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A report—Chronic fatigue syndrome: Guidelines for research

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Sharpe, M C·1991·Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine

DOI 10.1177/014107689108400224PMC PMC1293107

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The Frequency of the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in Patients with Symptoms of Persistent Fatigue
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Postviral fatigue syndrome: time for a new approach
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Lloyd, A. R., Wakefield, D., Boughton, C. R., & Dwyer, J. (1988) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(88)92107-1 · Cited by 144
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Managing chronic fatigue syndrome in children
Marcovitch, H. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.314.7095.1635 · Cited by 26
Adverse outcomes in trials of graded exercise therapy for adult patients with chronic fatigue syndrome
White, P. D., & Etherington, J. (2021) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110533 · Cited by 25
Evidence-Based Care for People with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis
Sharpe, M., Chalder, T., & White, P. D. (2021) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-021-07188-4 · Cited by 27
Effects of elevated plasma tryptophan on brain activation associated with the Stroop task
Morgan, R., Parry, A., Arida, R. M., Matthews, P. M., Davies, B., & Castell, L. M. (2006) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0609-7 · Cited by 25
“This central fatigue, a state in which cognition and action require increasing effort (Sharpe et al. 1991; Budgett et al. 1998), is associated with impaired physical performance without evidence for altered peripheral sensory or motor responsiveness.”
Background
The Metacognitions about Symptoms Control Scale: Development and Concurrent Validity.
Fernie, B., Maher-Edwards, L., Murphy, G., Nikčević, A., & Spada, M. (2015) · Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.1906 · Cited by 23
“Individuals with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) often present with a myriad of symptoms (Nisenbaum, Reyes, Unger, & Reeves, 2004), chiefly characterized by fatigue (Sharpe et al., 1991).”
Health care resource use by patients before and after a diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS/ME): a clinical practice research datalink study
Collin, S. M., Bakken, I. J., Nazareth, I., Crawley, E. M., & White, P. D. (2017) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/s12875-017-0635-z · Cited by 26
“That the fatigue must be of new or distinct onset was a feature of the original CDC case definition [14], and was also part of the Fukuda [15], Oxford [16], and the (original) Canadian [17] case definition.”
Background
Underlying self-esteem in chronic fatigue syndrome
Creswell, C., & Chalder, T. (2002) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00329-x · Cited by 25
“Five participants did not currently fulfil the Oxford Diagnostic Criteria for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome [19] and were excluded, leaving 24 participants.”
Background
Antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA) in Gulf War-related illness and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patients
Skowera, A., STEWART, E., DAVIS, E. T., Cleare, A. J., Unwin, C., Hull, L., Ismail, K., HOSSAIN, G., Wessely, S. C., & Peakman, M. (2002) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01912.x · Cited by 25
Neurasthenia: cross-cultural and conceptual issues in relation to chronic fatigue syndrome
Starčević, V. (1999) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0163-8343(99)00012-2 · Cited by 25
Pilot Study of a Multidisciplinary Inpatient Rehabilitation of Severely Incapacitated Patients with the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Essame, C., Phclan, S., Aggett, P., & White, P. D. (1998) · Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome · doi:10.1300/j092v04n02_05 · Cited by 25
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Should Not Be Diagnosed in Children
Plioplys, A. V. (1997) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.100.2.270 · Cited by 25
Non‐Pharmacological Approaches to Treatment
Sharpe, M. (2007) · Novartis Foundation symposium · doi:10.1002/9780470514382.ch17 · Cited by 25
A Data-Driven Fatigue Prediction using Recurrent Neural Networks
Lambay, A., Liu, Y., Morgan, P. L., & Ji, Z. (2021) · International Congress on Human-Computer Interaction, Optimization and Robotic Applications (ICHORA) · doi:10.1109/hora52670.2021.9461377 · Cited by 26
Central sensitisation in chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia; a case control study
Bourke, J. H., Wodehouse, T., Clark, L., Constantinou, E., Kidd, B. L., Langford, R., Mehta, V., & White, P. D. (2021) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110624 · Cited by 28
Depressive symptoms and pragmatic rehabilitation for chronic fatigue syndrome
Wearden, A. J., Dunn, G., Dowrick, C. F., & Morriss, R. K. (2012) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.111.107474 · Cited by 26
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome among Overseas Development Workers: A Qualitative Study
Lovell, D. M. (1999) · Journal of Travel Medicine · doi:10.2310/7060.1999.00005 · Cited by 24
The Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Fukuda, K., Strauss, S. E., Hickie, I. B., Sharpe, M., Dobbins, J. G., & Komaroff, A. L. (1995) · Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome · doi:10.1300/j092v01n02_06 · Cited by 24
Defining the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Straus, S. E. (1992) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.152.8.1569 · Cited by 24
Chronic fatigue syndrome – an update
Rimbaut, S., Gutte, C. V., Brabander, L. V., & Bossche, L. V. (2016) · Acta Clinica Belgica · doi:10.1080/17843286.2016.1196862 · Cited by 23
Research priorities for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS): the results of a James Lind alliance priority setting exercise
Tyson, S. F., Stanley, K., Gronlund, T. A., Leary, S., Dean, M. E., Dransfield, C., Baxter, H., Elliot, R., Ephgrave, R., Bolton, M. J., et al. (2022) · Fatigue Biomedicine Health & Behavior · doi:10.1080/21641846.2022.2124775 · Cited by 23
“It excluded chronic fatigue caused by other conditions and studies of ME/CFS using the Oxford Criteria [11], NICE 2007 criteria [5] or Fukuda Criteria [12] without post-exertional malaise”
Method
The impact of significant other expressed emotion on patient outcomes in chronic fatigue syndrome.
Band, R. J., Barrowclough, C., & Wearden, A. J. (2014) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000086 · Cited by 23
“To be eligible for participation patients had to have received a specialist diagnosis of CFS/ME, which was confirmed by a clinical study checklist based on the Oxford criteria for CFS/ME (Sharpe et al., 1991).”
Method
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Cognitive, Behavioural and Emotional Processing Vulnerability Factors
Brooks, S. K., Chalder, T., & Rimes, K. A. (2017) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465816000631 · Cited by 23
“Sixty-seven patients meeting the Oxford (Sharpe et al., 1991) or Center for Disease Control (Fukuda et al., 1994) criteria for CFS who had been assessed at the specialist CFS clinic at King’s College London/South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust completed questionnaires after assessment but…”
Method
Cognitive idiosyncrasies among children with the chronic fatigue syndrome: Anomalies in self-reported activity levels
Fry, A. M., & Martin, M. (1996) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(96)00036-0 · Cited by 23
The case history of an elite ultra-endurance cyclist who developed chronic fatigue syndrome
ROWBOTTOM, D. G., Keast, D. H., Green, S., Kakulas, B. A., & Morton, A. R. (1998) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-199809000-00001 · Cited by 23
Cognitive behaviour therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: Differences in treatment outcome between a tertiary treatment centre in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands
Worm-Smeitink, M., Nikolaus, S., Goldsmith, K., Wiborg, J. F., Ali, S., Knoop, H., & Chalder, T. (2016) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.06.006 · Cited by 22
The presence of co-morbid mental health problems in a cohort of adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome
Loades, M. E., Rimes, K. A., Ali, S., Lievesley, K., & Chalder, T. (2017) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1359104517736357 · Cited by 22
Are ME/CFS Patient Organizations “Militant”?
Blease, C., & Geraghty, K. (2018) · Journal of Bioethical Inquiry · doi:10.1007/s11673-018-9866-5 · Cited by 23
Chronic fatigue syndrome and occupational status: a retrospective longitudinal study
Stevelink, S. A. M., Mark, K. M., Fear, N. T., Hotopf, M. H., & Chalder, T. (2021) · Occupational Medicine · doi:10.1093/occmed/kqab170 · Cited by 20
Xenotropic murine leukemia virus–related virus (XMRV) and blood transfusion: report of the AABB interorganizational XMRV task force
Klein, H. G., Dodd, R. Y., Hollinger, F. B., Katz, L. M., Kleinman, S. H., McCleary, K., Silverman, R. H., & Stramer, S. L. (2011) · Transfusion · doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.03012.x · Cited by 22
Lack of association between HLA genotype and chronic fatigue syndrome
Underhill, J. A., Mahalingam, M., Peakman, M., & Wessely, S. C. (2001) · European Journal of Immunogenetics · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2370.2001.00235.x · Cited by 22
“All fulfilled the UK consensus criteria (Sharpe et al. , 1991).”
BackgroundMethod
Patient outcomes in association with significant other responses to chronic fatigue syndrome: A systematic review of the literature.
Band, R. J., Wearden, A. J., & Barrowclough, C. (2015) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/cpsp.12093 · Cited by 23
“Article Selection To be eligible, articles had to include patients who had received a physician diagnosis of CFS/ME, chronic fatigue and immune dysfunction syndrome, post-viral fatigue syndrome, or idiopathic chronic fatigue; use of the Oxford (Sharpe et al., 1991) or Center for Disease Control (Fukuda et al., 1994) c…”
Neural Correlates of Consciousness: Empirical and conceptual issues
Radovic, S., & Malmgren, H. (1998) · Cited by 22
Trial of a Selective Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor, Galanthamine Hydrobromide, in the Treatment of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Snorrason, E., Geirsson, Á. J., & Stefánsson, K. (1996) · Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome · doi:10.1300/j092v02n02_04 · Cited by 22
Caring for patients with chronic fatigue syndrome
Straus, S. E. (2002) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7330.124 · Cited by 22
Interpretation of symptoms in chronic fatigue syndrome
Dendy, C., Cooper, M. J., & Sharpe, M. (2001) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(00)00116-9 · Cited by 21
The Clinical Application of Ozonetherapy
Bocci, V. A. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9234-2_9 · Cited by 24
Chronic fatigue syndrome prevalence is grossly overestimated using Oxford criteria compared to Centers for Disease Control (Fukuda) criteria in a U.S. population study
Baraniuk, J. N. (2017) · Fatigue Biomedicine Health & Behavior · doi:10.1080/21641846.2017.1353578 · Cited by 21
“The Oxford definitional criteria [5] for CFS are inappropriate (in our view) because they require only mild fatigue severity in contrast to the moderate and severe fatigue required in the Fukuda (Centers for Disease Control (CDC)) definition [6,7] and other definitions, e.”
BackgroundMethod
Pediatric chronic fatigue syndrome: current perspectives
Crawley, E. M. (2018) · Pediatric Health Medicine and Therapeutics · doi:10.2147/phmt.s126253 · Cited by 21
Associations Between Psychological and Immunological Variables in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis: A Systematic Review
Raanes, E. F. W., & Stiles, T. C. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.716320 · Cited by 22
How fatigue is related to other somatic symptoms
van de Putte, E. M. (2006) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.2006.094623 · Cited by 21
Free radicals in chronic fatigue syndrome: cause or effect?
Richards, R. S., Roberts, T. K., Dunstan, R. H., McGregor, N., & Butt, H. L. (2000) · Redox Report · doi:10.1179/135100000101535519 · Cited by 21
Effects of Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation on Symptoms Associated with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome with Coxsackie B Antibodies
Martin, R. W. Y., Ogston, S. A., & Evans, J. R. (1994) · Journal of Nutritional Medicine · doi:10.3109/13590849409034536 · Cited by 21
Biopsychosocial aspects of chronic fatigue syndrome (myalgic encephalomyelitis)
Yeomans, J. D. I., & Conway, S. P. (1991) · Journal of Infection · doi:10.1016/0163-4453(91)92864-2 · Cited by 21
[Chronic fatigue syndrome in young persons].
de Jong, L. W., Prins, J. B., Fiselier, T. J. W., Weemaes, C. M., van den Bergh, E. M. , & Bleijenberg, G. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 21
Who cares for young carers?
Jenkins, S., & Wingate, C. (1994) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.308.6931.733 · Cited by 21
Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome
Larun, L., Brurberg, K. G., Odgaard‐Jensen, J., & Price, J. R. (2024) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003200.pub9 · Cited by 22
Treatment for paediatric chronic fatigue syndrome or myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) and comorbid depression: a systematic review
Loades, M. E., Sheils, E., & Crawley, E. M. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012271 · Cited by 20
Multidimensional Comparison of Cancer-Related Fatigue and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: The Role of Psychophysiological Markers
Park, H. Y., Jeon, H. J., Bang, Y. R., & Yoon, I. (2019) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.30773/pi.2018.10.26 · Cited by 20
Acute fatigue in chronic fatigue syndrome patients
Smith, A. P., Borysiewicz, L. K., Pollock, J., Thomas, M., Perry, K., & Llewelyn, M. B. (1999) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329179800748x · Cited by 20
“Sixty-seven patients who fulfilled the criteria for CFS proposed by Sharpe et al. (1991) were compared with 126 matched healthy controls.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
The spectra of neurasthenia and depression: course, stability and transitions
Gamma, A., Angst, J., Ajdacic‐Gross, V., Eich, D., & Wulf Rössler, A. (2006) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-006-0699-6 · Cited by 20
A 4-Day Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Behavioral Intervention Program for CFS/ME. An Open Study, With 1-Year Follow-Up
Stubhaug, B., Lier, H. Ø., Aßmus, J., Rongve, A., & Kvale, G. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00720 · Cited by 20
TELEPHONE COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY FOR CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME IN SECONDARY CARE: A CASE SERIES
Burgess, M., & Chalder, T. (2001) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465801004052 · Cited by 20
Integrity of the Growth Hormone/Insulin-Like Growth Factor System Is Maintained in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome1
Cleare, A. J., Sookdeo, S. S., Jones, J. L., O’Keane, V., & MIELL, J. P. (2000) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.85.4.6513 · Cited by 20
“Included subjects had to fulfil both international consensus criteria for CFS (23, 24) and be free from comorbid psychiatric disorder as defined in the DSM-IV (25).”
Background
Chronic fatigue syndrome: prevalence and outcome
Lawrie, S. M., & Pelosi, A. J. (1994) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.308.6931.732 · Cited by 20
Chronic fatigue syndrome
David, A. S., & Wessely, S. C. (1996) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)65451-7 · Cited by 20
Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome
Larun, L., Brurberg, K. G., Odgaard‐Jensen, J., & Price, J. R. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003200.pub5 · Cited by 21
Illness Beliefs in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Study Involving Affected Adolescents and their Parents
Richards, J., Chaplin, R., Starkey, C., & Turk, J. (2006) · Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1111/j.1475-3588.2006.00409.x · Cited by 19
Cost-effectiveness of supported self-management for CFS/ME patients in primary care
Richardson, G. A., Epstein, D. M., Chew-Graham, C. A., Dowrick, C. F., Bentall, R. P., Morriss, R. K., Peters, S., Riste, L., Lovell, K., Dunn, G., et al. (2013) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/1471-2296-14-12 · Cited by 19
“Background Chronic fatigue syndrome (or myalgic encephalomyelitis / encephalitis or ME; hereafter abbreviated to CFS/ME) is characterised by a principal complaint of fatigue, of sufficient duration and severity to impair functioning [1].”
Background
Rethinking the Standard of Care for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Friedberg, F., Sunnquist, M., & Nacul, L. (2019) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-019-05375-y · Cited by 19
Distribution of xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) infection in chronic fatigue syndrome and prostate cancer.
Mikovits, J. A., Huang, Y., Pfost, M. A., Lombardi, V. C., Bertolette, D. C., Hagen, K. S., & Ruscetti, F. W. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 19
Experiences of young people who have undergone the Lightning Process to treat chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis – a qualitative study
Rème, S. E., Archer, N. J., & Chalder, T. (2012) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8287.2012.02093.x · Cited by 19
“Eight of nine participants met UK criteria (Sharpe et al., 1991) for CFS prior to undergoing the Lightning Process.”
Background
Quality of Life of Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Heck, G. L. V., & Vries, J. D. (2002) · Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome · doi:10.1300/j092v10n01_03 · Cited by 19
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Medically Unexplained Physical Symptoms: A Pilot Study
Speckens, A. E. M., Spinhoven, P., Hawton, K. E., Bolk, J. H., & van Hemert, A. M. (1996) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465800016799 · Cited by 19
Atypical depression as a secondary symptom in chronic fatigue syndrome
Hoof, E. V., Cluydts, R., & Meirleir, K. D. (2003) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/s0306-9877(03)00103-8 · Cited by 19
Investigation of Erythrocyte Oxidative Damage in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Richards, R. S., Roberts, T. K., Mathers, D., Dunstan, R. H., McGregor, N., & Butt, H. L. (2000) · Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome · doi:10.1300/j092v06n01_04 · Cited by 19
Somatic hypotheses of war syndromes
Soetekouw, Vries, D., Bergen, V., Galama, Keyser, Bleijenberg, & Meer, V. D. (2000) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.2000.00678.x · Cited by 18
Tired all the time.
Ridsdale, L. (1991) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.303.6816.1490 · Cited by 19
The efficacy of guided self-instruction for patients with idiopathic chronic fatigue: A randomized controlled trial.
Janse, A., Wiborg, J. F., Bleijenberg, G., Tummers, M., & Knoop, H. (2016) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000085 · Cited by 18
Clinical Profile and Aspects of Differential Diagnosis in Patients with ME/CFS from Latvia
Krūmiņa, A., Vecvagare, K., Svirskis, Š., Grāvelsiņa, S., Nora-Krūkle, Z., Gintere, S., & Murovska, M. (2021) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina57090958 · Cited by 18
“One of the most commonly used is the Fukuda criteria (FC) [7], more recently the Canadian Consensus Criteria (CCC) [8] have been proposed, as well as the International Consensus Criteria (ICC) [1], the Oxford criteria (OC) [9] and the criteria released by the IOM in 2015 [10], the latter having received international…”
Method
A Cross Cultural Comparison of Disability and Symptomatology Associated with CFS.
Zdunek, M., Jason, L. A., Evans, M. A., Jantke, R., & Newton, J. L. (2015) · PubMed · doi:10.5923/j.ijpbs.20150502.07 · Cited by 18
“[8] criteria, two used the Oxford [23] criteria, and two used Lloyd et al.”
MethodInfluential
Cortisol output in adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome: Pilot study on the comparison with healthy adolescents and change after cognitive behavioural guided self-help treatment
Rimes, K. A., Papadopoulos, A. S., Cleare, A. J., & Chalder, T. (2014) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.08.018 · Cited by 18
“The CFS group was comprised of patients attending a specialist CFS Unit in London who met CDC (Fukuda et al., 1994) and Oxford (Sharpe et al., 1991) criteria for CFS. Assessment at the CFS clinic included the exclusion of depression or other psychiatric problems as the primary diagnosis.”
Method
Insomnia Symptoms, Subjective Appraisals, and Fatigue: A Multiple Mediation Model
Hare, C. J., Crangle, C. J., Carney, C. E., & Hart, T. L. (2017) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2017.1342167 · Cited by 18
“In contrast, cognitive fatigue is characterized by reduced cognitive performance, including difficulty concentrating, lack of alertness, or inability to complete mental tasks that require self-motivation (Sharpe et al., 1991).”
Background
Adolescent and parent factors related to fatigue in paediatric multiple sclerosis and chronic fatigue syndrome: A comparative study
Carroll, S., Chalder, T., Hemingway, C. A., Heyman, I., Bear, H. A., Sweeney, L., & Moss-Morris, R. E. (2018) · European Journal of Paediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.ejpn.2018.10.006 · Cited by 22
Patterns of daytime physical activity in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome
King, E., Beynon, M., Chalder, T., Sharpe, M., & White, P. D. (2020) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110154 · Cited by 18
Fifteen-minute consultation: Medically unexplained symptoms
Cottrell, D. J. (2016) · Archives of Disease in Childhood Education & Practice · doi:10.1136/archdischild-2015-309344 · Cited by 18
Distress in significant others of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: A systematic review of the literature
Harris, K., Band, R. J., Cooper, H., Macintyre, V. G., Mejía, A., & Wearden, A. J. (2016) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12202 · Cited by 18
Neuroimaging in Functional Somatic Syndromes
Wood, P. B. (2005) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7742(05)67005-5 · Cited by 18
Illness Narrative and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis: a Review
Hughes, J. (2002) · British Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.1177/030802260206500103 · Cited by 18
The chronic fatigue syndrome and hyperventilation
Bazelmans, E., Bleijenberg, G., Vercoulen, J. H. M. M., van der Meer, J. W. M., & Folgering, H. T. M. (1997) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(97)00169-4 · Cited by 18
“Patients were diagnosed with CFS if they fulfilled the Sharpe criteria [10].”
The influence of health beliefs on the presentation and consultation outcome in patients with chemical sensitivities
Gupta, K., & Horne, R. (2001) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(00)00218-x · Cited by 18
Treating Chronic Fatigue states as a disease of the regulation of energy metabolism
Bains, W. (2008) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2008.02.022 · Cited by 18
“Clinical diagnosis emphasises the presence of symptoms of fatigue and the absence of obvious causes [3–5].”
Background
Chronic fatigue syndrome of childhood
Garralda, M. E., & Rangel, L. (2005) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-005-0493-4 · Cited by 18
Systematic reviews of TCM trials: how does inclusion of Chinese trials affect outcome?
Adams, D., Wu, T.-X., Yasui, Y., Aung, S. K., & Vohra, S. (2012) · Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1756-5391.2012.01173.x · Cited by 16
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis
Costa, D. C., & Greco, A. (2004) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-18773-5_17 · Cited by 17
An attention and interpretation bias for illness-specific information in chronic fatigue syndrome
Hughes, A. M., Chalder, T., Hirsch, C. R., & Moss-Morris, R. E. (2016) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291716002890 · Cited by 17
“They were included if they had no previous or current diagnosis of CFS (Sharpe et al. 1991; Fukuda et al. 1994) ascertained through self-reported medical history and a current score of less than 4 on the Chalder Fatigue Scale (Chalder et al.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Fatigue: Case definition and guidelines for collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data
Jones, J. F., Kohl, K. S., Ahmadipour, N., Bleijenberg, G., Buchwald, D., Evengård, B., Jason, L. A., Klimas, N. G., Lloyd, A. R., McCleary, K., et al. (2007) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.02.065 · Cited by 17
Severe chronic fatigue syndrome in chidhood: A discussion of psychopathological mechanisms
Garralda, M. E. (1992) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/bf02091794 · Cited by 17
Ambulatory feedback at daily physical activity patterns
Evering, R. (2013) · doi:10.3990/1.9789036535120 · Cited by 17
Recovery from chronic fatigue syndrome: a systematic review—heterogeneity of definition limits study comparison
Moore, Y., Serafimova, T., Anderson, N., King, H., Richards, A., Brigden, A., Sinai, P., Higgins, J. P. T., Ascough, C., Clery, P., et al. (2021) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/archdischild-2020-320196 · Cited by 16
Psychiatric diagnosis and chronic fatigue syndrome: Controversies and conflicts
Sharpe, M. (2005) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638230500136621 · Cited by 16
“Australian (Lloyd, Wakefield, Boughton, & Dwyer, 1988) and British (Oxford) (Sharpe et al., 1991) case definitions were subsequently published.”
Background
Personality and chronic fatigue syndrome: The role of the five-factor model
Beshārat, M. A., Beh‐Pajooh, A., Poursharifi, H., & Zarani, F. (2011) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2010.12.001 · Cited by 16
“(2002) derived this threeitem scale from earlier work (Pope and Hudson, 1991; Sharpe et al., 1991) to assess fatigue severity.”
The Family Response Questionnaire
Cordingley, L., Wearden, A. J., Appleby, L., & Fisher, L. (2001) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(01)00193-3 · Cited by 16
“[2].”
Background
Therapist Effects and the Impact of Early Therapeutic Alliance on Symptomatic Outcome in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Goldsmith, L. P., Dunn, G., Bentall, R. P., Lewis, S. W., & Wearden, A. J. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0144623 · Cited by 19
Construct validity and internal consistency of the chronic fatigue syndrome activities and participation questionnaire (CFS-APQ)
Nijs, J., Cloostermans, B., McGregor, N., Vaes, P., & DeMeirleir, K. L. (2004) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/09593980490424950 · Cited by 16
Chronic fatigue: electromyographic and neuropathological evaluation
Connolly, S., Smith, D. G., Doyle, D., & Fowler, C. J. (1993) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/bf00867358 · Cited by 16
“Our studies show no convincing evidence of a peripherally based neuromuscular disorder in the patients with chronic fatigue syndrome who do not have significant myalgia and muscle tenderness or in those with the acuteonset post-viral fatigue syndrome, a disease definition which most closely fits the recent published d…”
Background
Excess of activating killer cell immunoglobulin‑like receptors and lack of HLA-Bw4 ligands: A two‑edged weapon in chronic fatigue syndrome
Cuccia, M. (2011) · Molecular Medicine Reports · doi:10.3892/mmr.2011.447 · Cited by 16
Functional Incapacity and Physical and Psychological Symptoms: How They Interconnect in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Priebe, S., Fakhoury, W. K. H., & Henningsen, P. (2008) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000152375 · Cited by 16
Drug points: Acute dissection of the aorta with amphetamine misuse
Dihmis, W. C., Ridley, P. D., Dhasmana, J. P., & WISHEART, J. D. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.314.7095.1665 · Cited by 16
Graded Exercise Therapy for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
White, P. D., & Naish, V. A. (2001) · Physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/s0031-9406(05)60762-6 · Cited by 16
Postviral fatigue syndrome.
Costa, D. C., Brostoff, J., Douli, V., & Ell, P. J. (1992) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.304.6841.1567-a · Cited by 16

Authors: Sharpe, M. C.
Affiliations: Warneford Hospital (GB)
Corresponding author: Sharpe, M C
ORCID: Sharpe, M C
Venue: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 1991-02
Volume: 84
Issue: 2
Pages: 118-121
ISSN: 0141-0768 (ISSN-L)
1758-1095
DOI: 10.1177/014107689108400224
PMC: PMC1293107
OpenAlex: W1538919177
Cited by: 1,026
References: 16
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 21
FWCI: 28.92
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Wellcome Trust
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Coenzyme Q10 studies and effects
Keywords: chronic fatigue syndrome, research guidelines, research priorities
MeSH terms: Humans, Methods, Research, Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic

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