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Prevalence and Incidence Studies of Mood Disorders: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Open accessAbstract
This is the second in a series of papers that present systematic reviews of the prevalence and incidence of psychiatric disorders drawn from studies published in English literature in the years 1980 to 2000. The series discusses the implications of these epidemiologic findings to mental health policy and practice. Objective: To present the results of a systematic review of literature published between January 1, 1980, and December 31, 2000, that reports findings on the prevalence and incidence of mood disorders in both general population and primary care settings. Method: We conducted a literature search of epidemiologic studies of mood disorders, using Medline and HealthSTAR databases and canvassing English-language publications. Eligible publications were restricted to studies that examined subjects aged at least 15 years and over. We used a set of predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria to identify relevant studies. We extracted and analyzed prevalence and incidence data for heterogeneity. Results: Of general population studies, a total of 18 prevalence and 5 incidence studies met eligibility criteria. We found heterogeneity across 1-year and lifetime prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD), dysthymic disorder, and bipolar I disorder. The corresponding pooled rates for 1-year prevalence were 4.1 per 100, 2.0 per 100, and 0.72 per 100, respectively. For lifetime prevalence, the corresponding pooled rates were 6.7 per 100, 3.6 per 100, and 0.8 per 100, respectively. Significant variation was observed among 1-year incidence rates of MDD, with a corresponding pooled rate of 2.9 per 100. Conclusions: The prevalence of mood disorders reported in high-quality studies is generally lower than rates commonly reported in the general psychiatric literature. When controlled for common methodological confounds, variation in prevalence rates persists across studies and deserves continued study. Methodological variation among studies that have examined the prevalence of depression in primary health care services is so large that comparative analyses cannot be achieved.
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“Depression is more common in RA than in the general population [1]”
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“Depressive disorders are highly prevalent in the general [1-3] and working [4,5] population and lead to excessive costs [6,7].”
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“These prevalence estimates are considerably higher than those observed in the general population [1] and are similar to, or higher than, those observed in patients with diabetes [24], Parkinson’s disease [25] and cancer [26].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Waraich, P., Goldner, E. M., Somers, J. M., & Hsu, L.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Waraich, Paul
- ORCID
- Somers, Julian M
- Venue
- The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2004-02
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 124-138
- ISSN
- 0706-7437 (ISSN-L)
- 1497-0015
- OpenAlex
- W4237251694
- Cited by
- 522
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 1.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Health, British Columbia
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- mood disorders, prevalence, incidence, major depressive disorder, dysthymia, bipolar I disorder, primary care, lifetime prevalence, methodological heterogeneity
- MeSH terms
- Analysis of Variance, Bipolar Disorder, Cross-Sectional Studies, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Major Depressive Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Major, Humans, Incidence, Dysthymic Disorder, Mood Disorders
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