The attractive female body weight and female body dissatisfaction in 26 countries across 10 world regions: results of the international body project I
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This study reports results from the first International Body Project (IBP-I), which surveyed 7,434 individuals in 10 major world regions about body weight ideals and body dissatisfaction. Participants completed the female Contour Drawing Figure Rating Scale (CDFRS) and self-reported their exposure to Western and local media. Results indicated there were significant cross-regional differences in the ideal female figure and body dissatisfaction, but effect sizes were small across high-socioeconomic-status (SES) sites. Within cultures, heavier bodies were preferred in low-SES sites compared to high-SES sites in Malaysia and South Africa (ds = 1.94-2.49) but not in Austria. Participant age, body mass index (BMI), and Western media exposure predicted body weight ideals. BMI and Western media exposure predicted body dissatisfaction among women. Our results show that body dissatisfaction and desire for thinness is commonplace in high-SES settings across world regions, highlighting the need for international attention to this problem.
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For several decades, the Western ideal female body has emphasized a low body mass index (BMI).
“For several decades, the Western ideal female body has emphasized a low body mass index (BMI; Swami et al., 2010; Crossley et al., 2012).”
From The degree to which the cultural ideal is internalized predicts judgments of male and female physical attractiveness (2022) · cites this paper as Swami et al., 2010
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- Authors
- Swami, V., Frederick, D. A., Aavik, T., Alcalay, L., Allik, J., Anderson, D., Andrianto, S., Arora, A., Brännström, Å., Cunningham, J., Danel, D., Doroszewicz, K., Forbes, G. B., Furnham, A., Greven, C. U., Halberstadt, J., Hao, S., Haubner, T., Hwang, C. S., Inman, M., Laile Jaafar, J., Johansson, J., Jung, J., Keser, A., Kretzschmar, U., Lachenicht, L., Li, N. P., Locke, K., Lönnqvist, J.-E., Lopez, C., Loutzenhiser, L., Maisel, N. C., McCabe, M. P., McCreary, D. R., McKibbin, W. F., Mussap, A., Neto, F., Nowell, C., Peña Alampay, L., Pillai, S. K., Pokrajac-Bulian, A., Proyer, R. T., Quintelier, K., Ricciardelli, L. A., Rozmus-Wrzesinska, M., Ruch, W., Russo, T., Schütz, A., Shackelford, T. K., Shashidharan, S., Simonetti, F., Sinniah, D., Swami, M., Vandermassen, G., van Duynslaeger, M., Verkasalo, M., Voracek, M., Yee, C. K., Xian Zhang, E., Zhang, X., & Zivcic-Becirevic, I.
- Affiliations
- HELP University (MY)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- University of Tartu (EE)
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (CL)
- University of Tartu, Estonia
- University of Otago (NZ)
- Islamic University of Indonesia (ID)
- Himalayan Institute Hospital Trust (IN)
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (AT)
- Macquarie University (AU)
- Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
- Uniwersytet SWPS (PL)
- Millikin University (US)
- University College London (GB)
- King's College London (GB)
- University of Vienna (AT)
- Kyung Hee University (KR)
- Hope College (US)
- Universiti Malaya, Malaysia
- University of Delaware (US)
- Kocaeli Üniversitesi (TR)
- Chemnitz University of Technology (DE)
- University of KwaZulu-Natal (ZA)
- Singapore Management University (SG)
- University of Idaho (US)
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- University of Regina (CA)
- Deakin University (AU)
- Brock University (CA)
- Florida Atlantic University (US)
- Universidade do Porto (PT)
- Ateneo de Manila University, Philippines
- University of Malaya (MY)
- University of Rijeka (HR)
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Ghent University (BE)
- University of Wroclaw, Poland
- National University of Malaysia (MY)
- Ghent University, Belgium
- Loughborough University (GB)
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malysia, Malaysia
- ORCID
- Swami, Viren
- Frederick, David A.
- Aavik, Toivo
- Andrianto, Sonny
- Brännström, Åke
- Danel, Dariusz
- Furnham, Adrian
- Greven, Corina U.
- Halberstadt, Jamin
- Inman, Mary
- Johansson, Jacob
- Jung, Jaehee
- Keser, Aşkın
- Li, Norman P.
- Locke, Kenneth
- Lönnqvist, Jan-Erik
- Loutzenhiser, Lynn
- McCabe, Marita P.
- McCreary, Donald R.
- McKibbin, William F.
- Neto, Félix
- Pokrajac-Bulian, Alessandra
- Proyer, René T.
- Quintelier, Katinka
- Ricciardelli, Lina A.
- Ruch, Willibald
- Schütz, Astrid
- Shackelford, Todd K.
- Verkasalo, Markku
- Voracek, Martin
- Venue
- Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2010-02-23
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 309-325
- ISSN
- 0146-1672 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-7433
- OpenAlex
- W2125386561
- Cited by
- 731
- References
- 93
- Citations by year
- 2026: 38 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 98 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 59 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 47 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 32.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion)
- Bursa Uludag University - AVESIS (submittedVersion)
- Hope College Digital Commons (Hope College) (submittedVersion)
- Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge (InK) (Singapore Management University) (submittedVersion)
- Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (submittedVersion)
- VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1f31mh072384-01)
- National Institute of Mental Health (1F31MH072384-01)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies
- Keywords
- body dissatisfaction, female body image, cross-cultural comparison, socioeconomic status, body mass index
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Body Image, Body Weight, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Middle Aged, Social Class, Body Mass Index, Internationality, Young Adult
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