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No Association Between the Dopamine D2 Receptor Taq I A1 Allele and Earlier Age of Onset of Alcohol Dependence According to Different Specified Criteria

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Neuropsychiatric Genetics of Happiness, Friendships, and Politics: Hypothesizing Homophily (“Birds of a Feather Flock Together”) as a Function of Reward Gene Polymorphisms

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Association of the dopamine D2 receptor rs1800497 polymorphism with food addiction, food reinforcement, and eating behavior in Chilean adults

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Association of the dopamine D2 receptor rs1800497 polymorphism and eating behavior in Chilean children

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Differential brain responses to alcohol‐related and natural rewards are associated with alcohol use and problems: Evidence for reward dysregulation

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Hypersexuality Addiction and Withdrawal: Phenomenology, Neurogenetics and Epigenetics

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Analysis of Evidence for the Combination of Pro-dopamine Regulator (KB220PAM) and Naltrexone to Prevent Opioid Use Disorder Relapse.

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Reward Deficiency Syndrome: Attentional/Arousal Subtypes, Limitations of Current Diagnostic Nosology, and Future Research

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Have We Hatched the Addiction Egg: Reward Deficiency Syndrome Solution System™

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Activity enjoyment, not frequency, is associated with alcohol-related problems and heavy episodic drinking.

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Pro-dopamine regulator, KB220Z, attenuates hoarding and shopping behavior in a female, diagnosed with SUD and ADHD

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Diet matters: Glucocorticoid-related neuroadaptations associated with calorie intake in female rhesus monkeys

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The Role of Nutrition in Addiction Recovery

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The Moderating Effect of Alcohol-Specific Parental Rule-Setting on the Relation between the Dopamine D2 Receptor Gene (DRD2), the Mu-Opioid Receptor Gene (OPRM1) and Alcohol Use in Young Adolescents

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A salience misattribution model for addictive-like behaviors

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Pro-Dopamine Regulator - (KB220) to Balance Brain Reward Circuitry in Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS)

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Interactions among attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and problem gambling in a probabilistic reward-learning task

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GENETIC ADDICTION RISK SCORE (GARS) ANALYSIS: EXPLORATORY DEVELOPMENT OF POLYMORPHIC RISK ALLELES IN POLY-DRUG ADDICTED MALES

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Should Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) Be Considered an Umbrella Disorder for Mental Illness and Associated Genetic and Epigenetic Induced Dysregulation of Brain Reward Circuitry?

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Behavioral economics of food reinforcement and the effects of prefeeding, extinction, and eticlopride in dopamine D2 receptor mutant mice

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GLOBAL OPIOID EPIDEMIC: DOOMED TO FAIL WITHOUT GENETICALLY BASED PRECISION ADDICTION MEDICINE (PAM™): LESSONS LEARNED FROM AMERICA.

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A review of smoking cessation interventions.

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Nutrition Therapy for Eating Disorders, Substance Use Disorders, and Addictions

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Increased intravenous morphine self-administration following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in dietary obese rats

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Pharmacotherapies for Overeating and Obesity

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Molecular Genetic Testing in Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS): Facts and Fiction

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Dopamine D2 receptor polymorphisms and adenoma recurrence in the Polyp Prevention Trial

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A Short Summary of Neuroscientific Findings on Internet Addiction

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Genetic Addiction Risk and Psychological Profiling Analyses for “Preaddiction” Severity Index

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Hypotheses Regarding Ayahuasca’s Potential Mechanisms of Action in the Treatment of Addiction

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Reconceptualizing in a dual‐system model the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on adolescent development: a short review

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Neuronutrient Amino-Acid Therapy Protects Against Reward Deficiency Syndrome: Dopaminergic Key to Homeostasis and Neuroplasticity

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Researching Mitigation of Alcohol Binge Drinking in Polydrug Abuse: KCNK13 and RASGRF2 Gene(s) Risk Polymorphisms Coupled with Genetic Addiction Risk Severity (GARS) Guiding Precision Pro-Dopamine Regulation

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Putative targeting of Dopamine D2 receptor function in Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) by Synaptamine Complex™ Variant (KB220): Clinical trial showing anti-anxiety effects

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Substance Use Disorders

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Hypothesizing dopaminergic genetic antecedents in schizophrenia and substance seeking behavior

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Perceived problems with adolescent online gaming: National differences and correlations with substance use

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Precision Behavioral Management (PBM) and Cognitive Control as a Potential Therapeutic and Prophylactic Modality for Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS): Is There Enough Evidence?

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The reward and punishment responsivity and motivation questionnaire (RPRM-Q): A stimulus-independent self-report measure of reward and punishment sensitivity that differentiates between responsivity and motivation

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Declinol, a Complex Containing Kudzu, Bitter Herbs (Gentian, Tangerine Peel)and Bupleurum, Significantly Reduced Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) Scores in Moderate to Heavy Drinkers: A Pilot Study

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The dopamine D2 receptor mediates approach-avoidance tendencies in smokers

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Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in rat reduces mu-opioid receptor levels in brain regions associated with stress and energy regulation

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Impulse Control Disorders and Dopaminergic Drugs

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Endorphinergic Enhancement Attenuation of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) via Activation of Neuro-immunological Function in the Face of a Viral Pandemic

Blum, K., Modestino, E. J., Baron, D. A., Brewer, R., Thanos, P. K., Elman, I., Badgaiyan, R. D., Downs, B. W., Bagchi, D., McLaughlin, T., et al. (2021) · Current Psychopharmacologye · doi:10.2174/2211556009999210104221215 · Cited by 15

Hypothesizing Synergy between Acupuncture/ Auriculotherapy and Natural Activation of Mesolimbic Dopaminergic Pathways: Putative Natural Treatment Modalities for the Reduction of Drug Hunger and Relapse

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Neurogenetics of acute and chronic opiate opioid abstinence treating symptoms and the cause

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The benefits of genetic addiction risk score (GARS®) and pro-dopamine regulation in combating suicide in the American Indian population

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Addiction by Any Other Name is Still Addiction: Embracing Molecular Neurogenetic/Epigenetic Basis of Reward Deficiency

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Evidence for the DRD2 Gene as a Determinant of Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS).

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G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) pharmacogenomics

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Americas’ opioid/psychostimulant epidemic would benefit from general population early identification of genetic addiction risk especially in children of alcoholics (COAs)

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Criteria for the establishment of a new behavioural addiction •

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Understanding the control of ingestive behavior in primates

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An Integrated Model of Nature and Nurture Factors that Contribute to Addiction and Recovery

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Blunted neural response to real-life social reward anticipation in internet gaming disorder: An event-related potential study

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Acute restraint stress prevents nicotine-induced mesolimbic dopaminergic activation via a corticosterone-mediated mechanism: A microdialysis study in the rat

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Overeating, Overweight, and Substance Use: What Is the Connection?

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Effects of neonatal allopregnanolone manipulations and early maternal separation on adult alcohol intake and monoamine levels in ventral striatum of male rats

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Genospirituality: Our Beliefs, Our Genomes, and Addictions

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Quantitative Systems Pharmacological Analysis of Drugs of Abuse Reveals the Pleiotropy of Their Targets and the Effector Role of mTORC1

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The Reward Deficiency Syndrome and Links with Addictive and Related Behaviors

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Overcoming reward deficiency syndrome by the induction of “dopamine homeostasis” instead of opioids for addiction: illusion or reality?

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Genetic Addiction Risk Severity Assessment Identifies Polymorphic Reward Genes as Antecedents to Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) Hypodopaminergia’s Effect on Addictive and Non-Addictive Behaviors in a Nuclear Family

Dennen, C. A., Blum, K., Bowirrat, A., Thanos, P. K., Elman, I., Ceccanti, M., Badgaiyan, R. D., McLaughlin, T., Gupta, A., Bajaj, A., et al. (2022) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm12111864 · Cited by 13

“TO BE OR NOT TO BE” GWAS Ends the Controversy about the DRD2 Gene as a Determinant of Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS)

Blum, K., Thanos, P. K., Hanna, C., Gold, M. S., Baron, D. A., & Elman, I. (2023) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s428841 · Cited by 9

Effect of steady-state methadone on high fructose corn syrup consumption in rats

Daniels, S., Pratt, M., Zhou, Y., & Leri, F. (2017) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881117742116 · Cited by 9

Adiposity measures predict olfactory processing speed in older adult carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele

Zamora, R., Bartholow, J., Green, E., Morgan, C. D., & Murphy, C. (2011) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2011.09.001 · Cited by 9

Motivational Effects of Methylphenidate are Associated with GABRA2 Variants Conferring Addiction Risk

Duka, T., Dixon, C. I., Trick, L., Crombag, H. S., King, S. L., & Stephens, D. (2015) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00304 · Cited by 9

Enhancing Brain Pregnenolone May Protect Cannabis Intoxication but Should Not Be Considered as an Anti-addiction Therapeutic: Hypothesizing Dopaminergic Blockade and Promoting Anti- Reward

Blum, K., Oscar‐Berman, M., Braverman, E. R., Febo, M., Li, M., & Gold, M. S. (2015) · Journal of Reward Deficiency Syndrome · doi:10.17756/jrds.2015-005 · Cited by 9

Common phenotype in patients with both food and substance dependence: Case reports

HB, C. (2013) · Journal of Genetic Syndromes & Gene Therapy · doi:10.4172/2157-7412.1000122 · Cited by 8

A Complex Relationship Among the Circadian Rhythm, Reward Circuit and Substance Use Disorder (SUD)

Samanta, S., Bagchi, D., Gold, M. S., Badgaiyan, R. D., Barh, D., & Blum, K. (2024) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s473310 · Cited by 9

Disordered gambling and dementia

Cipriani, G., Cammisuli, D. M., Danti, S., & Fiorino, M. D. (2016) · European Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.eurger.2016.02.009 · Cited by 8

Molecular Genetic Testing in Pain and Addiction: Facts, Fiction and Clinical Utility

Blum, K., Hauser, M., Fratantonio, J. L., & Badgaiyan, R. D. (2015) · Addiction Genetics · doi:10.1515/addge-2015-0001 · Cited by 8

Brain, behavioral, affective, and sex correlates of recovery from alcohol use disorders

Thompson, B. L., Maleki, N., Kelly, J. F., Sy, K. T. L., & Oscar‐Berman, M. (2021) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.14658 · Cited by 9

Rethinking the Eating Disorder Continuum: A Categorical Approach to Abnormal Eating

Miller, J., & Vaillancourt, T. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-92271-3_91 · Cited by 8

Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS): Testing For Polygenetic Predisposition and Risk to Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS)

Blum, K., Fornari, F., Downs, B. W., Roger, L., Giordano, J., Smolen, A., Lui, Y., Tain, J., Majmundar, N. J., & Eric, R. (2011) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/20067 · Cited by 8

Relationship between ethanol and sucrose self-administration and schedule-induced polydipsia

Toscano, C. P., Kameyama, M., García‐Mijares, M., SILVA, M., & Santarem, É. M. M. (2008) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2008.04.019 · Cited by 9

Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Integrative Approaches

Sadiq, A. J. (2007) · Pediatric Annals · doi:10.3928/0090-4481-20070801-13 · Cited by 8

DNA Directed Pro-Dopamine Regulation Coupling Subluxation Repair, H-Wave® and Other Neurobiologically Based Modalities to Address Complexities of Chronic Pain in a Female Diagnosed with Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS): Emergence of Induction of “Dopamine Homeostasis” in the Face of the Opioid Crisis

Bajaj, A., Blum, K., Bowirrat, A., Gupta, A., Baron, D. A., Fugel, D., Nicholson, A., Fitch, T., Downs, B. W., Bagchi, D., et al. (2022) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm12091416 · Cited by 8

Frequency of Gambling Problems among Parents of Pathological, versus Nonpathological, Casino Gamblers Using Slot Machines

Versini, A., Legauffre, C., Romo, L., Adès, J., & Gorwood, P. A. P. M. (2011) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1111/j.1521-0391.2011.00190.x · Cited by 7

Striatal dynamics as determinants of reduced gambling vulnerability in the NHE rat model of ADHD

Oggiano, M., Zoratto, F., Palombelli, G., Festucci, F., Laviola, G., Curcio, G., Canese, R., & Adriani, W. (2020) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109886 · Cited by 7

Cross-sectional exploration of brain functional connectivity in the triadic development model of adolescents

Xu, W., Ying, F., Luo, Y., Zhang, X., & Li, Z. (2020) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-020-00379-3 · Cited by 6

The Reward Deficiency Syndrome and Links with Addictive and Related Behaviors

Kótyuk, E., Potenza, M. N., Blum, K., & Demetrovics, Z. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-92392-1_3 · Cited by 6

Nur-related receptor 1 gene polymorphisms and alcohol dependence in Mexican Americans.

Wei, Y. M., Du, Y. L., Nie, Y. Q., Li, Y. Y., & Wan, Y. Y. (2012) · PubMed Central · doi:10.3748/wjg.v18.i37.5276 · Cited by 6

The D2 dopamine receptor gene as a predictor of compulsive disease: Bayes' theorem.

Blum, K., Wood, R. C., Braverman, E. R., Chen, T. J., & Sheridan, P. J. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 104

Reward deficiency syndrome: genetic aspects of behavioral disorders

Comings, D. E., & Blum, K. (2000) · Progress in Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(00)26022-6 · Cited by 621

The Reward Deficiency Syndrome: A Biogenetic Model for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Impulsive, Addictive and Compulsive Behaviors

Blum, K., Braverman, E. R., Holder, J. M., Lubar, J. F., Monastra, V. J., Miller, D., Lubar, J. O., Chen, T. J. H., & Comings, D. E. (2000) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2000.10736099 · Cited by 998

Relationship between dopaminergic neurotransmission, alcoholism, and reward deficiency syndrome

Bowirrat, A., & Oscar‐Berman, M. (2004) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30080 · Cited by 303

Dopamine D2 receptor gene variants: association and linkage studies in impulsive-addictive-compulsive behaviour

Blum, K., Sheridan, P. J., Wood, R. C., Braverman, E. R., Chen, T. J. H., & Comings, D. E. (1995) · Pharmacogenetics · doi:10.1097/00008571-199506000-00001 · Cited by 279