Self‐objectification and disordered eating: A meta‐analysis

Schaefer, Lauren M.; Thompson, J. Kevin

doi:10.1002/eat.22854

Cited by 168Eating Disorders and BehaviorsNutrition, Health and Food BehaviorBody Image and Dysmorphia Studies

Self‐objectification and disordered eating: A meta‐analysis

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Schaefer, Lauren M., Thompson, J. Kevin·2018·International Journal of Eating Disorders

DOI 10.1002/eat.22854PMC PMC6002885

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Objectification theory posits that self-objectification increases risk for disordered eating. METHOD: The current study sought to examine the relationship between self-objectification and disordered eating using meta-analytic techniques. RESULTS: Data from 53 cross-sectional studies (73 effect sizes) revealed a significant moderate positive overall effect (r = .39), which was moderated by gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and measurement of self-objectification. Specifically, larger effect sizes were associated with female samples and the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale. Effect sizes were smaller among heterosexual men and African American samples. Age, body mass index, country of origin, measurement of disordered eating, sample type and publication type were not significant moderators. DISCUSSION: Overall, results from the first meta-analysis to examine the relationship between self-objectification and disordered eating provide support for one of the major tenets of objectification theory and suggest that self-objectification may be a meaningful target in eating disorder interventions, though further work is needed to establish temporal and causal relationships. Findings highlight current gaps in the literature (e.g., limited representation of males, and ethnic and sexual minorities) with implications for guiding future research.

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The relationship between social media and body image/eating disorder outcomes is shaped by the mediating pathways of thin / fit ideal internalisation, appearance comparisons, and self-objectification.
“This relationship is shaped by the mediating pathways of thin / fit ideal internalisation, appearance comparisons, and self-objectification, which have been supported by additional meta-analyses [3, 84, 85].”
From The social media diet: A scoping review to investigate the association between social media, body image and eating disorders amongst young people (2023) · cites this paper as [3]
The Discussion reports a moderate positive association between self-objectification and disordered eating (r = .39). The Conclusions say the cross-sectional evidence cannot establish self-objectification as a causal risk factor. The paper therefore supports the relevance of self-objectification, but not the claim that it mediates a relationship between social media and body-image or eating-disorder outcomes. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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COMPETING INTERESTS: None declared.
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Authors: Schaefer, L. M., & Thompson, J. K.
Affiliations: Neuropsychiatric Research Institute (US)
University of South Florida (US)
Corresponding author: Schaefer, Lauren M.
ORCID: Schaefer, Lauren M.
Thompson, J. Kevin
Venue: International Journal of Eating Disorders
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2018-03-08
Volume: 51
Issue: 6
Pages: 483-502
ISSN: 0276-3478 (ISSN-L)
1098-108X
DOI: 10.1002/eat.22854
PMC: PMC6002885
OpenAlex: W2789605517
Cited by: 168
References: 135
Citations by year: 2026: 22 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 11
FWCI: 1.56
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: International Journal of Eating Disorders (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (T32 MH082761)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies
Keywords: self-objectification, disordered eating, objectification theory, eating disorders, gender differences, sexual orientation, ethnicity, African American men, eating disorder intervention
MeSH terms: Feeding and Eating Disorders, Body Image, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male

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Self‐objectification and disordered eating: A meta‐analysis

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