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A report—Chronic fatigue syndrome: Guidelines for research

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Sharpe, M C·1991·Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine

DOI 10.1177/014107689108400224PMC PMC1293107

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Postviral fatigue syndrome: time for a new approach
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Items 301–400 of 1,000

The role of deconditioning and therapeutic exercise in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)
Clark, L., & White, P. D. (2005) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638230500136308 · Cited by 52
‘What is it like to have ME?’: The discursive construction of ME in computer-mediated communication and face-to-face interaction
Guise, J., Widdicombe, S., & McKinlay, A. (2006) · Health An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health Illness and Medicine · doi:10.1177/1363459307070806 · Cited by 55
“…of persisting or relapsing fatigue lasting six months or more; sore throat; tender lymph nodes; joint and muscle pain; headaches; post-exertion malaise; sleep disorder; and impaired memory or concentration (Fukuda et al., 1994; Holmes et al., 1988; Schluederberg et al., 1992; Sharpe et al., 1991).”
Background
Cognitions, behaviours and co-morbid psychiatric diagnoses in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome
Cella, M., White, P. D., Sharpe, M., & Chalder, T. (2012) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291712000979 · Cited by 55
“Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) The non-patient edition of the SCID with psychotic screen (SCID i/P; First et al. 2002) was used to identify anxiety and depression diagnoses and also exclusionary psychiatric diagnoses (Sharpe et al. 1991).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Normal Virus Load in Blood and Normal Immunologic Reactivity in the EBV Regression Assay
Swanink, C. M. A., van der Meer, J. W. M., Vercoulen, J. H. M. M., Bleijenberg, G., Fennis, J. F. M., & Galama, J. M. D. (1995) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/clinids/20.5.1390 · Cited by 52
“[10].”
Comparing the dis with the scid: Chronic fatigue syndrome and psychiatric comorbidity
Taylor, R. R., & Jason, L. A. (1998) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870449808407452 · Cited by 49
The status of and future research into Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: the need of accurate diagnosis, objective assessment, and acknowledging biological and clinical subgroups
Twisk, F. (2014) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2014.00109 · Cited by 51
“Outbreaks of a disease resembling “atypical poliomyelitis” (Gilliam, 1938) occurred from the 1940s through the 1980s at various places over the world (The Medical Staff of The Royal Free Hospital, 1957; 1978; Hyde et al., 1992).”
BackgroundInfluential
An Investigation into the Cognitive Deficits Associated with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Thomas, M., & Smith, A. P. (2009) · The Open Neurology Journal · doi:10.2174/1874205x00903010013 · Cited by 51
Mediators of the effects on fatigue of pragmatic rehabilitation for chronic fatigue syndrome.
Wearden, A. J., & Emsley, R. (2013) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0033561 · Cited by 54
Brain MR in chronic fatigue syndrome.
Greco, A., Tannock, C., Brostoff, J., & Costa, D. C. (1997) · PubMed Central · Cited by 51
Personality in adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome
Rangel, L., Garralda, M. E., Levin, M., & Roberts, H. (2000) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s007870050114 · Cited by 51
“Their case notes were checked to certify that they had previously ful®lled the `Oxford Criteria' for CFS (19).”
Method
Fatigue in the chronic fatigue syndrome: A cognitive phenomenon?
Fry, A. M., & Martin, M. (1996) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(96)00190-0 · Cited by 51
“'s [1] criteria, the fatigue must have been present for”
Background
Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome
Larun, L., Brurberg, K. G., Odgaard‐Jensen, J., & Price, J. R. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003200.pub6 · Cited by 56
Differential effects of behavioral interventions with a graded physical activity component in patients suffering from Chronic Fatigue (Syndrome): an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.
Marques, M. M., De Gucht, V., Gouveia, M. J., Leal, I., & Maes, S. (2015) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.05.009 · Cited by 50
“One study (Jason et al., 2007) used the Fatigue Severity Scale (Krupp, LaRocca, Muir-Nash, & Steinberg, 1989) and another trial (Sharpe et al., 1996) used a singleitem to assess fatigue.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
The effectiveness of activity pacing interventions for people with chronic fatigue syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Casson, S. M., Jones, M. D., Cassar, J., Kwai, N. C. G., Lloyd, A. R., Barry, B. K., & Sandler, C. X. (2022) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2022.2135776 · Cited by 51
“For instance, the largest study included in this review, the PACE trial, used the Oxford criteria [51] which is more inclusive and may give higher prevalence estimates for CFS [52].”
Family-focused cognitive behaviour therapy versus psycho-education for adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome: Long-term follow-up of an RCT
Lloyd, S., Chalder, T., & Rimes, K. A. (2012) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2012.08.005 · Cited by 50
“63 11 to 18-year olds referred to King’s College Hospital London and fulfilling either the Oxford or CDC criteria for CFS (Fukuda et al., 1994; Sharpe et al., 1991) took part in the original trial and were randomly assigned to family-focused CBT (n ¼ 32) or psychoeducation (n ¼ 31).”
Method
Autonomic function in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome
Soetekouw, P. M. M. B., Lenders, J. W. M., Bleijenberg, G., Thien, T., & van der Meer, J. W. M. (1999) · Clinical Autonomic Research · doi:10.1007/bf02318380 · Cited by 50
Does hypocortisolism predict a poor response to cognitive behavioural therapy in chronic fatigue syndrome?
Roberts, A. D. L., Charler, M.-L., Papadopoulos, A. S., Wessely, S. C., Chalder, T., & Cleare, A. J. (2009) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291709990390 · Cited by 51
Cognitive behavioural therapy for chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome: outcomes from a specialist clinic in the UK
Adamson, J., Ali, S., Santhouse, A. M., Wessely, S. C., & Chalder, T. (2020) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/0141076820951545 · Cited by 50
“At the more severe end of the spectrum, chronic fatigue syndrome, also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis, is characterised by long-term fatigue, post-exertional malaise and other persistent symptoms such as sleep disturbance, cognitive problems and muscle pain.(2,3) By definition, chronic fatigue syndrome is associat…”
BackgroundMethod
Influence of melatonin on fatigue severity in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and late melatonin secretion
van Heukelom, R. O., Prins, J. B., Smits, M. G., & Bleijenberg, G. (2006) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01132.x · Cited by 50
“According to several reports known physical causes for chronic fatigue have to be excluded before diagnosing CFS [37–42].”
Background
Sociosomatics and Illness Course in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Ware, N. C. (1998) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199807000-00003 · Cited by 50
“Rates of improvement have been reported at 33% (53) and 61% (54) for United States samples, 55% for a group followed up in Great Britain (55), and 64% for a cohort in Australia (56).”
Background
Psychosocial risk factors for chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome following presumed viral illness: a case–control study
Cope, H., MANN, A. H., Pelosi, A. J., & David, A. S. (1996) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700035923 · Cited by 52
Does the heterogeneity of chronic fatigue syndrome moderate the response to cognitive behaviour therapy? An exploratory study
Cella, M., Chalder, T., & White, P. D. (2011) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000327582 · Cited by 49
Traditional Chinese medicinal herbs for the treatment of idiopathic chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome
Adams, D., Wu, T., Yang, X., Tai, S., & Vohra, S. (2009) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006348.pub2 · Cited by 50
Retracted
Attentional and interpretive bias towards illness‐related information in chronic fatigue syndrome: A systematic review
Hughes, A. M., Hirsch, C. R., Chalder, T., & Moss-Morris, R. E. (2016) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12207 · Cited by 52
“Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is characterised by disabling mental and physical fatigue, which lasts at least six months and cannot be attributed to any other medical condition (Fukuda et al., 1994; Sharpe et al., 1991).”
Background
Corticomotor excitability and perception of effort during sustained exercise in the chronic fatigue syndrome
Sacco, P., Hope, P., Thickbroom, G. W., Byrnes, M. L., & Mastaglia, F. L. (1999) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s1388-2457(99)00144-3 · Cited by 49
Cognitive Functioning in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Michiels, V., Cluydts, R., Fischler, B., Hoffmann, G., Bon, O. L., & Meirleir, K. D. (1996) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/01688639608408290 · Cited by 49
Neurobiological aspects of the chronic fatigue syndrome
Bearn, J., & Wessely, S. C. (1994) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1994.tb00971.x · Cited by 49
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in Adults: Face to Face versus Telephone Treatment - A Randomized Controlled Trial
Burgess, M., Andiappan, M., & Chalder, T. (2011) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465811000543 · Cited by 48
“Other symptoms may be present, particularly myalgia, mood and sleep disturbance, concentration and memory problems (Sharpe et al., 1991).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Moss-Morris, R. E., & Petrie, K. J. (2002) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203183212 · Cited by 48
Biopsychosocial risk factors of persistent fatigue after acute infection: A systematic review to inform interventions
Hulme, K., Hudson, J. L., Rojczyk, P., Little, P. S., & Moss-Morris, R. E. (2017) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.06.013 · Cited by 48
“Measured fatigue outcome using a valid and reliable self-report tool or diagnosis by a medical professional according to international diagnostic guidelines [8,18] or professional clinical opinion at follow-up.”
Illness and disability in Danish Chronic Fatigue Syndrome patients at diagnosis and 5-year follow-up
Andersen, M. M., Permin, H., & Albrecht, F. (2004) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(03)00065-5 · Cited by 48
“[3].”
Coping and illness cognitions
Ax, S., Gregg, V. H., & Jones, D. (2001) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(99)00031-8 · Cited by 48
Physical Fatigue Detection Using Entropy Analysis of Heart Rate Signals
Nasirzadeh, F., Mir, M., Hussain, S., Darbandy, M. T., Khosravi, A., Nahavandi, S., & Aisbett, B. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12072714 · Cited by 53
“The previous studies harnessed physiological signals to estimate fatigue level, since it results from physical overexertion and is associated with physiological symptoms [8].”
Background
Fatigue Intervention by Nurses Evaluation – The FINE Trial. A randomised controlled trial of nurse led self-help treatment for patients in primary care with chronic fatigue syndrome: study protocol. [ISRCTN74156610]
Wearden, A. J., Riste, L., Dowrick, C. F., Chew-Graham, C. A., Bentall, R. P., Morriss, R. K., Peters, S., Dunn, G., Richardson, G. A., Lovell, K., et al. (2006) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-4-9 · Cited by 46
“Background Chronic fatigue syndrome, also known as ME (CFS/ME), is a symptomatically-defined condition in which the main complaint is medically unexplained fatigue, lasting at least six months, and of sufficient severity to impair the patient's functioning substantially [1,2].”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Do graded activity therapies cause harm in chronic fatigue syndrome?
Kindlon, T. (2017) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105317697323 · Cited by 47
“…were used to select participants in the PACE trial, it is an essential part of many criteria used by researchers (indeed it was proposed that the condition be renamed ‘systemic exertion intolerance disease’ in 2015) (Institute of Medicine (IOM), 2015; Jason and Fragale, 2016; Sharpe et al., 1991).”
Method
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: From pathophysiological insights to novel therapeutic opportunities
Morris, G., Puri, B. K., Walker, A. J., Maes, M. H. J., Carvalho, A. F., Walder, K. R., Mazza, C., & Berk, M. (2019) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104450 · Cited by 47
Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Chronic Fatigue, and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Community-Based Study
TAYLOR, R. R., & Jason, L. A. (2001) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-200110000-00008 · Cited by 47
“The questionnaire assessed whether each respondent was currently experiencing unexplained, severe fatigue for 6 or more months, and it included ratable diagnostic items from all three of the currently used definitions of CFS (Fukuda et al., 1994; Lloyd et al., 1990; Sharpe et al., 1991).”
Method
Heterogeneity of serum tryptophan concentration and availability to the brain in patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome
Badawy, A. A. ‐., Morgan, C. J., Llewelyn, M. B., Albuquerque, S. R. J., & FARMER, A. E. (2005) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881105053293 · Cited by 47
“The chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a persistent and debilitating condition associated with a variety of somatic and psychological symptoms (Sharpe et al., 1991; Fukuda et al., 1994).”
Background
Fatigue Symptoms Associated With COVID-19 in Convalescent or Recovered COVID-19 Patients; a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Rao, S., Benzouak, T., Gunpat, S., Burns, R. J., Tahir, T. A., Jolles, S. R. A., & Kisely, S. R. (2021) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kaab081 · Cited by 51
“The Oxford Criteria (1991) for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, includes a subtype of “post infectious fatigue syndrome (PIFS)” [30].”
Method
Digging into “Zoom Fatigue”: A Qualitative Exploration of Remote Work Challenges and Virtual Meeting Stressors
Lübstorf, S., Allen, J. A., Eden, E., Kramer, W. S., Reiter‐Palmon, R., & Lehmann‐Willenbrock, N. (2023) · Merits · doi:10.3390/merits3010010 · Cited by 46
“The concept of fatigue itself originated in physiology, where it is understood as a decline in performance due to preceding physical exertion [25].”
Background
Individuals’ experience of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: An interpretative phenomenological analysis
Arroll, M. A., & Senior, V. (2008) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/14768320701246469 · Cited by 47
“The original CDC case definition has been revised and, presently, there are two widely used guidelines: the Oxford criteria (Sharpe et al., 1991) and the CDC criteria (Fukuda et al., 1994).”
Method
Chronic fatigue syndrome: Is it one discrete syndrome or many? Implications for the “one vs. many” functional somatic syndromes debate
White, P. D. (2010) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.01.008 · Cited by 46
Adverse events and deterioration reported by participants in the PACE trial of therapies for chronic fatigue syndrome
Dougall, D., Johnson, A. L., Goldsmith, K., Sharpe, M., Angus, B., Chalder, T., & White, P. D. (2014) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.04.002 · Cited by 46
“The PACE trial recruited 641 patients from secondary care clinics with a diagnosis of CFS, using the Oxford criteria, which require six or more months of disabling fatigue,with fatigue being the principal symptom, and no alternative, explanatory diagnosis [20].”
Method
Naltrexone Restores Impaired Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 3 Ion Channel Function in Natural Killer Cells From Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients
Cabanas, H., Muraki, K., Staines, D., & Marshall‐Gradisnik, S. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02545 · Cited by 48
Gender Biases Underlying the Social Construction of Illness States: The Case of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Richman, J. A., & Jason, L. A. (2001) · Current Sociology · doi:10.1177/0011392101049003003 · Cited by 48
Report of a workshop on the epidemiology, natural history, and pathogenesis of chronic fatigue syndrome in adolescents
Marshall, G. S. (1999) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(99)70195-2 · Cited by 46
Muscle Histopathology and Physiology in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Edwards, R. H. T., Gibson, H., Clague, J. E., & Helliwell, T. R. (2007) · Novartis Foundation symposium · doi:10.1002/9780470514382.ch7 · Cited by 46
Subjective quality of life in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome
Rakib, A., White, P. D., Pinching, A. J., Hedge, B., Newbery, N., Fakhoury, W. K., & Priebe, S. (2005) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-004-1693-y · Cited by 45
Risk factors for chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: a systematic scoping review of multiple predictor studies
Hempel, S., Chambers, D., Bagnall, A., & Forbes, C. A. (2007) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291707001602 · Cited by 45
“Widely accepted criteria for case definitions are the Oxford criteria (Sharpe et al. 1991) and the Centre for Disease Control (CDC) definition (Fukuda et al. 1994).”
Method
How to exercise people with chronic fatigue syndrome: evidence‐based practice guidelines
Cauwenbergh, D. V., Kooning, M. D., Ickmans, K., & Nijs, J. (2012) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.2012.02701.x · Cited by 45
Identification of novel expressed sequences, up‐regulated in the leucocytes of chronic fatigue syndrome patients
Powell, R., Ren, J., Lewith, G. T., Barclay, W., Holgate, S. T., & Almond, J. (2003) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01745.x · Cited by 45
Prevalence and predictors of recovery from chronic fatigue syndrome in a routine clinical practice
Flo, E., & Chalder, T. (2014) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2014.08.013 · Cited by 44
“Two commonly used criteria are; the Oxford criteria (Sharpe et al., 1991), and the US Center for Disease Control (CDC) criteria (Fukuda et al., 1994).”
A new hypothesis of chronic fatigue syndrome: Co-conditioning theory
Tanaka, M., & Watanabe, Y. (2010) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2010.02.032 · Cited by 44
Diagnosis of psychiatric disorder in clinical evaluation of chronic fatigue syndrome
Deale, A. C., & Wessely, S. C. (2000) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/014107680009300608 · Cited by 44
Simultaneous immunisation with influenza vaccine and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in patients with chronic respiratory disease: Table 1
Fletcher, T., Tunnicliffe, W. S., Hammond, K., Roberts, K., & Ayres, J. G. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.314.7095.1663 · Cited by 43
Chronic Fatigue and Sociodemographic Characteristics as Predictors of Psychiatric Disorders in a Community-based Sample
Taylor, R. R., Jason, L. A., & Jahn, S. C. (2003) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000088580.28749.7f · Cited by 45
Investigation by Polymerase Chain Reaction of Enteroviral Infection in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
McArdle, A., McArdle, F., Jackson, M. J., Page, S., Fahal, I. H., & Edwards, R. H. T. (1996) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs0900295 · Cited by 44
An evaluation of exclusionary medical/psychiatric conditions in the definition of chronic fatigue syndrome
Jones, J. F., Lin, J.-M. S., Maloney, E. M., Boneva, R. S., Nater, U. M., Unger, E. R., & Reeves, W. C. (2009) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-7-57 · Cited by 43
Prevalence of severe fatigue in primary care
Haines, L. (2005) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.2003.039917 · Cited by 43
Work Rehabilitation and Medical Retirement for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients. A Review and Appraisal of Diagnostic Strategies
Vink, M., & Vink-Niese, F. (2019) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics9040124 · Cited by 47
“Unfortunately, postexertional malaise (PEM), the main characteristic of the disease, is not a requirement for diagnosis according to the Oxford criteria [13] which are primarily used in the UK.”
BackgroundMethod
Primary healthcare provision and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: a survey of patients' and General Practitioners' beliefs
Thomas, M. A., & Smith, A. P. (2005) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/1471-2296-6-49 · Cited by 43
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in Children
Bell, D. S. (1995) · Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome · doi:10.1300/j092v01n01_03 · Cited by 43
How have selection bias and disease misclassification undermined the validity of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome studies?
Nacul, L., Lacerda, E., Kingdon, C. C., Curran, H., & Bowman, E. W. (2017) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105317695803 · Cited by 41
“When studies using the broad Oxford criteria (Sharpe et al., 1991) were excluded, a virtual disappearance of effect for graded exercise therapy (GET), cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) and other psychological therapies recommended by the NICE guidelines (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), 2007)…”
Method
Challenges of nurse delivery of psychological interventions for long-term conditions in primary care: a qualitative exploration of the case of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalitis
Peters, S., Wearden, A. J., Morriss, R. K., Dowrick, C. F., Lovell, K., Brooks, J. M., Cahill, G., & Chew-Graham, C. A. (2011) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/1748-5908-6-132 · Cited by 42
“Patients were eligible if they were aged 18 years or over, fulfilled the Oxford inclusion criteria for CFS [33], scored 70% or less on the 36 item Short Form Health Survey (SF36) physical functioning scale, and scored 4 or more on the 11-item Chalder fatigue scale [34].”
Hematologic and Urinary Excretion Anomalies in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Niblett, S. H., King, K., Dunstan, R. H., Clifton-Bligh, P. B., Hoskin, L., Roberts, T. K., Fulcher, G., McGregor, N., Dunsmore, J. C., Butt, H. L., et al. (2007) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.3181/0702-rm-44 · Cited by 42
“The recruited CFS patients had previously been diagnosed as having CFS by a clinician, and their diagnosis was confirmed by RNSH clinicians using the Oxford CFS case definition (23).”
Method
Prediction of peak oxygen uptake in chronic fatigue syndrome.
Mullis, R., Campbell, I. T., Wearden, A. J., Morriss, R. K., & Pearson, D. J. (1999) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsm.33.5.352 · Cited by 42
MicroRNAs hsa-miR-99b, hsa-miR-330, hsa-miR-126 and hsa-miR-30c: Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers in Natural Killer (NK) Cells of Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)/ Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME)
Petty, R. D., McCarthy, N. E., Dieu, R. L., & Kerr, J. R. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0150904 · Cited by 45
Mortality in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome
McManimen, S. L., Devendorf, A. R., Brown, A. A., Moore, B. C., Moore, J. H., & Jason, L. A. (2016) · Fatigue Biomedicine Health & Behavior · doi:10.1080/21641846.2016.1236588 · Cited by 44
“study included wide diagnostic criteria, with one definition only requiring six months of fatigue, which could encompass many individuals who do not have ME and CFS [12].”
Background
How significant are primary sleep disorders and sleepiness in the chronic fatigue syndrome?
Bon, O. L., Fischler, B., Hoffmann, G., Murphy, J. R., Meirleir, K. D., Cluydts, R., & Pelc, I. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 42
Changes in growth hormone, insulin, insulinlike growth factors (IGFs), and IGF-binding protein-1 in chronic fatigue syndrome
Allain, T. J., Beam, J. A., Coskeran, P., Jones, J. L., Checkley, A. M., Butler, J., Wessely, S. C., & MIELL, J. P. (1997) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(96)00074-1 · Cited by 42
A Review of Sleep in Selected Immune and Autoimmune Disorders
Lashley, F. R. (2003) · Holistic Nursing Practice · doi:10.1097/00004650-200303000-00002 · Cited by 47
Fluctuations in Perceived Energy and Mood among Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Wood, C., Magnello, M. E., & Sharpe, M. (1992) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/014107689208500405 · Cited by 42
The adoption of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis case definitions to assess prevalence: a systematic review
Johnston, S., Brenu, E., Staines, D., & Marshall‐Gradisnik, S. (2013) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.04.003 · Cited by 41
“50% for both the Oxford [3] and Fukuda definitions [4], while no cases fulfilled the 1988 CDC [1].”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Validation of impaired Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 3 ion channel activity in natural killer cells from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/ Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients
Cabanas, H., Muraki, K., Balinas, C., Eaton-Fitch, N., Staines, D., & Marshall‐Gradisnik, S. (2019) · Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1186/s10020-019-0083-4 · Cited by 41
“The most consistent feature reported in CFS/ME is a reduction in NK cell cytotoxicity (Brenu et al., 2012; Curriu et al., 2013; Hardcastle et al., 2015; Huth et al., 2016; Klimas et al., 1990; Maher et al., 2005; Natelson et al., 2002; Nijs & Frémont, 2008; Sharpe et al., 1991; Siegel et al., 2006; Stanietsky & Mandel…”
BackgroundInfluential
Shadow Burden of Undiagnosed Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) on Society: Retrospective and Prospective—In Light of COVID-19
Arāja, D., Berķis, U., Lunga, A., & Murovska, M. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10143017 · Cited by 41
“(1988) [9], Australian (1990) [10], Oxford (1991) [11]); • ME (Ramsay et al.”
A qualitative exploration of adolescents' experiences of chronic fatigue syndrome
Jelbert, R., Stedmon, J., & Stephens, A. (2010) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1359104509340940 · Cited by 41
The role of depression in pain, psychophysiological syndromes and medically unexplained symptoms associated with chronic fatigue syndrome
Morriss, R. K., Ahmed, M. T., Wearden, A. J., Mullis, R., Strickland, P., Appleby, L., Campbell, I. T., & Pearson, D. (1999) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(98)00218-3 · Cited by 41
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Fulcher, K., & White, P. D. (1998) · Physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/s0031-9406(05)65554-x · Cited by 41
Psychological correlates of functional status in chronic fatigue syndrome
Taillefer, S., Kirmayer, L. J., Robbins, J. M., & Lasry, J.-C. (2002) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00566-4 · Cited by 41
“Fatigue severity Fatigue severity was measured with a three-item fatigueseverity scale derived for this study from earlier work [34,35].”
Method
Defensive coping styles in chronic fatigue syndrome
Creswell, C., & Chalder, T. (2001) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(01)00267-7 · Cited by 40
“All but five participants fulfilled Oxford Diagnostic Criteria for CFS [11], leaving 24 with CFS.”
Background
Chronic debilitating fatigue in Irish general practice: a survey of general practitioners' experience.
Fitzgibbon, E., Murphy, D., O'Shea, K., & Kelleher, C. C. (1997) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 40
Attention and Information Processing Efficiency in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Michiels, V., Gucht, V. D., Cluydts, R., & Fischler, B. (1999) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1076/jcen.21.5.709.875 · Cited by 40
Chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome: shifting boundaries and attributions
Lloyd, A. R. (1998) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(98)00157-0 · Cited by 40
A Comparison of Case Definitions of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Bates, D. W., Buchwald, D., Lee, J., Kith, P., Doolittle, T. H., Umali, P., & Komaroff, A. L. (1994) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/clinids/18.supplement_1.s11 · Cited by 40
CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME
Sharpe, M. (1996) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0193-953x(05)70305-1 · Cited by 40
The Updated NICE Guidance Exposed the Serious Flaws in CBT and Graded Exercise Therapy Trials for ME/CFS
Vink, M., & Vink-Niese, A. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10050898 · Cited by 38
“These criteria, which were created by a group of British doctors which included a number of psychiatrists [76] who are now leading proponents of CBT and GET for ME/CFS, rely on one subjective symptom only, i.”
Background
Mechanisms of change underlying the efficacy of cognitive behaviour therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome in a specialist clinic: a mediation analysis
Stahl, D. R., Rimes, K. A., & Chalder, T. (2013) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291713002006 · Cited by 39
“The diagnosis of CFS was made by either an experienced consultant psychiatrist or an experienced cognitive behavioural psychotherapist according to Oxford (Sharpe et al. 1991) or US Centre for Disease Control case definitions.”
Method
Work-related impairment and employment-focused rehabilitation options for individuals with chronic fatigue syndrome: A review
Taylor, R. R., & Kielhofner, G. (2005) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638230500136571 · Cited by 39
“…that met criteria for chronic fatigue or chronic fatigue syndrome based on any single aspect (or all aspects) of any published diagnostic criteria for CFS, including those published by Holmes et al. (1988), Fukuda et al. (1994), Lloyd, Hickie, Boughton, Spencer & Wakefield and Sharpe et al. (1991).”
Background
Levels of DHEA and DHEAS and responses to CRH stimulation and hydrocortisone treatment in chronic fatigue syndrome.
Cleare, A., O'Keane, V., & Miell, J. (2004) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(03)00104-5 · Cited by 39
“Included subjects had to fulfil both international consensus criteria for CFS (Sharpe et al., 1991; Fukuda et al., 1994) and be free from co-morbid psychiatric disorder as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (4th revision, DSM-IV).”
Background
Human quadriceps strength and fatiguability in patients with post viral fatigue.
Rutherford, O. M., & White, P. D. (1991) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.54.11.961 · Cited by 39
Discontinuation of cervical spine immobilisation in unconscious patients with trauma in intensive care units telephone survey of practice in South and West region
Gupta, K. J., & Clancy, M. J. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.314.7095.1652 · Cited by 39
The UK ME/CFS Biobank for biomedical research on Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) and Multiple Sclerosis
Lacerda, E., Bowman, E. W., Cliff, J. M., Kingdon, C. C., King, E. C., Lee, J., Clark, T. G., Dockrell, H. M., Riley, E. M., Curran, H., et al. (2017) · Open Journal of Bioresources · doi:10.5334/ojb.28 · Cited by 37
“Compliance with four additional criteria — Oxford [23], London [24], Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease [25], and International Consensus Criteria for ME [26] — is also assessed, but is not used to determine eligibility.”
Background
Graded exercise therapy for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome is not effective and unsafe. Re-analysis of a Cochrane review
Vink, M., & Vink-Niese, A. (2018) · Health Psychology Open · doi:10.1177/2055102918805187 · Cited by 44
“The only requirement for the Oxford criteria (Sharpe et al., 1991) is 6 months or more of unexplained fatigue.”
Background
Screening instruments for psychiatric morbidity in chronic fatigue syndrome
Morriss, R. K., & Wearden, A. J. (1998) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/014107689809100706 · Cited by 38
Sleep abnormalities demonstrated by home polysomnography in teenagers with chronic fatigue syndrome
Stores, G., Fry, A. M., & Crawford, C. (1998) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(98)00024-5 · Cited by 38
Modification of the functional capacity of sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes in patients suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome
Fulle, S., Belia, S., Vecchiet, J., Morabito, C., Vecchiet, L., & Fanò, G. (2003) · Neuromuscular Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0960-8966(03)00042-7 · Cited by 38
“We investigated the possibility that abnormalities in this compartment are involved in the pathogenesis of chronic fatigue syndrome and consequently responsible for characteristic fatigue.”
Background
Prevalence of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in a Community Population in Japan.
Kawakami, N., Iwata, N., Fujihara, S., & Kitamura, T. (1998) · The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1620/tjem.186.33 · Cited by 38
Learning to cope with chronic illness. Efficacy of a multi-component treatment for people with chronic fatigue syndrome
Goudsmit, E. M., Ho-Yen, D. O., & Dancey, C. P. (2009) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2009.05.015 · Cited by 37
“All fulfilled the ‘Oxford’ research criteria for CFS [30] and clinical criteria formulated by Ho-Yen [31].”
Method
Cortisol levels in chronic fatigue syndrome and atypical depression measured using hair and saliva specimens
Herane-Vives, A., Papadopoulos, A. S., de Angel, V., Chua, K., Soto, L., Chalder, T., Young, A. H., & Cleare, A. J. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.146 · Cited by 40
“, 1994); all also satisfied alternative consensus criteria for CFS (Sharpe et al., 1991) and were assessed by a physician not to be experiencing fatigue secondary to another medical illness.”
Background
Biomedical Perspectives of Acute and Chronic Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Sequelae of COVID-19
Stefano, G. B., Büttiker, P., Weissenberger, S., Ptáček, R., Wang, F., Esch, T., Bilfinger, T. V., Raboch, J., & Kream, R. M. (2021) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x20666211223130228 · Cited by 38
“A more common, generalizable extension of benign myalgic encephalomyelitis is post-infectious fatigue syndrome, which is a subtype of chronic fatigue syndrome [30].”

Authors: Sharpe, M. C.
Affiliations: Warneford Hospital (GB)
Corresponding author: Sharpe, M C
ORCID: Sharpe, M C
Venue: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 1991-02
Volume: 84
Issue: 2
Pages: 118-121
ISSN: 0141-0768 (ISSN-L)
1758-1095
DOI: 10.1177/014107689108400224
PMC: PMC1293107
OpenAlex: W1538919177
Cited by: 1,026
References: 16
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 21
FWCI: 28.92
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Wellcome Trust
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Coenzyme Q10 studies and effects
Keywords: chronic fatigue syndrome, research guidelines, research priorities
MeSH terms: Humans, Methods, Research, Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic

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