Is less more? Confirmatory factor analysis of the Attachment Style Questionnaires

Karantzas, Gery C.; Feeney, Judith A.; Wilkinson, Ross

doi:10.1177/0265407510373756

Cited by 98Attachment and Relationship DynamicsPsychometric Methodologies and TestingAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

Is less more? Confirmatory factor analysis of the Attachment Style Questionnaires

Karantzas, Gery C., Feeney, Judith A., Wilkinson, Ross·2010·Journal of Social and Personal Relationships

DOI 10.1177/0265407510373756

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Few psychometric studies have confirmed the factor structure of the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ) (Feeney, Noller, & Hanrahan, 1994), a widely used self-report attachment measure. Moreover, no study has formally investigated the factor structure of the ASQ’s short form (ASQ-SF) proposed by Alexander, Feeney, Hohaus, and Noller (2001). The aim of the present study was to validate the factor structures of the ASQ and ASQ-SF, and to identify the more parsimonious measure. In two studies, a nested factor model provided the best fit, the ASQ-SF was the more parsimonious measure, and results were consistent across age and gender groups. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1177/0265407510373756

Cites

67 of 67 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the ASQ items can be divided into attachment avoidance and anxiety.
“Confirmatory factor analysis (Karantzas et al., 2010) revealed that the items can be divided into attachment avoidance and anxiety.”
From A preliminary investigation of the relationships between attachment insecurity, fear of compassion, and <scp>OCD</scp> severity (2025) · cites this paper as Karantzas et al., 2010

Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705519909540118 · Cited by 108,788 · see citing works
Untitled work
(1969) · Cited by 18,340 · see citing works
Untitled work
(1968) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 15,136 · see citing works
Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process.
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. R. (1987) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.52.3.511 · Cited by 8,783 · see citing works
Attachment and Loss. Vol. 1. Attachment
Rever, G. W. (1972) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-197211000-00011 · Cited by 8,446 · see citing works
Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model.
Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.61.2.226 · Cited by 7,729 · see citing works
Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process.
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.511 · Cited by 6,247 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Generally, these instruments can be divided into either categorical or forced-choice measures (e.g., Hazan & Shaver, 1987; Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991) or dimensional measures (e.g., Brennan, Clark, & Shaver, 1998; Feeney, Noller, & Hanrahan, 1994; for a review, see Mikulincer & Shaver, 2007).”
Background
Sample size in factor analysis.
MacCallum, R. C., Widaman, K. F., Zhang, S., & Hong, S. (1999) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.4.1.84 · Cited by 5,497 · see citing works
Handbook of attachment: theory, research, and clinical applications
(1999) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.37-1841 · Cited by 5,386 · see citing works
Structural Equation Modeling With AMOS: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming, Third Edition
Byrne, B. M. (2016) · doi:10.4324/9781315757421 · Cited by 4,653 · see citing works
Security in Infancy, Childhood, and Adulthood: A Move to the Level of Representation
Main, M., Kaplan, N., & Cassidy, J. (1985) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.2307/3333827 · Cited by 4,567 · see citing works
Attachment in adulthood: structure, dynamics, and change
(2008) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.45-2903 · Cited by 4,301 · see citing works
Untitled work
(1998) · Cited by 3,968 · see citing works
Handbook of attachment: theory, research, and clinical applications
(2009) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.46-4135 · Cited by 3,818 · see citing works
A parental bonding instrument.
Parker, G., Tupling, H., & Brown, L. B. (1979) · British Journal of Medical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1979.tb02487.x · Cited by 3,788 · see citing works
Measurement and Control of Response Bias
Paulhus, D. L. (1991) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-590241-0.50006-x · Cited by 3,735 · see citing works
Adult attachment, working models, and relationship quality in dating couples.
Collins, N. L., & Read, S. J. (1990) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.58.4.644 · Cited by 3,678 · see citing works
Attachment theory and close relationships
(1998) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.35-6513 · Cited by 3,642 · see citing works
International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences.
Duncan, O. D., & Sills, D. L. (1968) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2092889 · Cited by 3,486 · see citing works
An Item-Response Theory Analysis of Self-Report Measures of Adult Attachment
Fraley, R. C., Waller, N. G., & Brennan, K. A. (2000) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.78.2.350 · Cited by 3,385 · see citing works
Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Attitudes
(1991) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2013-0-07551-2 · Cited by 3,237 · see citing works
Identity—Youth and Crisis
Anthony, E. J. (1969) · Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0002-7138(09)62239-1 · Cited by 2,539 · see citing works
Avoidance of Intimacy: An Attachment Perspective
Bartholomew, K. (1990) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407590072001 · Cited by 2,153 · see citing works
A comparison of some methodologies for the factor analysis of non‐normal Likert variables
Muthén, B., & Kaplan, D. (1985) · British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1985.tb00832.x · Cited by 1,778 · cited 2× · see citing works
“The data were multivariate normal; thus Maximum Likelihood Estimation was employed.”
Method
Models of the self and other: Fundamental dimensions underlying measures of adult attachment.
Griffin, D. W., & Bartholomew, K. (1994) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.67.3.430 · Cited by 1,762 · see citing works
Adult romantic attachment: Theoretical developments, emerging controversies, and unanswered questions
Fraley, R. C., & Shaver, P. R. (2000) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.4.2.132 · Cited by 1,601 · see citing works
Influence of attachment styles on romantic relationships
Simpson, J. A. (1990) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.59.5.971 · Cited by 1,501 · see citing works
The Attachment Behavioral System In Adulthood: Activation, Psychodynamics, And Interpersonal Processes
Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2003) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(03)01002-5 · Cited by 1,485 · see citing works
A conception of adult development.
Levinson, D. J. (1986) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.41.1.3 · Cited by 1,295 · see citing works
Testing for Multigroup Invariance Using AMOS Graphics: A Road Less Traveled
Byrne, B. M. (2004) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1207/s15328007sem1102_8 · Cited by 1,045 · see citing works
Journal of Social and Personal Relationships
Duck, S. W. (2016) · Encyclopedia of Family Studies · doi:10.1002/9781119085621.wbefs442 · Cited by 899 · see citing works
Attachment in adults: Clinical and developmental perspectives.
Sperling, M. R., & Berman, W. (1994) · Guilford Press eBooks · Cited by 852 · see citing works
Conflict in close relationships: An attachment perspective.
Simpson, J. A., Rholes, W. S., & Phillips, D. (1996) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.71.5.899 · Cited by 788 · see citing works
Attachment formation and transfer in young adults’close friendships and romantic relationships
Fraley, R. C., & Davis, K. E. (1997) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.1997.tb00135.x · Cited by 740 · see citing works
Assessing adult attachment.
Feeney, J. A., Noller, P., & Hanrahan, M. U. (1994) · Cited by 687 · see citing works
Self-citation
Handbook of Attachment.
Broder, E. (2003) · PubMed Central · Cited by 667 · see citing works
Attachment styles and close relationships: A four‐year prospective study
Kirkpatrick, L. A., & Hazan, C. (1994) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.1994.tb00058.x · Cited by 532 · see citing works
Improper Solutions in Structural Equation Models: Causes, Consequences, and Strategies
CHEN, F., BOLLEN, K. A., PAXTON, P., CURRAN, P. J., & KIRBY, J. B. (2001) · Sociological Methods & Research · doi:10.1177/0049124101029004003 · Cited by 512 · see citing works
General and Specific Abilities as Predictors of School Achievement
Gustafsson, J., & Balke, G. (1993) · Multivariate Behavioral Research · doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr2804_2 · Cited by 490 · see citing works
Are infant attachment patterns continuously or categorically distributed? A taxometric analysis of strange situation behavior.
Fraley, R. C., & Spieker, S. (2003) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.39.3.387 · Cited by 465 · see citing works
Sex and the psychological tether.
Hazan, C., & Zeifman, D. M. (1994) · Cited by 411 · see citing works
Attachment processes in couple and family therapy
Johnson, S. M., & Whiffen, V. E. (2003) · Guilford Press eBooks · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Short-term temporal stability and factor structure of the revised experiences in close relationships (ECR-R) measure of adult attachment
Sibley, C. G., & Liu, J. H. (2004) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(03)00165-x · Cited by 285 · see citing works
On the instability of attachment style ratings
Baldwin, M. W., & Fehr, B. (1995) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.1995.tb00090.x · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Adult Attachment and Personality: Converging Evidence and a New Measure
Carver, C. S. (1997) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167297238007 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
On the Dimensionality of the Attachment Style Questionnaire in Italian Clinical and Nonclinical Participants
Fossati, A., Feeney, J. A., Donati, D., Donini, M., Novella, L., Bagnato, M., Acquarini, E., & Maffei, C. (2003) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/02654075030201003 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Self-citation
Attachment, caregiving, and volunteering: Placing volunteerism in an attachment-theoretical framework
Gillath, O., Shaver, P. R., Mikulincer, M., Nitzberg, R. A., EREZ, A., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2005) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2005.00124.x · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Behavioral and experiential patterns of avoidantly and securely attached women across adulthood: A 31-year longitudinal perspective.
Klohnen, E. C., & Bera, S. J. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.74.1.211 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Attachment style and coping resources as predictors of coping strategies in the transition to parenthood
Alexander, R., Feeney, J. A., Hohaus, L., & Noller, P. (2001) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2001.tb00032.x · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Self-citation
Attachment theory in modern evolutionary perspective.
Simpson, J. A. (1999) · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Invariance of adult attachment across gender, age, culture, and socioeconomic status?
van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J. (2010) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407509360908 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Working models of attachment: A theory-based prototype approach.
Klohnen, E. C., & John, O. P. (1998) · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Fearful-avoidance, disorganization, and multiple working models: Some directions for future theory and research
Simpson, J. A., & Rholes, W. S. (2002) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616730210154207 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Measuring adult attachment: A construct validation of two self–report instruments
Bäackström, M., & Holmes, B. M. (2001) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/1467-9450.00216 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Factor Analysis and Latent Structure, Confirmatory
Mueller, R. O., & Hancock, G. R. (2001) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b0-08-043076-7/00426-5 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Personal Relationships Across the Lifespan
Noller, P., Feeney, J. A., & Peterson, C. C. (2013) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203754603 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Self-citation
New directions in attachment theory and research
Shaver, P. R., & Mikulincer, M. (2010) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407509360899 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Intimacy status, attachment, separation-individuation patterns, and identity status in female university students
Årseth, A. K., Kroger, J., Martinussen, M., & Bakken, G. (2009) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407509347927 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Attachment and relationships: Milestones and future directions
Simpson, J. A., & Rholes, W. S. (2010) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407509360909 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Social Structure and Aging
Schaie, K. W., & Schooler, C. (2013) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203771228 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THREE ATTACHMENT STYLE MEASURES TO SOCIALLY DESIRABLE RESPONDING
Leak, G. K., & Parsons, C. J. (2001) · Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal · doi:10.2224/sbp.2001.29.1.21 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
ATTACHMENT THEORY : A GUIDE FOR COUPLES THERAPY.
Johnson, S. M. (2003) · Cited by 53 · see citing works
PSYCHOLOGY AND METHODOLOGY OF RESPONSE STYLES1
Messick, S. (1987) · ETS Research Report Series · doi:10.1002/j.2330-8516.1987.tb00256.x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Attachment-related dynamics: What can we learn from self-reports of avoidance and anxiety?
Feeney, J. A. (2002) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616730210157475 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citation
A Confirmatory Examination of the Factor Structure of the Multidimensional Aptitude Battery
Gignac, G. E. (2006) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164405278568 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Cognition and the Development of Close Relationships
Karney, B. R., McNulty, J. K., & Bradbury, T. N. (2003) · doi:10.1002/9780470998557.ch2 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Attachment and Perceived Rejection: Findings from studies of hurt feelings and the adoption experience
Feeney, J. A. (2005) · E-Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.7790/ejap.v1i1.8 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citation

Flagged first, then by citations

3 of the 70 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Sorted by citations

Epigenetic modification of <i>OXT</i> and human sociability
Haas, B. W., Filkowski, M. M., Cochran, R. N., Denison, L., Ishak, A., Nishitani, S., & Smith, A. K. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1602809113 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
“The ASQ consists of 40 items and is designed to measure adult attachment style in normative and clinical populations (50).”
Background
Dyadic measurement invariance and its importance for replicability in romantic relationship science
Sakaluk, J. K., Fisher, A. N., & Kilshaw, R. E. (2021) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/pere.12341 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Attachment Security Priming: A Meta-Analysis
Gillath, O., Karantzas, G. C., Romano, D. A., & Karantzas, K. M. (2022) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/10888683211054592 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citation
Predicting friendship quality with rejection sensitivity and attachment security
Özen, A., Sümer, N., & Demır, M. (2010) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407510380607 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Towards an integrative attachment‐based model of relationship functioning
Karantzas, G. C., Feeney, J. A., Goncalves, C. V., & McCabe, M. P. (2013) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjop.12047 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citation
Attachment Style and Less Severe Forms of Sexual Coercion: A Systematic Review
Karantzas, G. C., McCabe, M. P., Karantzas, K. M., Pizzirani, B., Campbell, H. L., & Mullins, E. R. (2015) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-015-0600-7 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Self-Report Assessment of Adolescent Attachment: A Systematic Review and Critique
Wilson, J. M., & Wilkinson, R. B. (2012) · Journal of Relationships Research · doi:10.1017/jrr.2012.7 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citation
A randomized controlled pilot trial of vilazodone for adult separation anxiety disorder
Schneier, F. R., Moskow, D. M., Choo, T.-H., Galfalvy, H., Campeas, R., & Sanchez-Lacay, A. (2017) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22693 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Interpersonal Factors Associated with Depression in Adolescents: Are These Consistent with Theories Underpinning Interpersonal Psychotherapy?
O’Shea, G., Spence, S. H., & Donovan, C. L. (2013) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.1849 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Preoccupation as psychopathological process and symptom in adjustment disorder: A scoping review
Eberle, D. J., & Maercker, A. R. A. (2021) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2657 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Exploring Multilevel Factors for Family Engagement in Home Visiting Across Two National Models
Latimore, A. D., Burrell, L., Crowne, S. S., Ojo, K., Cluxton‐Keller, F., Gustin, S., Kruse, L. K., Hellman, D., Scott, L., Riordan, A., et al. (2017) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-017-0767-3 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Median reported as per developer’s instructions e Attachment Style Questionnaire-Short Form (Karantzas et al. 2010).”
Method
Mother and Home Visitor Emotional Well-Being and Alignment on Goals for Home Visiting as Factors for Program Engagement
Burrell, L., Crowne, S. S., Ojo, K., Snead, R. S., O’Neill, K., Cluxton‐Keller, F., & DUGGAN, A. K. (2018) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-018-2535-9 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Attachment security and intergroup contact
Boccato, G., Capozza, D., Trifiletti, E., & di Bernardo, G. A. (2015) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.12325 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Protective factors for depressive symptoms in emerging adulthood
Germani, A., Delvecchio, E., Li, J., & Mazzeschi, C. (2020) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.12616 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Young Adults’ Attachment Orientations and Psychological Health Across Cultures: The Moderating Role of Individualism and Collectivism
Lin, H.-H., Chew, P. Y., & Wilkinson, R. B. (2017) · Journal of Relationships Research · doi:10.1017/jrr.2017.17 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citation
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Emotion-Focused Coping Among Disaster Mental Health Counselors
Pow, A. M., & Cashwell, C. S. (2017) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/jcad.12146 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Adult attachment's unique contribution in the prediction of postpartum depressive symptoms, beyond personality traits
Axfors, C., Sylvén, S. M., Ramklint, M., & Skalkidou, A. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.005 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“The Attachment Style Questionnaire-Short Form (ASQ-SF) (Feeney et al., 1994; Karantzas et al., 2010) is a 29-item self-report questionnaire on global adult attachment.”
Background
Healthy Lifestyle Changes Improve Cortisol Levels and Liver Steatosis in MASLD Patients: Results from a Randomized Clinical Trial
Bagnato, C. B., Bianco, A., Bonfiglio, C., Franco, I., Verrelli, N., Carella, N., Shahini, E., Zappimbulso, M., Giannuzzi, V., Pesole, P. L., et al. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16234225 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Exploration of the Spanish Version of the Attachment Style Questionnaire: A Comparative Study between Spanish, Italian, and Japanese Culture
López-de-la-Nieta, O., Koeneke, A., Martínez-Rubio, J. L., Shinohara, K., Esposito, G., & Iandolo, G. (2021) · European Journal of Investigation in Health Psychology and Education · doi:10.3390/ejihpe11010010 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Another limitation of the study is not determining the possible existence of the underlying dimensions of anxiety and avoidance [41] in the ASQ analysis, using the original item-factor loadings and the current item-factor loadings through the algorithm calculation.”
MethodResult
The State Adult Attachment Measure (SAAM): A construct and incremental validity study
Trentini, C., Foschi, R., Lauriola, M., & Tambelli, R. (2015) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.05.016 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Psychometric properties of the attachment style questionnaire in Swedish pregnant women: short and full versions
Axfors, C., Sylvén, S. M., Skalkidou, A., & Ramklint, M. (2017) · Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology · doi:10.1080/02646838.2017.1342786 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“The replication of the CFA nested-factor model yielded similar results as those of Karantzas et al. (2010).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Attachment Anxiety and Attachment Avoidance: Members’ Attachment Fit with Their Group and Group Relationships
Kivlighan, D. M., Coco, G. L., Gullo, S., Pazzagli, C., & Mazzeschi, C. (2017) · International Journal of Group Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/00207284.2016.1260464 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Evaluating the Association Between Psychopathy and Specific Attachment Models in Adults
Christian, E., Sellbom, M., & Wilkinson, R. B. (2018) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi_2018_32_325 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citation
Arthritis and Support Seeking Tendencies: The Role of Attachment
Karantzas, G. C., & Cole, S. F. (2011) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2011.30.4.404 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citation
Attachment styles and secure base priming in relation to emotional reactivity after frustration induction
Karreman, A., Vingerhoets, A. J. J. M., & Bekker, M. H. J. (2018) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2018.1458704 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“The same questionnaire as in Study 1 was used for attachment styles (ASQ-SF; Karantzas et al., 2010), assessing attachment avoidance (α = .87) and attachment anxiety (α = .84).”
Method
Avoidant adult attachment negatively relates to classroom popularity: Social network analysis support for the Parent–Partner–Peer Attachment Transfer model
Webster, G. D., Gesselman, A. N., & Crosier, B. S. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.03.007 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Pursuing interpersonal value: An interdependence perspective.
Lemay, E. P., Ryan, J. E., & Teneva, N. (2020) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspi0000289 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Estilo de apego y empatía en infantes tardíos, adolescentes y adultos: Revisión meta-analítica
Sanctis, F. D., & Mesurado, B. (2022) · International journal of psychological research · doi:10.21500/20112084.5409 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Therefore, some other self-report measures such as the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ; Feeney et al., 1994) were developed to research the role of attachment processes in general, rather than in romantic or close relationships (Karantzas et al., 2010).”
Background
The influence of attachment style and relationship quality on quality of life and psychological distress in carers of people with epileptic and nonepileptic seizures
Wardrope, A., Green, B., Norman, P. E., & Reuber, M. (2019) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.01.028 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“The ASQ is a parsimonious measure of general adult attachment, with both subscales showing good internal reliability.(35)”
Love Addiction, Emotional Dysregulation and Attachment Bonds: A Quantitative Study of 344 Females
Salani, A., Antonelli, P., Salvatori, G., Gritti, M. C., Bisciglia, R., Mascherini, F., & Dèttore, D. (2022) · Sexual Health & Compulsivity · doi:10.1080/26929953.2022.2110546 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Insecure and insensitive: Avoidant and anxious attachment predict less concern for others in sacrificial moral dilemmas
Maranges, H. M., Chen, S. K., & Conway, P. J. (2021) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2021.111274 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Participants reported empathic concern on a 5-point ( M = 3.80, SD = 0.75, α = .77) and the Attachment Style Questionnaire on a 7-point scale (this time the short form, ASQ-SF; Karantzas et al., 2010; avoidant, M = 3.62, SD = 0.87, α = .87; anxious, M = 3.15, SD = 0.94, α = .86).”
Influential
Predicting the Trajectories of Parents’ Relationship Well-Being During COVID-19 Lockdowns and Beyond: a Vulnerability, Stress and Adaptation Model Perspective
Karantzas, G. C., Toumbourou, J. W., Knox, L., Greenwood, C. J., & Westrupp, E. M. (2023) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-023-01498-1 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“The second is attachment avoidance and is characterized by a distrust of relationship partners, discomfort with relationship closeness, and excessive self-reliance (Brennan et al., 1998; Fraley et al., 2000; Karantzas et al., 2010).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Optimism bias and its relation to scenario valence, gender, sociality, and insecure attachment
Dricu, M., Moser, D. A., & Aue, T. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-22031-4 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Insights into the Formation of Attachment Bonds from a Social Network Perspective
Gillath, O., & Karantzas, G. C. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-9622-9_7 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Relationship Between Attachment Dimensions and Perceptions of Group Relationships Over Time: An Actor–Partner Interdependence Analysis
Coco, G., Gullo, S., Oieni, V., Giannone, F., Blasi, M. D., & Kivlighan, D. (2016) · Group Dynamics Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/gdn0000056 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
A cluster analysis of attachment styles in patients with borderline personality disorder, bipolar disorder and ADHD
Kouros, I., Isaksson, M., Ekselius, L., & Ramklint, M. (2024) · Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation · doi:10.1186/s40479-024-00271-2 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Compared to ASQ, the ASQ-SF has shown better psychometrics with Cronbach’s α ranging from 0.54 to 0.89 for different attachment dimensions [4, 38].”
MethodInfluential
Carer burden and dyadic attachment orientations in adult children-older parent dyads
Romano, D. A., Karantzas, G. C., Marshall, E. M., Simpson, J. A., Feeney, J. A., McCabe, M. P., Lee, J., & Mullins, E. R. (2020) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2020.104170 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Research investigating burden in the context of familial aged care has highlighted the critical role of the quality of the parent-child bond in explaining carer burden (Karantzas, Evans et al., 2010; Karantzas et al., 2010; Lee et al., 2018).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Attachment Insecurity Predicts Punishment Sensitivity in Anorexia Nervosa
Keating, C., Castle, D. J., Newton, R., Huang, C., & Rossell, S. L. (2016) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000000569 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“The ASQ-SF has been shown to capture both the two broad domains of anxious and avoidant attachment and the original five hypothesized subscales of the ASQ (Karantzas et al., 2010).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
A Pilot Study Implementing Coping Power in Italian Community Hospitals: Effect of Therapist Attachment Style on Outcomes in Children
Muratori, P., Polidori, L., Chiodo, S., Dovigo, V., Mascarucci, M., Milone, A., Nocentini, A., Stumpo, D., Visani, D., Lambruschi, F., et al. (2017) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-017-0820-7 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Engaging rural young mothers in a technology-based intervention for depression
Cluxton‐Keller, F., Buteau, J., Williams, M., Stolte, P., Monroe-Cassel, M., & BRUCE, M. L. (2019) · Child & Youth Services · doi:10.1080/0145935x.2018.1561264 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Investigating gender differences in romantic relationships
Karantzas, G. C., Goncalves, C. V., Feeney, J. A., & McCabe, M. P. (2011) · Deakin Research Online (Deakin University) · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citation
The association between attachment orientations and partner evaluations: An ideal standards perspective
Karantzas, G. C., Simpson, J. A., Overall, N. C., & Campbell, L. (2019) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/pere.12297 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citation
The relationship between attachment insecurity and pathological narcissism: A three‐level meta‐analysis
Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., & Wang, Y. (2024) · Journal of Family Theory & Review · doi:10.1111/jftr.12593 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Meditation Moderates the Relationship between Insecure Attachment and Loneliness: A Study of Long-Term Care Residents in Thailand
Myint, K. M., DeMaranville, J., Wongpakaran, T., Peisah, C., Arunrasameesopa, S., & Wongpakaran, N. (2024) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina60040622 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Attachment avoidance is characterized by discomfort with attachment figures, self-reliance, and a lack of trust toward others [28,29].”
Background
The Relationship Between Experiencing Childhood Trauma and Psychopathic Personality Traits: The Mediating Role of Insecure Attachment
van Beeck, M., Bogaerts, S., Sellbom, M., Somma, A., Fossati, A., Brehmer, Y., Janković, M., & Garofalo, C. (2024) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2024.2381558 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“…traits distinctive of the Egocentricity domain (Brinkley et al., 2008; Fossati et al., 2003), as well as to the remorseless, devaluating, and coldhearted traits distinctive of the Callousness domain (Baroncelli et al., 2023; Brinkley et al., 2008; Fossati et al., 2003; Karantzas et al., 2010).”
Influential
The role of attachment avoidance and defensive fight in aggression
Karantzas, G. C., & Kambouropoulos, N. (2019) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407518812234 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citation
Distal predictors of trait driving anger. The influence of attachment styles through the mediation effect of general anger and self-esteem
Herrero‐Fernández, D., Redondo, I., Parada‐Fernández, P., Oliva-Macías, M., & Rohwer, H. (2020) · Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.trf.2020.07.005 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
A two-generation study of attachment in mothers and their young adult offspring: Latent classes of attachment and associations with anxiety and depression
Blake, J. A., Thomas, H. J., Hurst, C. P., Pelecanos, A. M., McGee, T. R., Najman, J. M., & Scott, J. G. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.046 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Confidence in Attachment Relationships and Marital Status as Protective Factors for Self‐Perceived Parental Role and In‐Person Visitation with Children Among Incarcerated Fathers
Laquale, M. G., Coppola, G., Cassibba, R., Pasceri, M., Pietralunga, S., Taurino, A., Semeraro, C., & Grattagliano, I. (2018) · Journal of Forensic Sciences · doi:10.1111/1556-4029.13793 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia
(2021) · Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia · doi:10.7454/hubs.asia · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Dyadic Measurement Invariance and Its Importance for Replicability in Romantic Relationship ResearchPreprint
Sakaluk, J. K., Kilshaw, R. E., Fisher, A. N., & Leshner, C. E. (2019) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/9vcnz · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Attachment Matching and Coparental Interactions in Same-Sex and Different-Sex Couples Planning Parenthood
Miscioscia, M., Carli, P. D., Sacchi, C., Tasker, F., & Simonelli, A. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-51988-9_8 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Age and adult attachment style predict psychological distress in the Singapore general population during COVID-19
Samraj, J. R., Wright, D. J., & McMurtrie, H. (2023) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2023.2216466 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Impact of a Child Abuse Primary Prevention Strategy for New Mothers
O’Neill, K., Cluxton‐Keller, F., Burrell, L., Crowne, S. S., & DUGGAN, A. K. (2018) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-018-0925-2 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Relationship security was measured using nine items from the Attachment Style Questionnaire—Short Form (Karantzas et al. 2010).”
Method
The Ex-Factor: Attachment Anxiety and Social Comparisons Across Romantic Relationships
Hingorani, S., & Pinkus, R. T. (2019) · Journal of Relationships Research · doi:10.1017/jrr.2019.3 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Developmental Trajectories of Women's Identity Development
Butterbaugh, S. M., & Wood, N. D. (2020) · Journal of Family Theory & Review · doi:10.1111/jftr.12390 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Sociality of future outcomes moderates the effects of warmth and competence on social optimism bias
Dricu, M., Jossen, S. L., & Aue, T. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-12816-y · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Being Secure Means Being Willing to Say You're Sorry: Attachment Style and the Communication of Relational Dissatisfaction and Disengagement
Pizzano, P. A., Sherblom, J. C., & Umphrey, L. R. (2013) · Journal of Relationships Research · doi:10.1017/jrr.2013.7 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Karantzas et al. (2010) note that many factor analysis models of attachment style provide a relatively poor fit, having comparative fit indices (CFIs) of .62, .76, or .83, or marginal fit with a CFI of .91.”
BackgroundInfluential
Anxiety among fathers in the postnatal period: Links to depression, attachment insecurity and emotion regulation
Psouni, E., Frisk, C., & Brocki, K. C. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100276 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Alexithymia pada Sampel Non Klinis: Keterkaitannya dengan Gaya Kelekatan
Rahmawati, I. M., & Halim, M. S. (2018) · Jurnal Psikologi · doi:10.22146/jpsi.29106 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Adult Scale Of Parental Attachment-Short Form: Item Selection, Factor Structure, And Psychometric Properties
Michael, A. A. (2014) · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Association Between Adult Attachment Style and Delusional-Like Experiences in a Community Sample of Women
Varghese, D., Scott, J. G., Bor, W., Williams, G. M., Najman, J. M., & McGrath, J. J. (2013) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e318294a257 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“…examining the relationship between adult attachment style and a range of mental disorders in clinical (Couture et al., 2007; Troisi and D’Argenio, 2004; Troisi et al., 2001, 2005) and general population settings (Chotai et al., 2005; Karantzas et al., 2012; Twaite and Rodriguez-Srednicki, 2004).”
Background
Improving Outcomes for Families of Children With Medical Needs Known to Child Welfare: A Nurse Care Coordination Program
Lilly, A., Cavella, M., Roper-Lewis, A., Weglarz, M., Ayala, L., Lilli, A. C., Greene, M., Colabelli, N. B., & DUGGAN, A. K. (2021) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/10775595211044496 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“For relationship style, we used the 29-item Attachment Style Questionnaire- Short Form (Karantzas et al., 2010).”
Method
Attachment and mentalization as predictors of outcome in family therapy for adolescent anorexia nervosa (Thesis)Preprint
Jewell, T. (2021) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/ru8sd · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Family Caregiving
Karantzas, G. C. (2012) · doi:10.1002/9781444354119.ch6 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citation
A preliminary investigation of the relationships between attachment insecurity, fear of compassion, and <scp>OCD</scp> severity
McNeil, A., & Purdon, C. (2025) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12533 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Confirmatory factor analysis (Karantzas et al., 2010) revealed that the items can be divided into attachment avoidance and anxiety.”
The Maladaptive Schema Scale (MSS): Development and Validation of a Comprehensive Questionnaire for Beliefs Related to Psychopathology
Buchanan, B., Bartholomew, E. J., Smyth, C., & Hegarty, D. L. (2025) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/10731911251390083 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Formative research for a pre-operative psychosocial screening program for cardiac surgical patients: The EMBRACE study, a mixed methods knowledge to action protocol
Smith, S. E., Varnfield, M., Kavanagh, D. J., Rolls, T., Gurunathan, U., Janoschka, B., Hay, K. E., Naidoo, R., Duff, J. S., & Strodl, E. S. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0322592 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A Multi-Level Investigation of Leadership from an Attachment Theory Perspective
Sanctis, M. D. (2012) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The role of Dark Triad of personality in the relashionship between attachment type and leadership style
Dumitrașcu, E.-B. (2020) · doi:10.47040/sd0000082 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Factorial Structure of the Brazilian Adult Attachment Scale (Ebrapeg-A 34)
Tartaro, G. K., Baptista, M. N., & Peixoto, E. M. (2024) · Psicologia - Teoria e Prática · doi:10.5935/1980-6906/eptppa16123.en · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Despite the good indices associated with this model, the interest in exploring other nuances of insecure attachments has been sustained in the literature over decades (Collins & Read, 1990; Karantzas et al., 2010).”
Estrutura Interna da Escala Brasileira de Apego-Adulto 34 (Ebrapeg-A 34)
Tartaro, G. K., Baptista, M. N., & Peixoto, E. M. (2024) · Psicologia - Teoria e Prática · doi:10.5935/1980-6906/eptppa16123.pt · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Mas, apesar dos bons índices associados a esse modelo, o interesse em explorar outras nuances de apegos inseguros é sustentado na literatura ao longo de décadas (Collins & Read, 1990; Karantzas et al., 2010).”
Beyond Symptoms – A Cross-Sectional Study Exploring Functioning in Psychiatric Outpatients
Hörberg, N., Kouros, I., Ekselius, L., & Ramklint, M. (2024) · Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00332747.2024.2395754 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Accessibility of the Mental Representation of Attachment Figures in Patients With Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms
Karreman, A., Bachrach, N., Robeers, C. M. M. H., & Bekker, M. H. J. (2018) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2018.37.8.607 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Intention to Use Social Networking Sites among Malaysian Chinese Older Adults
Ooi, C. S., Siah, P. C., & Low, S. K. (2020) · Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia · doi:10.7454/hubs.asia.1090320 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The influence of attachment style on interpersonal learning in substance use psychotherapy groups
Skentzos, M., Naeli, A., & Hronis, A. (2022) · Discover Psychology · doi:10.1007/s44202-021-00016-0 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“The ASQ-SF has good reliability and validity [31].”
Background
Parenting and Relationship Maintenance
Westrupp, E. M., Marshall, E. M., Bennett, C., Benstead, M., King, G., & Karantzas, G. C. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197524718.013.16 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
Adverse experiences in early intimate relationships and next‐generation infant–mother attachment: findings from the ATP Generation 3 Study
Olsson, C. M., Greenwood, C. J., Letcher, P., Tan, E. S., Opie, J. E., Booth, A., McIntosh, J. E., & Olsson, C. A. (2023) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy · doi:10.1002/anzf.1564 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Neurobiology of Adult Attachment
Bailey, M. (2014) · QSpace (Queen's University Library) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Psychometric properties and latent classes of the Attachment Style Questionnaire in mothers and their offspringPreprint
Blake, J. A., Thomas, H. J., Hurst, C. P., Pelecanos, A. M., McGee, T. R., Najman, J. M., & Scott, J. G. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2887580/v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Counselling psychology in a changing National Health Service
Robins, J. (2014) · City Research Online (City University London)
The Relationships between Clergy Attachment Style, Leadership Style, and Clergy Professional Longevity
Nelesen, M. (2016) · ScholarWorks - WMU (Western Michigan University)
The role of Dark Triad of personality in the relashionship between attachment type and leadership style
Dumitrașcu, E.-B. (2020) · doi:10.47040/sd/sdpsych.v11i1.107
Multiple Intelligences and Attachment among University Students and Their Influence on Life Satisfaction and Happiness
Aytaç, S., & Bilgel, N. (2018) · International Journal of Science and Management Studies (IJSMS) · doi:10.51386/25815946/ijsms-v1i4p111
Pursuing Interpersonal Value
Lemay, E. P. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108645836.011
The influence of members’ attachment style on group cohesion in substance use therapy groups
Naeli, A., Skentzos, M., & Hronis, A. (2022) · Discover Psychology · doi:10.1007/s44202-022-00022-w
“[30] also reported good reliability and validity for the ASQ-SF.”
Background
References
(2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-420020-3.00013-x
Validation of Self-Reported Attachment Classification Among Racially and Ethnically Diverse Parents of Young Children
Cain, C. M., Mandell, D. J., Padhye, N. S., & Rozmus, C. (2022) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/nnr.0000000000000634
“The ASQ and short form have been developed and validated on populations representing relatively racially homogenous samples, as shown in Table 1 (Axfors et al., 2017; Duggan et al., 2009; Feeney et al., 1994; Fossati et al., 2003; Karantzas et al., 2010;McFarlane et al., 2010; Strahan, 1995).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Self-esteem and depressed thoughts can be explained by attachment and family supportPreprint
Tartaro, G. K., Baptista, M. N., Peixoto, E. M., & Franco, V. R. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/9f8kc
ความสมพนธระหวางการกำกบอารมณดวยวธการทางความคด รปแบบความผกพน ปจจยทางความสมพนธ กบความทกขใจจากการเลกรา ในนสตนกศกษาระดบปรญญาตรทผานประสบการณการเลกรา
นารถ, ศ. (2020) · doi:10.58837/chula.the.2020.657
ความสมพนธระหวางความเครยด รปแบบความผกพน ตนทนทางจตวทยาและภาวะซมเศราในวยรนทมประสบการณแยกจากบดามารดา
แก้วบุญชู, ฐ. (2020) · doi:10.58837/chula.the.2020.660
The Mediating Role of Partner Evaluations in the Associations Between Attachment Orientation and Partner Regulation Strategies
Chesterman, S., Karantzas, G. C., Aloni, J., & Wilmot, P. (2024) · Social Psychology · doi:10.1027/1864-9335/a000551
Self-citation
Changes in the relationship between attachment and emotion recognition from adolescence to adulthood
Oláh, K. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0325205
“Specifically, we used the factor structure identified by Karantzas and colleagues [30] to provide the best fit of the constructs.”
Parental behavior, adult attachment, and DNA methylation of the MT2 oxytocin receptor gene region – The moderating role of neuroticism
Geißert, L., & Hennig, J. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0341072
“Additionally, one has to keep in mind that attachment styles are not categorial, but rather dimensional [38, 50].”
Enacting Psychological Safety Under Pressure: Secure-Base Leadership And Attachment-Filtered Appraisal In High-Tempo TeamsPreprint
Alexander, S. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6516138
“Someone catching me when I’m falling”: a qualitative study exploring satisfaction in romantic relationships where one partner has borderline personality disorder
Molyneux, E., Broadbear, J. H., Rao, S., Kasiviswanathan, K., Zafir, S., Knight, T., & Mildred, H. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1807149
Development and validation of the Arabic Attachment Style Questionnaire short form and its associations with family functioning and religiosity
Ali, M. B., Veneziani, G., Reho, M., Luciani, F., Cucinotta, C., & Lai, C. (2026) · Mental Health Religion & Culture · doi:10.1080/13674676.2025.2587161
Preliminary examination of interpersonal suicide risk factors among deaf/hard-of-hearing adults
Sabaroche, A., Brice, P. J., Wildermuth, M. P., & Pick, L. H. (2026) · The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education · doi:10.1093/jdsade/enag064

On the Dimensionality of the Attachment Style Questionnaire in Italian Clinical and Nonclinical Participants
Fossati, A., Feeney, J. A., Donati, D., Donini, M., Novella, L., Bagnato, M., Acquarini, E., & Maffei, C. (2003) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/02654075030201003 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Self-citation
Psychometric properties of the attachment style questionnaire in Swedish pregnant women: short and full versions
Axfors, C., Sylvén, S. M., Skalkidou, A., & Ramklint, M. (2017) · Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology · doi:10.1080/02646838.2017.1342786 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
A Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Validation of the Vulnerable Attachment Style Questionnaire
Kupeli, N., Norton, S., Chilcot, J., Schmidt, U. H., Campbell, I. C., & Troop, N. A. (2014) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-014-9432-3 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Adult attachment: Investigating the factor structure of the Relationship Scales Questionnaire
Zortea, T. C., Gray, C. M., & O’Connor, R. C. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22838 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Validation of Self-Reported Attachment Classification Among Racially and Ethnically Diverse Parents of Young Children
Cain, C. M., Mandell, D. J., Padhye, N. S., & Rozmus, C. (2022) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/nnr.0000000000000634

Authors: Karantzas, G. C., Feeney, J. A., & Wilkinson, R.
Affiliations: Deakin University (AU)
The University of Queensland (AU)
Australian National University (AU)
Corresponding author: Karantzas, Gery C.
ORCID: Karantzas, Gery C.
Wilkinson, Ross
Venue: Journal of Social and Personal Relationships
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2010-09
Volume: 27
Issue: 6
Pages: 749-780
ISSN: 0265-4075 (ISSN-L)
1460-3608
DOI: 10.1177/0265407510373756
OpenAlex: W2138586913
Cited by: 98
References: 70
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 4.35
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Social and Personal Relationships (publishedVersion)
ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: Attachment Style Questionnaire, attachment styles, factor structure, psychometric validation, parsimony, age and gender differences

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Is less more? Confirmatory factor analysis of the Attachment Style Questionnaires

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks