Attachment as a Core Feature of Resilience: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Darling Rasmussen, Pernille; Storebø, Ole Jakob; Løkkeholt, Trine; Voss, Line Gaunø; Shmueli-Goetz, Yael; Bojesen, Anders Bo; Simonsen, Erik; Bilenberg, Niels

doi:10.1177/0033294118785577

Cited by 167Resilience and Mental HealthAttachment and Relationship DynamicsPsychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research

Attachment as a Core Feature of Resilience: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Darling Rasmussen, Pernille, Storebø, Ole Jakob, Løkkeholt, Trine, Voss, Line Gaunø, Shmueli-Goetz, Yael, Bojesen, Anders Bo, Simonsen, Erik, Bilenberg, Niels·2019·Psychological Reports

DOI 10.1177/0033294118785577

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Abstract

Background: Research has pointed to secure attachment as a possible key factor of resilience in adulthood. Objective: We aimed to investigate the role of secure attachment as a potential core feature in the properties of resilience. Methods: We conducted a systematic review in accordance with PRISMA guidelines followed by a meta-analysis. Results: Thirty-three studies were included in the review, and 10 of these, including 2305 subjects, were used for meta-analysis. The raw correlation coefficients ranged from .20 to .57, which indicated weak to moderate correlations between resilience and attachment. The synthesized correlation coefficients indicated that the correlations were significant and highly unlikely to be due to random variation. All studies are also reported on qualitatively. Conclusions: In both of our meta-analyses and in the narratively reported studies, we found that secure attachment is associated with the presence of resilience.

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Positive and secure family relationships can protect against mental health distress.
“At the same time, positive and secure family relationships can protect against mental health distress [13].”
From Evaluating attachment-based family therapy in residential treatment in the United States: does adolescents' increased attachment security to caregivers lead to decreases in depressive symptoms? (2024) · cites this paper as [13]

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Zayde, A., Derella, O. J., & Kilbride, A. (2023) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.22042 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Attachment and resilience as mediators or moderators in the relationship between trauma and psychotic-like experiences
Rossi, R., Jannini, T. B., Ciocca, G., Cipriani, C., Socci, V., Pacitti, F., & Lorenzo, G. D. (2023) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.07.005 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Emotion regulation in adolescents: Influences of internal representations of relationships – An ERP study
Desatnik, A., Bel‐Bahar, T., Taylor, L., Nolte, T., Crowley, M. J., Fonagy, P., & Fearon, P. R. M. (2020) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.11.010 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
How to Put It Plainly? Findings From Two Randomized Controlled Studies on Writing Plain Language Summaries for Psychological Meta-Analyses
Kerwer, M., Stoll, M., Jonas, M., Benz, G., & Chasiotis, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.771399 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Raynor et al., 2018; Anzinger et al., 2020).”
Background
Emotional intelligence as a mediator between attachment security and empathy in pre-clinical medical students: A multi-center cross-sectional study
Ardenghi, S., Rampoldi, G., Montelisciani, L., Antolini, L., Donisi, V., Perlini, C., Rimondini, M., Garbin, D., Piccolo, L. D., & Strepparava, M. G. (2022) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2022.03.030 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Pathways to emotion regulation in young Black children: An attachment perspective
Stern, J. A., Dunbar, A. S., & Cassidy, J. A. (2022) · Advances in child development and behavior · doi:10.1016/bs.acdb.2022.10.001 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Death Anxiety and Resilience in Older Adults: The Moderating Role of Attachment Patterns
Bergman, Y. S. (2024) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs14111031 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Attachment, Resilience and Life Satisfaction of University Students in Cyprus after the Fourth Wave of COVID-19
Parpottas, P., Vogazianos, P., & Pezirkianidis, C. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph21010022 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Although attachment dimensions were found to be signiﬁcantly linked with psychological resilience [14], very few studies have attempted to investigate the impact of the two variables on university students’ life satisfaction [15].”
Background
Meditation and Five Precepts Mediate the Relationship between Attachment and Resilience
DeMaranville, J., Wongpakaran, T., Wongpakaran, N., & Wedding, D. (2022) · Children · doi:10.3390/children9030371 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Parent-child attachment and teacher-student relationships in Chinese children from low-income families: A moderated mediation model of shyness and resilience
Wang, S., Li, A., Su, J., & Sun, R. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03121-y · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Longitudinal Relations Between Social Relationships and Adolescent Life Satisfaction: The Mediating Roles of Self-compassion and Psychological Resilience
Wu, N.-N., Hou, Y., Jiang, Y., Zeng, Q., & You, J. (2024) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-024-02842-x · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Predictors of Suicide and Differences in Attachment Styles and Resilience Among Treatment-Seeking First-Responder Subtypes
Ponder, W. N., Carbajal, J., Whitworth, J., Schuman, D. L., Galusha, J. M., & Yockey, R. A. (2022) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000002750 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“A recent meta-analysis concluded that secure attachment is a hallmark of resilience.(37) They included 10 studies with 2305 cases and found that correlations ranged from 0.”
Background
Does attachment anxiety mediate the persistence of anxiety and depressive symptoms from adolescence to early adulthood?
Blake, J. A., Thomas, H. J., Pelecanos, A. M., Najman, J. M., & Scott, J. G. (2024) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-024-02737-8 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Psychological, social, and physical ecologies for child resilience: a South African perspective
Pillay, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1190297 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“They also note that stable attachment does not necessarily have to be between a child and a primary caregiver, but rather family members, or teachers, who can also provide the same kind of secure attachment, which they term as “earned security”, that can help enable resilience in children (Rasmussen et al., 2019).”
Background
The family keyworker as a critical element for attachment resilience in the face of adversity
Pedro-Viejo, A. B., & Salvá, C. P. (2023) · Journal of Family Theory & Review · doi:10.1111/jftr.12537 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Attachment is a central aspect of human resilience, as revealed by empirical studies (Darling Rasmussen et al., 2019) and intervention proposals with vulnerable families for years (Berlin et al., 2016).”
Background
The effect of pre-service music teachers’ professional identity on academic burnout: the mediating role of psychological resilience and the moderating role of peer relationships
Jiang, X., & Zhu, J. J. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-05830-y · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Furthermore, secure attachment may serve as a fundamental feature or requirement for favorable adjustments (Darling Rasmussen et al., 2019).”
Coping with COVID-19 Prolonged and Cumulative Stressors: the Case Example of Egypt
Kira, I. A., Shuwiekh, H. A. M., Ahmed, S. A. E., Ebada, E. E., Tantawy, S. F., Waheep, N. N., & Ashby, J. S. (2022) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-021-00712-x · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Differences in Resilience and Mental Health Symptoms Among US First Responders With Secure and Insecure Attachment
Schuman, D. L., Whitworth, J., Galusha, J. M., Carbajal, J., Ponder, W. N., Shahan, K. L., & Jetelina, K. K. (2023) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000002799 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Secure attachment can function as a critical resilience factor in adulthood.(44) Assessing and accounting for attachment style in therapy have been shown to improve trauma treatment outcomes.”
Background
Resilient evacuation infrastructure; an assessment of resilience toward natural hazards
Fathianpour, A., Jelodar, M. B., Wilkinson, S. J., & Evans, B. (2023) · International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment · doi:10.1108/ijdrbe-10-2022-0103 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Child–parent agreement on the SDQ: The role of child–parent attachment and parental feelings
Hen, M., Shenaar‐Golan, V., Atia, S., & Yatzkar, U. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23707 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
A Comprehensive Scoping Review of Empirical Studies on Earned Secure Attachment
Filosa, M., Sharp, C., Gori, A., & Musetti, A. (2024) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941241277495 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“In addition, the association between secure attachment and resilience (Darling Rasmussen et al., 2019), emotional regulation and adaptive coping strategies (Mikulincer & Shaver, 2019) and a better social and global functioning even in individuals with mental disorders (Pearse et al., 2020) is well…”
Mother-child attachment and resilience in Chinese impoverished children: a moderated mediation model of psychological needs satisfaction and perceived teacher support
Wang, S., Li, A., Cai, M., Su, J., & Liu, X. (2020) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-020-01017-3 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Attachment Style and Childhood Traumatic Experiences Moderate the Impact of Initial and Prolonged COVID-19 Pandemic: Mental Health Longitudinal Trajectories in a Sample of Italian Women
Castellini, G., Tarchi, L., Cassioli, E., Rossi, E., Sanfilippo, G., Innocenti, M., Gironi, V., Scami, I., & Ricca, V. (2022) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-022-00798-x · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Higher Income but Lower Happiness with Left-Behind Experience? A Study of Long-Term Effects for China’s Migrants
Wang, X., Xu, S., Zhuo, Y., & Chow, J. C. (2022) · Applied Research in Quality of Life · doi:10.1007/s11482-022-10092-6 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Resilience and Attachment in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder
Craba, A., Marano, G., Kotzalidis, G. D., Avallone, C., Lisci, F. M., Crosta, M. L., Callea, A., Monti, L., Berardis, D. D., Lai, C., et al. (2023) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm13060969 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Relationship of Resilience Factors With Biopsychosocial Markers Using a Comprehensive Home Evaluation Kit for Depression and Suicide Risk: A Real-World Data Analysis
Jang, S., Choi, S., Ahn, R. S., Lee, J.-Y., Kim, J., & Seok, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.847498 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Effectiveness of Scene‐Based Psychodramatic Family Therapy (SB‐PFT) in adolescents with behavioural problems
Maya, J., García, M. V. H., García, L. J., & Lara, B. L. (2019) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1111/hsc.12888 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
A Systematic Review on Attachment and Sleep at Preschool Age
Perpétuo, C., Diniz, E., & Veríssimo, M. (2021) · Children · doi:10.3390/children8100895 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Secure attachment bonds relate to better developmental outcomes, such as higher rates of executive functioning [32–34], language development [35], emotional understanding [36], social competence [37,38], and resilience [39].”
Background
Personal and environmental factors associated with self-reported resilience among social workers
Zychlinski, E., Itzick, M., & Kagan, M. (2022) · International Social Work · doi:10.1177/00208728221087043 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Resilience phenotypes derived from an active inference account of allostasis
Harrison, L., Gracias, A. J., Friston, K. J., & Buckwalter, J. G. (2025) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2025.1524722 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Adult attachment, stress-coping, and resilience in first-generation immigrants in the United States
Fang, C.-J., Tong, N., Villa, R. J., Flores, A. M. M., Lim, E., & Tu, A. (2021) · British Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.1177/03080226211022962 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Research among adults has found clear, positive associations between secure attachment and resilience (Rasmussen et al., 2019; Terzi, 2013).”
BackgroundResult
Childhood trauma and social cognition in participants with bipolar disorder: The moderating role of attachment
Morán, J., Ríos, U., Costa‐Cordella, S., Barría, C., Carvajal, V., Valenzuela, K., & Wasserman, D. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100359 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
A Pathway to Meaning in Life: Early Parental Support, Attachment, and the Moderating Role of Alexithymia
Wang, K. Y. H., Kealy, D., & Cox, D. W. (2022) · Journal of Adult Development · doi:10.1007/s10804-022-09418-3 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Finally, attachment security based on positive parental responsiveness often entails confidence in the availability of support, and the ability to persevere, should obstructions or setbacks be encountered (Rasmussen et al., 2019).”
Background
Professional Help-Seeking Attitudes Among College Students: The Role of ACEs, Resilience, and Mental Health
Mueller, J., Woods, K. J., Turner, K., & Marr, V. (2024) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2024.2378056 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“It is possible that individuals with no ACEs grew up in stable and securely attached environments, as this is a core feature of resilience (Darling Rasmussen et al., 2019).”
More than Meets the “I”: A Panoramic View of Epistemic Trust in Psychotherapy
Fisher, S., Fonagy, P., & Zilcha‐Mano, S. (2024) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000541667 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Securely stressed: association between attachment and empathic stress in romantic couples
Gallistl, M., Handke, L., Kungl, M., Gabler, S., Croy, I., Vrtička, P., & Engert, V. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-13970-9 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Beyond shaping relational patterns, attachment plays a crucial role as a resilience factor both individually and within a relationship, influencing how individuals cope with stress and adversity 6 .”
Examining the Relationships Between Adverse Childhood Experiences, Student Generational Status, and Exam Performance in Emerging Adult Undergraduates
York, S. K., Chim, L. S., Viczko, J., Nicoll, P. M., Fontanilla, C., Kasian, A., & Smart, C. M. (2022) · Emerging Adulthood · doi:10.1177/21676968221119729 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Brain-Directed Care: Why Neuroscience Principles Direct PICU Management beyond the ABCs
Long, D. A., Waak, M., Doherty, N. N., & Dow, B. L. (2022) · Children · doi:10.3390/children9121938 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“These connections foster resilience and serve as a stress buffer for children, making them an important first line of defense against stress-related problems [93].”
Background
The longitudinal interplay between insecure attachment behaviors and psychosocial strengths among children in child welfare services
Smith, J. A., Durham, D., Price‐Cameron, M., Sloss, I. M., & Browne, D. T. (2023) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579422001419 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Teachers’ attitudes toward trauma-informed practice: Associations with attachment and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)
Robertson, H., Goodall, K., & Kay, D. (2021) · Psychology of Education Review · doi:10.53841/bpsper.2021.45.2.62 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Expanding Fundamental Boundaries between Resilience and Survivability in Systems Engineering: A Literature Review
Martínez, K., & Claudio, D. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15064811 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
A two-generation study of attachment in mothers and their young adult offspring: Latent classes of attachment and associations with anxiety and depression
Blake, J. A., Thomas, H. J., Hurst, C. P., Pelecanos, A. M., McGee, T. R., Najman, J. M., & Scott, J. G. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.046 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Tipping the scales: The power of parental commitment in decisions on adoption from care
Helland, H. S. (2020) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105693 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Evaluating attachment-based family therapy in residential treatment in the United States: does adolescents' increased attachment security to caregivers lead to decreases in depressive symptoms?
Diamond, G., Rivers, A. S., Winston-Lindeboom, P., Russon, J., & Roeske, M. (2024) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-024-00833-w · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“At the same time, positive and secure family relationships can protect against mental health distress [13].”
A dual pathway for understanding the relation between wellbeing and resilience
Riasnugrahani, M., Setiawan, T., de Jong, E., & Takwin, B. (2024) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-024-03440-4 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Thus, the quality of attachment to family is a signi ﬁ cant factor in enhancing individual resilience (Darling Rasmussen et al., 2019).”
Parental Attachment and Academic Well‐Being in Adolescence: Mediation Effect of Perceived Social Support
Vansoeterstede, A., Cappe, É., Meylan, N., & Boujut, É. (2025) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.23587 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Secure attachment fosters individual resilience (Kennison and Spooner 2023; Darling Rasmussen et al. 2019).”
The Development of the Attachment Defenses Questionnaire (ADQ-50): A Preliminary Examination of Reliability, Validity, and Factor Structure
Richardson, E. N., Beath, A., & Boag, S. (2024) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2024.2353142 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“…understanding adult emotional regulation, personality pathology, vulnerability, resilience, and the dynamics of relational and defensive processes (Darling Rasmussen et al., 2019; Hazan & Shaver, 1994; Lyddon & Sherry, 2001; Mikulincer & Shaver, 2019; Morley & Moran, 2011; Richardson et al.,…”
Father-child attachment on children’s screen time: mediating role of ego resilience
Yang, H.-M., & Kim, H. (2024) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-024-05148-5 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
How Long-Term Couples Cope with Chronic Stressors and Adverse Life Course Events in Marriage: A Qualitative Study
Heim, C., & Heim, C. (2025) · American Journal of Family Therapy · doi:10.1080/01926187.2025.2459688 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Trajectories of psychosocial functioning and attachment behaviors among children adopted in the Ontario child welfare system
Smith, J. A., Durham, D., Beatty, E., Price‐Cameron, M., Kartusch, K., Shlonsky, A., & Browne, D. T. (2021) · Journal of Public Child Welfare · doi:10.1080/15548732.2021.1881690 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Adaptive Behavior in Slovak Children with Intellectual Disability in Institutional Care
Hapčová, M., Celušáková, H., Turoňová, D., Váňová, M., Besedová, L., Demkaninová, D., & Babinská, K. (2022) · Children · doi:10.3390/children9121911 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Secure attachment is an important factor for individual resilience and positive adaptation [45].”
Background
The Effects of Attachment Styles on Resilience and Emotion Regulation
Tang, X. (2024) · Journal of Education Humanities and Social Sciences · doi:10.54097/shp3g660 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Ansley& Rick conclude that resilience may be effectively influenced by attachment through self-care and self-efficacy [2].”
Background
Psychological profiles of adoptees’ partners and their representations of the marital relationship
Despax, J., Bouteyre, É., & Guiller, T. (2022) · Adoption & Fostering · doi:10.1177/03085759221092485 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Impact of COVID-19 on Veterans’ Resilience, Attachment, and Negative Affect
Mallory, J. B., Ponder, W. N., Sherrill, T., Carbajal, J., Schuman, D. L., Jetelina, K. K., & Stafford, J. (2022) · Journal of Veterans Studies · doi:10.21061/jvs.v8i3.324 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Assessing Resiliency in Children and Young Adults: Constructs, Research, and Clinical Application
Saklofske, D. H., Plouffe, R. A., Wilson, C. A., & Prince‐Embury, S. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-14728-9_13 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Ecological Resilience Framework: The Justice Ambassadors Youth Council as a model for community-based resilience
Burrows, B., Daniels, J. E., Starks, U. C., Amso, D., & Downey, G. (2023) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579423001001 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Adult insecure attachment styles and suicidality: A meta-analysis
Maciel, M. R., Zylberstajn, C., Mello, M. F., Coimbra, B. M., & Mello, A. F. (2024) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2024.2419605 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“…on how attachment functioning interferes with development and mental health (Main et al., 1985; Sroufe et al., 1999), emotional regulation (Mortazavizadeh & Forstmeier, 2018), resilience to stress (Darling Rasmussen et al., 2019), and social and interpersonal functioning (Stepp et al., 2008).”
Beyond Acceptance and Rejection: A Caregiving Conceptualization for Understanding Parental Responses to Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Children
Liow, J. W., & Huang, Y. (2025) · Journal of Family Theory & Review · doi:10.1111/jftr.70038 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The Mediating Role of Affect Dysregulation and Dissociation in the Relationship Between Attachment and Compulsive Online Shopping: A Path Analysis Model.
Topino, E., Pallaoro, N., Moyano, M., Casale, S., & Gori, A. (2024) · PubMed Central · doi:10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240307 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“On one hand, secure attachment has been repeatedly conceptualized as a protective factor against psychopathology and a core feature of resilience (see Darling Rasmussen et al., 2019 for a meta-analysis).”
Background
Factors related to resilience of adolescents living in out-of-home care settings in Bangkok
Danpho, W., & Thommachot, P. (2025) · BMJ Paediatrics Open · doi:10.1136/bmjpo-2024-003238 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Adverse childhood experiences and fertility intention among college students in China: moderated mediation effects of resilience and attachment
Zhang, J., Chen, W., Weng, W., Li, M., Zhu, Y., Xiao, X., Zhang, R., Jiang, D., Li, S., Ma, J., et al. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-23037-z · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Mapping factors facilitating resilience in mothers – potential clinical relevance for children with ADHD
Rasmussen, P. D., Bilenberg, N., Kirubakaran, R., & Storebø, O. J. (2020) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1748899 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citation
Dyadic Parent-Child Creative Activities and Early Childhood Resilience: Audio-recordings and Home Activities as Methodological Propositions
Verger, N. B., Roberts, J., Guiller, J., & McAloney‐Kocaman, K. (2023) · Creativity Theories – Research – Applications · doi:10.2478/ctra-2023-0007 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Relational vulnerability in motherhood—an existential perspective on pain and exhaustion among women
Gebhardt, A. J., Andermo, S., & Arman, M. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1412385 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Association of Anxiety/Depressive Symptoms with Psychotic-like Experiences: The Moderation Effect of Sex and Resilience
Long, M., Zhang, P., & Shi, J. (2024) · Children · doi:10.3390/children11080969 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Relationship between World Assumptions and Resilience in Psychological Counsellors: The Mediating Role of Self-Orientations
Erden, S. (2020) · European Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.12973/eu-jer.9.3.1211 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Rasmussen et al. (2018) reviewed 32 studies and found that resilience was associated with secure attachment because of the positive self-perception of self and others.”
Background
Promoting Resilience in Early Childhood
Bartlett, J. D., Halle, T., & Thomson, D. (2021) · Springer series on child and family studies · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-81728-2_10 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
‘It’s whether or not you got people’: school-based social support to address adolescent sexual and reproductive health inequities
Lovell, C. C., Valdez, E. S., Chan, J., Beatriz, E. D., & Gubrium, A. (2022) · Sex Education · doi:10.1080/14681811.2022.2106560 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Sibling love in adolescence and subsequent health and well-being in adulthood
Wilkinson, R., Chen, Y., Lee, M. T., Cowden, R. G., & VanderWeele, T. J. (2025) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117700 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Integrative mindfulness-based infant parenting program: theoretical foundations and a novel intervention protocol
Burstein, O., Zevin, Z. T., & Geva, R. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1524008 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
What accounts for multifinality of the pathways from family ecological adversity to children’s future antisocial outcomes? Exploring early attachment relationships as a source of resilience in low- and high-risk samples
Kim, J., Herbert, H. M., & Kochanska, G. (2025) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579425100904 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Parent – child attachment security is one well-documented protective factor (Belsky & Fearon, 2002; Cyr et al., 2014; Darling Rasmussen et al., 2019; Delker et al., 2018; Egeland et al., 1993; Fearon & Belsky, 2011; Houbrechts et al., 2023; Masten, 2018; Napoleon et al., 2023; Sroufe, 2013).”
Assessment of Attachment in Psychosis: The Validity of the Psychosis Attachment Measure
van Bussel, E. M. M., Burghouwt, D. E., van Aken, B. C., Willems, I. E. M. G., Mulder, C. L., & Wierdsma, A. I. (2023) · Medical Research Archives · doi:10.18103/mra.v12i1.5005 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Autonomic response and attachment style in disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
Leal, M., Adan, M., Heilman, K. J., & Cockcroft, K. (2024) · South African Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v30i0.2293 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“20,21,22,,23 Attachment, as defined in classical attachment theory, delineates the enduring emotional connection between an infant and its primary caregiver, with varying attachment styles (i.e. ‘secure’ or ‘insecure’) identified through the child’s responses to caregiver’s presence or absence.”
Background
“Resilience” – is this the new black in psychiatric health care and prevention?
Rasmussen, P. D. (2019) · Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology · doi:10.21307/sjcapp-2019-004 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“However, findings suggest that in the near future we may be able to asses some key factors in resilient development (12).”
Background
A taxonomy of pedestrian evacuation infrastructure for urban areas; an assessment of resilience towards natural hazards
Fathianpour, A., Jelodar, M. B., Wilkinson, S. J., & Evans, B. (2022) · IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science · doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1101/2/022054 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Understanding Developmental Attachment Theory in the Context of Family Diversity
Lombardi, C. M., Scott, M. E., & Thomson, D. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-92002-9_40 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Authors: Darling Rasmussen, P., Storebø, O. J., Løkkeholt, T., Voss, L. G., Shmueli-Goetz, Y., Bojesen, A. B., Simonsen, E., & Bilenberg, N.
Affiliations: University of Southern Denmark (DK)
Region Zealand (DK)
Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
University of Copenhagen (DK)
ORCID: Darling Rasmussen, Pernille
Storebø, Ole Jakob
Bojesen, Anders Bo
Simonsen, Erik
Bilenberg, Niels
Venue: Psychological Reports
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2018-06-29
Volume: 122
Issue: 4
Pages: 1259-1296
ISSN: 0033-2941 (ISSN-L)
1558-691X
DOI: 10.1177/0033294118785577
OpenAlex: W2810111222
Cited by: 167
References: 68
Citations by year: 2026: 27 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 3
FWCI: 1.31
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Psychological Reports (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (publishedVersion)
Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
Keywords: secure attachment, resilience, attachment security, adulthood, psychological well-being
MeSH terms: Humans, Object Attachment, Resilience, Psychological

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Attachment as a Core Feature of Resilience: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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