Cited by 113Spaceflight effects on biologyPharmacogenetics and Drug MetabolismSpace Exploration and Technology

Physiological, Pharmacokinetic, and Pharmacodynamic Changes in Space

Graebe, Annemarie, Schuck, Edgar L., Lensing, Petra, Putcha, Lakshmi, Derendorf, Hartmut·2004·The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology

Abstract

Medications have been taken since the first Mercury flight in 1967 and, since then, have been used for several indications such as space motion sickness, sleeplessness, headache, nausea, vomiting, back pain, and congestion. As the duration of space missions get longer, it is even more likely that astronauts will encounter some of the acute illnesses that are frequently seen on Earth. Microgravity environment induces several physiological changes in the human body. These changes include cardiovascular degeneration, bone decalcification, decreased plasma volume, blood flow, lymphocyte and eosinophil levels, altered hormonal and electrolyte levels, muscle atrophy, decreased blood cell mass, increased immunoglobulin A and M levels, and a decrease in the amount of microsomal P-450 and the activity of some of its dependent enzymes. These changes may be expected to have severe implications on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of drug substances.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1177/0091270004267193

Cites

206 of 206 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Authors
Graebe, A., Schuck, E. L., Lensing, P., Putcha, L., & Derendorf, H.
Affiliations
  • Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
  • University of Florida Health (US)
  • Johnson Space Center (US)
Venue
The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2004-08
Volume
44
Issue
8
Pages
837-853
ISSN
  • 0021-9754 (ISSN-L)
  • 0091-2700
  • 1552-4604
OpenAlex
W2039553908
Cited by
113
References
212
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 1
FWCI
0.74
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Spaceflight effects on biology
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Space Exploration and Technology
Keywords
microgravity, spaceflight, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, drug metabolism, astronauts, space motion sickness, bone decalcification, muscle atrophy, immunological changes, cytochrome P450, space medicine
MeSH terms
Aerospace Medicine, Body Water, Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Enzymes, Erythrocyte Count, Female, Hemodynamics, Hormones, Humans, Immunity, Kidney, Male, Muscular Atrophy, Pharmacokinetics, Sex Factors, Sodium, Space Flight, Time Factors, Weightlessness, Bone Demineralization, Pathologic

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