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A report—Chronic fatigue syndrome: Guidelines for research

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Sharpe, M C·1991·Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine

DOI 10.1177/014107689108400224PMC PMC1293107

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Estimating rates of chronic fatigue syndrome from a community‐based sample: A pilot study
Jason, L. A., Taylor, R. R., Wagner, L. I., Holden, J., Ferrari, J. R., Plioplys, A. V., Plioplys, S., Lipkin, D. M., & Papernik, M. (1995) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf02506968 · Cited by 78
Diagnostic Methods for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Systematic Review for a National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop
Haney, E. M., Smith, M. E. B., McDonagh, M. S., Pappas, M., Daeges, M., Wasson, N., & Nelson, H. D. (2015) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m15-0443 · Cited by 79
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“Prior to year 1994, many case definitions were used in research to aid in the diagnosis of this condition, thus limiting comparisons of published studies ((3)).”
Factor analysis of symptoms among subjects with unexplained chronic fatigue
Nisenbaum, R. A., Reyes, M., Unger, E. R., & Reeves, W. C. (2004) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(03)00039-4 · Cited by 77
“All published CFS research case definitions [1–4] represent clinical consensus.”
Background
Tired of being inactive: a systematic literature review of physical activity, physiological exercise capacity and muscle strength in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome
Nijs, J., Aelbrecht, S., Meeus, M., Oosterwijck, J. V., Zinzen, E., & Clarys, P. (2010) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.3109/09638288.2010.541543 · Cited by 76
“Compared to the 1994 case definition for CFS [1], the Oxford criteria for CFS [33] do not include symptoms of depressive illness and anxiety disorders as exclusion factors, and use fewer symptom criteria.”
Method
A Follow-up Study of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: Symptom Persistence and School Absenteeism
Sankey, A., Hill, C. M., Brown, J., Quinn, L., & Fletcher, A. (2006) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1359104506059133 · Cited by 76
“Source: Sharpe et al. (1991). may have more time off school than other chronically ill children (Berg & Nursten, 1996: Marcovitch, 1997).”
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Guided graded exercise self-help plus specialist medical care versus specialist medical care alone for chronic fatigue syndrome (GETSET): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial
Clark, L., Pesola, F., Thomas, J. M., Vergara-Williamson, M., Beynon, M., & White, P. D. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)32589-2 · Cited by 78
Mechanisms Explaining Muscle Fatigue and Muscle Pain in Patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): a Review of Recent Findings
Morris, G., & Maes, M. H. J. (2017) · Current Rheumatology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11926-017-0628-x · Cited by 77
Handbook of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Jason, L. A., Fennell, P. A., & Taylor, R. R. (2003) · Cited by 75
Developing Case Definitions for Symptom-based Conditions: the Problem of Specificity
Hyams, K. C. (1998) · Epidemiologic Reviews · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a017977 · Cited by 75
Disability and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
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Altered functional B cell subset populations in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome compared to healthy controls
Bradley, A. S., Ford, B., & Bansal, A. S. (2013) · Clinical and Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/cei.12043 · Cited by 73
A review of the definitional criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome
Christley, Y., Duffy, T., & Martin, C. R. (2010) · Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01512.x · Cited by 73
“Some 2 years later, researchers and clinicians in the UK developed the 1991 Oxford Case Definition for CFS [25]; the Oxford definition was developed to address concerns regarding the breadth of inclusion of the Australian definition [22] and the too restrictive nature of the 1988 CDC Case Definition [17].”
BackgroundMethod
Personality and social attitudes in chronic fatigue syndrome
Wood, B. L., & Wessely, S. C. (1999) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(99)00025-2 · Cited by 73
Studies on Enterovirus in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Gow, J. W., Behan, W. M. H., Simpson, K., McGarry, F., Keir, S. D., & Behan, P. O. (1994) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/clinids/18.supplement_1.s126 · Cited by 74
Obituary Listing
(1998) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.280.18.1636 · Cited by 74
The relation of sleep difficulties to fatigue, mood and disability in chronic fatigue syndrome.
Morriss, R. K., Wearden, A. J., & Battersby, L. (1997) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(97)89895-9 · Cited by 73
Patient education to encourage graded exercise in chronic fatigue syndrome
Powell, P., Bentall, R. P., Nye, F. J., & Edwards, R. H. T. (2004) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.184.2.142 · Cited by 74
Skeletal muscle bioenergetics in the chronic fatigue syndrome.
Barnes, P. R., Taylor, D. J., Kemp, G. J., & Radda, G. K. (1993) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.56.6.679 · Cited by 73
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome patients’ reports of symptom changes following cognitive behavioural therapy, graded exercise therapy and pacing treatments: Analysis of a primary survey compared with secondary surveys
Geraghty, K., Hann, M., & Kurtev, S. (2017) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105317726152 · Cited by 72
Society, Mind and Body in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: An Anthropological View
Ware, N. C. (2007) · Novartis Foundation symposium · doi:10.1002/9780470514382.ch5 · Cited by 72
Handbook of chronic fatigue syndrome
Couper, J. W. (2004) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1614.2004.01390.x · Cited by 72
The chronic fatigue syndrome—an update
Wyller, V. B. (2007) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.2007.00840.x · Cited by 71
“Other case-definitions in current use are the socalled Oxford-definition (4), the Australian definition (5) and the Canadian definition (6).”
Background
Sleep in the chronic fatigue syndrome
Mariman, A. N., Vogelaers, D. P., Tobback, E., Delesie, L. M., Hanoulle, I. P., & Pevernagie, D. A. (2013) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2012.06.003 · Cited by 71
Generalized anxiety disorder in chronic fatigue syndrome
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Cognitive-behaviour therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: Comparison of outcomes within and outside the confines of a randomised controlled trial
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“The diagnosis of CFS was made by an experienced consultant psychiatrist (SW) according to Oxford (Sharpe et al., 1991) and US Centre for Disease Control (Fukuda et al., 1994) case definitions.”
Method
Coping with chronic fatigue syndrome: illness responses and their relationship with fatigue, functional impairment and emotional status
Ray, C., Jefferies, S., & Weir, W. R. C. (1995) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700037429 · Cited by 71
A review of the predisposing, precipitating and perpetuating factors in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in children and adolescents.
Lievesley, K., Rimes, K., & Chalder, T. (2014) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2014.02.002 · Cited by 73
A randomised, controlled, triple-blind trial of the efficacy of homeopathic treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome
Weatherley-Jones, E., Nicholl, J. P., Thomas, K. J., Parry, G. J., McKendrick, M. W., Green, S. T., Stanley, P., & Spj, L. (2004) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(03)00377-5 · Cited by 70
Chronic fatigue, abuse-related traumatization, and psychiatric disorders in a community-based sample
Taylor, R. R., & Jason, L. A. (2002) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(01)00168-x · Cited by 70
Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome
Larun, L., Brurberg, K. G., Odgaard-Jensen, J., & Price, J. R. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003200.pub3 · Cited by 69
Hypothesis: Cytokines may be activated to cause depressive illness and chronic fatigue syndrome
Ur, E., White, P. D., & Grossman, A. B. (1992) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/bf02195983 · Cited by 68
Enterovirus related metabolic myopathy: a postviral fatigue syndrome
Lane, R. J. M. (2003) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.74.10.1382 · Cited by 69
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and the biopsychosocial model: a review of patient harm and distress in the medical encounter
Geraghty, K., & Blease, C. R. (2018) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2018.1481149 · Cited by 68
“In clinical practice, family doctors may present a biopsychosocial model rationale of ME/CFS [125], with CBT/ GET professed as the only viable treatment options [10,13].”
Background
An ‘Overwhelming Illness’
Edwards, C. R., Thompson, A. R., & Blair, A. (2007) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105307071747 · Cited by 68
Personality and perfectionism in chronic fatigue syndrome: A closer look
Deary, V., & Chalder, T. (2008) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870440802403863 · Cited by 77
Myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome: how could the illness develop?
Morris, G., Maes, M. H. J., Berk, M., & Puri, B. K. (2019) · Metabolic Brain Disease · doi:10.1007/s11011-019-0388-6 · Cited by 70
Do Patients With "Pure" Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (Neurasthenia) Have Abnormal Sleep?
Sharpley, A. L., Clements, A., Hawton, K. E., & Sharpe, M. (1997) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199711000-00006 · Cited by 67
Muscle fibre characteristics and lactate responses to exercise in chronic fatigue syndrome
Lane, R. J. M., BARRETT, M. C., Woodrow, D. F., Moss, J. W. E., Fletcher, R., & ARCHARD, L. C. (1998) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.64.3.362 · Cited by 67
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Klonoff, D. C. (1992) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/clind/15.5.812 · Cited by 67
“Similar criteria have subsequently been proposed in New Zealand in 1987 [12], in Australia in 1988 [13], in the United States in 1988 [14], and in Britain in 1990 [15, 16].”
Background
The role of acceptance in chronic fatigue syndrome
Brooks, S. K., Rimes, K. A., & Chalder, T. (2011) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2011.08.001 · Cited by 65
“Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a disorder defined by persistent severe fatigue, unrelated to exertion and not relieved by rest, lasting at least 6 months [1,2].”
Background
Heterogeneity in chronic fatigue syndrome: evidence from magnetic resonance spectroscopy of muscle
Lane, R. J. M., BARRETT, M. C., Taylor, D. J., Kemp, G. J., & Lodi, R. (1998) · Neuromuscular Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0960-8966(98)00021-2 · Cited by 66
Illness perceptions and mood in chronic fatigue syndrome
Edwards, R., Suresh, R., Lynch, S., Clarkson, P., & Stanley, P. (2001) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(00)00204-x · Cited by 66
Cognitive performance and complaints of cognitive impairment in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)
Wearden, A. J., & Appleby, L. (1997) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291796004035 · Cited by 65
Research on cognitive complaints and cognitive functioning in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS): What conclusions can we draw?
Wearden, A. J., & Appleby, L. (1996) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(96)00131-6 · Cited by 65
Mitochondria and immunity in chronic fatigue syndrome
Anderson, G., & Maes, M. H. J. (2020) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109976 · Cited by 65
Pharmacological treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome: focusing on the role of antidepressants
Pae, C., Marks, D. M., Patkar, A. A., Masand, P. S., Luyten, P., & Serretti, A. (2009) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656560902988510 · Cited by 64
Chronic fatigue syndrome: a clinical and laboratory study with a well matched control group
Swanink, C. M. A., Vercoulen, J. H., Bleijenberg, G., Fennis, J. F. M., Galama, J. M. D., & van der Meer, J. W. M. (1995) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1995.tb00876.x · Cited by 64
Illness perception and symptom components in chronic fatigue syndrome
Ray, C., Weir, W. R. C., Cullen, S., & Phillips, S. M. (1992) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(92)90089-k · Cited by 64
Clinical Presentation of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Komaroff, A. L. (2007) · Novartis Foundation symposium · doi:10.1002/9780470514382.ch4 · Cited by 64
Associations between neuroendocrine responses to the Insulin Tolerance Test and patient characteristics in chronic fatigue syndrome
Gaab, J., Engert, V., Heitz, V., Schad, T., Schürmeyer, T. H., & Ehlert, U. (2004) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(03)00625-1 · Cited by 62
A Role for the Intestinal Microbiota and Virome in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS)?
Navaneetharaja, N., Griffiths, V., Wileman, T., & Carding, S. R. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm5060055 · Cited by 61
“The diagnosis of ME/CFS is commonly based on the Fukuda [11], Oxford [12] and/or the International Consensus Criteria (ICC) classifications [13], that identify the core symptoms of the condition as the presence of neuropsychological features such as a distinguishing post-exertional malaise, sleep disturbance and auton…”
Method
The Origins of Health and Disease
Hyland, M. E. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511976216 · Cited by 66
“Not so for CFS, for which there are UK (or Oxford) criteria (Sharpe et al., 1991), US criteria (Fakuda et al.”
Background
Detection of enterovirus‐specific RNA in serum: The relationship to chronic fatigue
Clements, G. B., McGarry, F., Nairn, C., & Galbraith, D. N. (1995) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.1890450208 · Cited by 63
CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME AND FIBROMYALGIA
Demitrack, M. A. (1998) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0193-953x(05)70031-9 · Cited by 63
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Chalder, T. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118528563.wbcbt23 · Cited by 63
The Emerging Role of Gut Microbiota in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): Current Evidence and Potential Therapeutic Applications
Varesi, A., Deumer, U.-S., Ananth, S. V., & Ricevuti, G. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10215077 · Cited by 66
Chronic fatigue syndrome in patients with macrophagic myofasciitis
Authier, F., Sauvat, S., Champey, J., Drogou, I., Coquet, M., & Gherardi, R. K. (2003) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.10740 · Cited by 62
Myalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome following immunization: macrophagic myofasciitis and animal studies support linkage to aluminum adjuvant persistency and diffusion in the immune system
Gherardi, R. K., Crépeaux, G., & Authier, F. (2019) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2019.05.006 · Cited by 64
Enteroviruses and the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Swanink, C. M. A., Melchers, W. J. G., van der Meer, J. W. M., Vercoulen, J. H. M. M., Bleijenberg, G., Fennis, J. F. M., & Galama, J. M. D. (1994) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/clinids/19.5.860 · Cited by 61
“[17] were fulfilled.”
Rethinking neurasthenia: The illness concepts of Shenjing Shuairuo among Chinese undergraduates in Hong Kong
Lee, S., & Wong, K. C. (1995) · Culture Medicine and Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/bf01388250 · Cited by 60
The persistence of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Dehlia, A., & Guthridge, M. A. (2024) · Journal of Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106297 · Cited by 79
Increased nuclear factor-κB and loss of p53 are key mechanisms in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)
Morris, G., & Maes, M. H. J. (2012) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2012.07.034 · Cited by 65
“[3] and Reeves et al.”
Background
Orthostatic instability in a population-based study of chronic fatigue syndrome
Jones, J. F., Nicholson, A. C., Nisenbaum, R. A., Papanicolaou, D. A., Solomon, L., Boneva, R. S., Heim, C. C., & Reeves, W. C. (2005) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.06.013 · Cited by 60
Practitioner Review: Chronic fatigue syndrome in childhood
Garralda, M. E., & Chalder, T. (2005) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01424.x · Cited by 60
Salivary cortisol output before and after cognitive behavioural therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome
Roberts, A. D. L., Papadopoulos, A. S., Wessely, S. C., Chalder, T., & Cleare, A. J. (2008) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2008.09.013 · Cited by 59
A definition‐based analysis of symptoms in a large cohort of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome
Becker, P. D., McGregor, N., & Meirleir, K. D. (2001) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2796.2001.00890.x · Cited by 59
Causal attributions for somatic sensations in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and their partners
BUTLER, J. A., Chalder, T., & Wessely, S. C. (2001) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291799003001 · Cited by 59
“Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a disorder of uncertain aetiology that is defined by a primary symptom of fatigue causing functional impairment (Sharpe et al. 1991; Fukuda et al. 1994).”
BackgroundMethod
Chronic fatigue syndrome in children: a cross sectional survey
Patel, M. X. (2003) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.88.10.894 · Cited by 59
Physical fatigability and exercise capacity in chronic fatigue syndrome: Association with disability, somatization and psychopathology
Fischler, B., Dendale, P., Michiels, V., Cluydts, R., Kaufman, L., & Meirleir, K. D. (1997) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(96)00297-8 · Cited by 59
EDITORIAL Reviving the diagnosis of neurasthenia
Hickie, I. B., Hadži-Pavlović, D., & RICCI, C. (1997) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291797004893 · Cited by 59
Are Chronic Fatigue and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Valid Clinical Entities Across Countries and Health-Care Settings?
Hickie, I. B., Davenport, T. A., Vernon, S. D., Nisenbaum, R. A., Reeves, W. C., Hadži-Pavlović, D., Lloyd, A. R., & the International Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Study Group (2009) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00048670802534432 · Cited by 60
“2 74 SPHERE CFS [9,11,12] Hickie I$ PC 187 57.”
A Systematic Review of Drug Therapies for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis
Collatz, A., Johnston, S., Staines, D., & Marshall‐Gradisnik, S. (2016) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2016.04.038 · Cited by 57
Annotation: Chronic fatigue syndrome in children and adolescents
Garralda, M. E., & Rangel, L. (2002) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00010 · Cited by 58
A Study of the Immunology of the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Correlation of Immunologic Parameters to Health Dysfunction
Hassan, I. S., Bannister, B. A., Akbar, A. N., Weir, W., & Bofill, M. (1998) · Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology · doi:10.1006/clin.1997.4512 · Cited by 58
Metacognitions and negative emotions as predictors of symptom severity in chronic fatigue syndrome
Maher-Edwards, L., Fernie, B. A., Murphy, G., Wells, A., & Spada, M. M. (2011) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.09.016 · Cited by 56
“All patients were given a formal diagnosis of CFS according to the Oxford Criteria [37].”
Method
Subjective but not actigraphy-defined sleep predicts next-day fatigue in chronic fatigue syndrome: a prospective daily diary study.
Russell, C., Wearden, A. J., Fairclough, G., Emsley, R. A., & Kyle, S. D. (2016) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.5658 · Cited by 57
Chronic fatigue syndrome: a 20th century illness?
Wessely, S. C. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 57
Self-help treatment of chronic fatigue in the community: A randomized controlled trial
Chalder, T., Wallace, P., & Wessely, S. (1997) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8287.1997.tb00535.x · Cited by 56
The prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome in Iceland - A national comparison by gender drawing on four different criteria
Líndal, E., Stefánsson, J. G., & Bergmann, S. (2002) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039480260242769 · Cited by 56
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Shephard, R. J. (2001) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200131030-00003 · Cited by 56
Psychosocial factors and chronic fatigue syndrome
Lewis, S., Cooper, C. L., & Bennett, D. (1994) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700027811 · Cited by 57
“Although some agreement has been reached, at least for research purposes, concerning diagnostic criteria (Sharpe et al. 1991), the aetiology of CFS, as well as its symptomatology, management and prognosis, continue to be a source of controversy.”
BackgroundMethod
Fatigue in an adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder population: A trans‐diagnostic approach
Rogers, D. C., Dittner, A. J., Rimes, K. A., & Chalder, T. (2017) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12119 · Cited by 50
“Medically unexplained fatigue that persists for longer than 6 months and is present more than 50% of the time, accompanied by significant functional impairment and psychological distress, satisfies criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) (Sharpe et al., 1991).”
BackgroundMethod
Using Multiple Sources of Knowledge to Reach Clinical Understanding of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Chew-Graham, C. A., Cahill, G., Dowrick, C. F., Wearden, A. J., & Peters, S. (2008) · The Annals of Family Medicine · doi:10.1370/afm.867 · Cited by 55
Psychometric Properties and Factor Structure of a Long and Shortened Version of the Cognitive and Behavioural Responses Questionnaire
Ryan, E., Vitoratou, S., Goldsmith, K., & Chalder, T. (2017) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000536 · Cited by 55
“Shortly after its recognition as an illness (6,7), clinical researchers postulated a cognitive behavioral model of CFS that hypothesized that CFS symptoms are perpetuated by the patients' cognitive and behavioral responses to the illness (8,9).”
BackgroundMethod
Loss of Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 3 ion channel function in natural killer cells from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients
Cabanas, H., Muraki, K., Eaton-Fitch, N., Balinas, C., Staines, D., & Marshall‐Gradisnik, S. (2018) · Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1186/s10020-018-0046-1 · Cited by 56
“…a hallmark of NK cell function (Brenu et al., 2012; Brenu et al., 2011; Curriu et al., 2013; Hardcastle et al., 2015; Huth et al., 2016a; Klimas et al., 1990; Maher et al., 2005; Natelson et al., 2002; Nijs & Frémont, 2008; Sharpe et al., 1991; Siegel et al., 2006; Stanietsky & Mandelboim, 2010).”
Relation between plasma lactate and blood cyanide concentrations in acute cyanide poisoning
Baud, F. J., Borron, S. W., Bavoux, E., Astier, A., & Hoffman, J. R. (1996) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.312.7022.26 · Cited by 55
Contrasting chronic fatigue syndrome versus myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
Jason, L. A., Brown, A. A., Evans, M. A., Sunnquist, M., & Newton, J. L. (2013) · Fatigue Biomedicine Health & Behavior · doi:10.1080/21641846.2013.774556 · Cited by 54
“, [31,32], but they have not been widely utilized by the research community.”
Background
Effects of activity pacing in patients with chronic conditions associated with fatigue complaints: a meta-analysis
Abonie, U. S., SANDERCOCK, G. R. H., Heesterbeek, M., & Hettinga, F. J. (2018) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2018.1504994 · Cited by 54
“[40] or the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention [41] crite-”
Background
Infection and vaccination in chronic fatigue syndrome: Myth or reality?
Appel, S. A., Chapman, J., & Shoenfeld, Y. (2007) · Autoimmunity · doi:10.1080/08916930701197273 · Cited by 54
“Other commonly used criteria were published by the Oxford Group [4].”
Method
A model of parental representations, second individuation, and psychological adjustment in late adolescence
Boles, S. A. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4679(199904)55:4 · Cited by 28
An Empirical Delineation of the Heterogeneity of Chronic Unexplained Fatigue in Women
Vollmer-Conna, U. S., Aslakson, E., & White, P. D. (2006) · Pharmacogenomics · doi:10.2217/14622416.7.3.355 · Cited by 54
Increased prolactin response to buspirone in chronic fatigue syndrome
Sharpe, M., Clements, A., Hawton, K. E., Young, A. H., Sargent, P. A., & Cowen, P. J. (1996) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/0165-0327(96)00075-4 · Cited by 54
Alcohol consumption and cognitive performance in a random sample of Australian soldiers who served in the second world war
Dent, O. F., SULWAY, M.-R., Broe, G. A., Creasey, H. M., Kos, S. C., Jorm, A. F., Tennant, C., & Fairley, M. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.314.7095.1655 · Cited by 53
Can patients with chronic fatigue syndrome really recover after graded exercise or cognitive behavioural therapy? A critical commentary and preliminary re-analysis of the PACE trial
Wilshire, C. E., Kindlon, T., Matthees, A., & McGrath, S. J. (2016) · Fatigue Biomedicine Health & Behavior · doi:10.1080/21641846.2017.1259724 · Cited by 54
“Clinical case definition of CFS Patients had to fail to meet the Oxford case definition for CFS [4], as well as the CDC and London case definitions [13,14].”
Method
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 1: Etiology and Pathogenesis
Farrar, D. J., Locke, S. E., & Kantrowitz, F. G. (1995) · Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/08964289.1995.9933737 · Cited by 53
Defining recovery in chronic fatigue syndrome: a critical review
Adamowicz, J. L., Caikauskaite, I., & Friedberg, F. (2014) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-014-0705-9 · Cited by 53
Chronotropic Intolerance: An Overlooked Determinant of Symptoms and Activity Limitation in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome?
Davenport, T. E., Lehnen, M., Stevens, S. R., VanNess, J. M., Stevens, J., & Snell, C. R. (2019) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2019.00082 · Cited by 53
The ‘cognitive behavioural model’ of chronic fatigue syndrome: Critique of a flawed model
Geraghty, K., Jason, L. A., Sunnquist, M., Tuller, D., Blease, C., & Adeniji, C. (2019) · Health Psychology Open · doi:10.1177/2055102919838907 · Cited by 56
“Review of this study suggests that many patients were likely depressed patients given a CFS diagnosis using the Oxford criteria (Sharpe et al., 1991).”
Personality and chronic fatigue syndrome: methodological and conceptual issues
van Geelen, S. M., Sinnema, G., Hermans, H. J. M., & Kuis, W. (2007) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2007.01.010 · Cited by 52

Authors: Sharpe, M. C.
Affiliations: Warneford Hospital (GB)
Corresponding author: Sharpe, M C
ORCID: Sharpe, M C
Venue: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 1991-02
Volume: 84
Issue: 2
Pages: 118-121
ISSN: 0141-0768 (ISSN-L)
1758-1095
DOI: 10.1177/014107689108400224
PMC: PMC1293107
OpenAlex: W1538919177
Cited by: 1,026
References: 16
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 21
FWCI: 28.92
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Wellcome Trust
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Coenzyme Q10 studies and effects
Keywords: chronic fatigue syndrome, research guidelines, research priorities
MeSH terms: Humans, Methods, Research, Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic

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