University in China
Gan, S. K., Li, B., Qian, C., Tang, A., Zhu, H., & Zhang, Q. (2025) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440251395865 · Cited by 3
STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS OF COMPENSATION FOR EDUCATIONAL LOSSES UNDER MARTIAL LAW THROUGH THE PRISM OF ENSURING THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION
Iliichuk, L., & KHYZHNІAK, I. A. (2025) · Problems of engineer-pedagogical education · doi:10.26565/2074-8922-2025-84-02 · Cited by 3
LEARNING LOSSES AMONG STUDENTS OF GENERAL SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN UKRAINE AS A CONSEQUENCE OF UNPREDICTABLE GLOBAL CHALLENGES: CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES
Топузов, О. М., Malykhin, O. V., Арістова, Н., Калініна, Л. М., & Mosiakova, I. (2024) · SOCIETY INTEGRATION EDUCATION Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference · doi:10.17770/sie2024vol1.7915 · Cited by 3
Impacts of Covid-19 on primary and secondary school students: A case study in Quebec
Martineau, M. D., Charland, P., Skelling-Desmeules, Y., Bruyère, M.-H., Arvisais, O., Bluteau, J., Plante, I., Cyr, S., Gadais, T., Dion, É., et al. (2024) · Prospects · doi:10.1007/s11125-024-09703-x · Cited by 3
Households’ level considerations in the vulnerability to potential learning loss among school children in Ghana
Ansah, F., Abreh, M. K., Agbevanu, W. K., Bosu, R. S., Alhassan, A. J., Mills, C. A., & Nyame, G. (2023) · Equity in Education & Society · doi:10.1177/27526461231194787 · Cited by 3
Educational process in wartime conditions and post-war recovery of Ukraine with integration into the European community
(2024) · doi:10.32405/mono-lomza-kyiv-2024 · Cited by 2
Reaching Students with Reading Disabilities During the Summer
Christodoulou, J. A., Azor, A. M., & Marks, R. A. (2023) · Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1177/23727322231220636 · Cited by 2
The unified state examination in mathematics in urban and rural schools: The impact of the 2020-2021 pandemic
Korshunova, O. V., Telegina, N. V., Petrova, L. A., Pashanova, O. V., Latysheva, V. V., & Prokopyev, A. I. (2024) · Eurasia Journal of Mathematics Science and Technology Education · doi:10.29333/ejmste/14240 · Cited by 2
STEM Play & Learn: A Summer Family Learning Programme in Socio-Economically Disadvantaged Communities
Alcala, A., Bleach, J., O'Neill, J., Kane, T., Hennessy-McCann, E., Booth, J., Darmody, K., Pathak, P., & Stynes, P. (2024) · IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE) · doi:10.1109/fie61694.2024.10893101 · Cited by 2
Compared to What? A Realist Defense of Business School
Brennan, J. (2022) · Palgrave debates in business and management · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-12725-0_14 · Cited by 2
ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЯ ІНКЛЮЗИВНОГО ОСВІТНЬОГО ПРОСТОРУ У КОНТЕКСТІ КОМПЕНСАЦІЇ ОСВІТНІХ ВТРАТ МОЛОДШИХ ШКОЛЯРІВ З ООП
Товстоган, В., Tsehelnyk, T. M., & Слатвінська, А. (2023) · Молодь і ринок · doi:10.24919/2308-4634.2023.282840 · Cited by 2
Can Dialogic Narratives and Discourse Engage Online Learners?
Cook, R. G. (2023) · Participatory Educational Research · doi:10.17275/per.23.72.10.5 · Cited by 2
The growth trajectories of oral and silent word reading fluency before and after COVID-19
Georgiou, G. K., Inoue, T., McMann, M., McKenzie, S., & Parrila, R. (2025) · Learning and Instruction · doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2025.102105 · Cited by 2
Global Inclination of Learning Poverty: A Bibliometric Analysis of a Decade of Published Literature (2014-2023)
Pek, L. S., Yob, F. S. C., Mee, R. W. M., Von, W. Y., Nallisamy, V., Lemana, H. E., & Camara, J. S. (2025) · European Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.12973/eu-jer.14.4.1277 · Cited by 2
Guest Editorial: Do We Dare Listen?
Bullock, E. C., & Grant, C. A. (2021) · Multicultural Perspectives · doi:10.1080/15210960.2021.1982355 · Cited by 2
The effects of kindergarten and first grade schooling on children’s executive function and academic skill development: Evidence from a school cutoff designPreprint
Kim, M. H., Ahmed, S. F., & Morrison, F. J. (2020) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/b753d · Cited by 2
Delayed learning to read and write during the COVID-19 pandemic: longitudinal study of the heterogeneous effects on all first graders in FrancePreprint
Heidmann, L., Neirac, L., Andreu, S., Conceicao, P., Etève, Y., Fabre, M., & Vourc’h, R. (2023) · doi:10.31235/osf.io/qn9a8 · Cited by 2
Öğretmen Görüşlerine Göre Pandemi Döneminde Bilişim Teknolojileri Dersinde Öğrenme Kayıpları
Bozkurt, B. (2023) · SOCIAL MENTALITY AND RESEARCHER THINKERS JOURNAL · doi:10.29228/smryj.73186 · Cited by 1
A synthesis of the effects of summer interventions on secondary students with or at-risk of reading difficulties
Dille, J. T., Capin, P., Daniel, J., Dille, E. A., & Cahill, A. S. (2025) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2025.1612484 · Cited by 1
Identifikasi Learning Loss Pasca Pandemi Covid-19 pada Mata Pelajaran Matematika Siswa Kelas XI di MAN 1 Sintang
Gunawan, D. A. M., Hamdani, H., & Bistari, B. (2024) · AS-SABIQUN · doi:10.36088/assabiqun.v6i1.4154 · Cited by 1
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the cognitive and non-cognitive skills of elementary school students
Asakawa, S., & Ohtake, F. (2025) · Japanese Economic Review · doi:10.1007/s42973-025-00218-4 · Cited by 1
Covid-19 slide in education increases inequities: insights into teachers’ perceptions of students’ academic development
Woltran, F., Lindner, K., & Schwab, S. (2025) · Educational Studies · doi:10.1080/03055698.2025.2551355 · Cited by 1
Cognition varies across the calendar year in multiple large-scale datasets
Keller, A. S., Shetty, A., Barzilay, R., Calkins, M. E., Chong, Y. S., Dave, N., Fair, D. A., Gluckman, P. D., Gur, R. E., Gur, R. C., et al. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2506054122 · Cited by 1
Establishing a context for the examination of learning loss by special populations
Horn, A. L., Layden, S. J., Morse, T. E., & Habib, A. (2023) · Preventing School Failure Alternative Education for Children and Youth · doi:10.1080/1045988x.2023.2204816 · Cited by 1
Ridurre le disuguaglianze sociali e culturali fin dai primi anni di vita. Buone prassi di contrasto alla povertà educativa negli Spazi Mamme di Roma e Brindisi
Vandini, C. D., Lazzari, A., & Cosatti, A. (2022) · Rivista Italiana di Educazione Familiare · doi:10.36253/rief-12241 · Cited by 1
STRENGTHENING THE POTENTIAL OF THE HISTORY TEXTBOOK ACHIEVING MANDATORY LEARNING OUTCOMES
Пометун, О. І., & Гупан, Н. (2024) · doi:10.32405/mono-lomza-kyiv-2024-2-4 · Cited by 1
Learning losses experienced by disadvantaged primary school students in rural areas during school closure
Kızıltaş, Y., & GÖNÜLAL, H. (2025) · Rural Society · doi:10.1080/10371656.2025.2477389 · Cited by 1
Scars of pandemics from lost schooling and experience: aggregate implications and gender differences through the lens of COVID-19
Romer, P., Samaniego, R. M., Jedwab, R., & Islam, A. M. (2024) · Journal of Economic Growth · doi:10.1007/s10887-024-09246-y · Cited by 1
FORMATIVE EVALUATION OF A STEAM AND NUTRITION EDUCATION SUMMER PROGRAM FOR LOW-INCOME YOUTH
Potvin, J. (2021) · doi:10.23860/thesis-potvin-jacquelyn-2021 · Cited by 1
Pour une éducation en temps de pandémie
Arvisais, O., Martineau, M. D., & Charland, P. (2020) · La Revue de Santé Scolaire et Universitaire · doi:10.1016/j.revssu.2020.12.009
Identification and remediation of students’ disadvantages due to COVID-19
Laborda, J. G., Umaima, K. S., & Labrador, I. S. (2021) · New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences · doi:10.18844/prosoc.v8i2.6158
Estimating Causal Effects of Summer Programs on Early Numeracy: A Canadian, Multi-Site, Quasi-Experiment
Davies, S., & McKerrow, M. (2022) · Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk (JESPAR) · doi:10.1080/10824669.2022.2084740
Le projet LIAM pour favoriser le développement du vocabulaire de l’élève ayant un trouble du langage oral durant l’été
Chapleau, N. (2024) · SHS Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/shsconf/202419110007
Évaluation d’un camp de littératie pour contrer la perte d’apprentissage estivale
Papı, C., Desjardins, G., & Kaboré, T. P. (2023) · Mesure et évaluation en éducation · doi:10.7202/1113332ar
An Effective Interprofessional Collaboration to Support African Refugee Students' Oral and Written Language and Social Integration
Karasinski, C., & Niu-Cooper, R. (2024) · Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups · doi:10.1044/2024_persp-24-00023
STRATEGIES FOR COMPENSATING AND OVERCOME EDUCATIONAL LOSSES UNDER CONDITIONS OF UNPREDICTABLE IMPACTS
Головко, М. В. (2024) · doi:10.32405/mono-lomza-kyiv-2024-3-1
REGULATORY AND LEGAL PROVISION OF THE MANAGEMENT OF GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS OF UKRAINE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE STATE OF MARTIAL AND POST-WAR RECONSTRUCTION
Chyzhevskyi, B., & Ророvich, L. (2024) · doi:10.32405/mono-lomza-kyiv-2024-1-4
Ukraińska tradycja tworzenia podręczników jako element ogólnoeuropejskiego dziedzictwa edukacyjnego
Топузов, О. М. (2024) · doi:10.32405/mono-lomza-kyiv-2024-2-1
Modern textbook of the educational subject "Technology" in the context of domestic and foreign experience
Tutashynskyі, V., & Тарара, А. М. (2024) · doi:10.32405/mono-lomza-kyiv-2024-2-9
Evoked values through sports
Czechowski, J. (2024) · doi:10.32405/mono-lomza-kyiv-2024-1-3
FORMATION OF RESEARCH COMPETENCES OF STUDENTS IN GEOGRAPHY AS A SCIENTIFIC PROBLEM
Мороз, П. (2024) · doi:10.32405/mono-lomza-kyiv-2024-2-7
WYMAGANIA ZAWODOWE WOBEC KADRY AKADEMICKIEJ W SYSTEMIE FUNKCJONOWANIA PROCESU EDUCACYJNEGO W SZKOLNICTWIE WYŻSZYM
Sharlovych, Z., Moshenets, N., & Moczydłowska, A. (2024) · doi:10.32405/mono-lomza-kyiv-2024-1-2
NORMATIVE-LEGAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL-METHODOLOGICAL ENSURANCE OF EVALUATION OF TEACHERS' ACTIVITIES AS A TOOL FOR THEIR PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Головко, С. Г. (2024) · doi:10.32405/mono-lomza-kyiv-2024-1-5
USE OF ELECTRONIC RESOURCES WITH INTEGRATED SYSTEMS OF SELF-ASSESSMENT OF PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES OF TEACHING EMPLOYEES OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Петрович, Р. О. (2024) · doi:10.32405/mono-lomza-kyiv-2024-4-3
A nyári visszaesés (summer setback) jelenségének empirikus vizsgálata 9. évfolyamos szakképző iskolások körében
Csíkos, C., Katona, M., & Somogyi, K. (2024) · Iskolakultúra · doi:10.14232/iskkult.2024.12.40
Evaluation of a Literacy Camp to Counteract Summer Learning Loss
Papı, C., Desjardins, G., & Kaboré, T. P. (2023) · Mesure et évaluation en éducation · doi:10.7202/1118376ar
Certains jeunes ont d’importants retards à la rentrée. Voici comment y remédier… durant l’été
Papı, C. (2024) · doi:10.64628/aap.w6ykunacr
Günlük Yaşam İçindeki Sosyal Bilgiler: Yaz Tatillerinin Sosyal Bilgiler Eğitimi Bakımından İncelenmesi
Deveci, H., & Türe, H. (2025) · İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.17679/inuefd.1621559 · Cited by 1
Diagnosing Learning Losses and Developing Effective Strategies: Insights from Educators
Karadağ, R., Kuşdemir, Y., & Çelık, S. (2025) · Participatory Educational Research · doi:10.17275/per.25.80.12.6

Authors: Kuhfeld, M.
Corresponding author: Kuhfeld, Megan
ORCID: Kuhfeld, Megan
Venue: Phi Delta Kappan
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2019-08-26
Volume: 101
Issue: 1
Pages: 25-29
ISSN: 0031-7217 (ISSN-L)
1940-6487
DOI: 10.1177/0031721719871560
OpenAlex: W2971276239
Cited by: 93
References: 8
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 8
FWCI: 23.61
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Phi Delta Kappan (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Education › School Choice and Performance
Social Sciences › Education › Educational Outcomes and Influences
Social Sciences › Education › Early Childhood Education and Development
Keywords: summer learning loss, achievement gap, low-income students, working-class students, summer programs, school year length, student performance

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Surprising new evidence on summer learning loss

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks