CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 34Sleep and related disordersCircadian rhythm and melatoninSleep and Work-Related Fatigue

Effect of blue-blocking glasses in major depressive disorder with sleep onset insomnia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Esaki, Yuichi, Kitajima, Tsuyoshi, Takeuchi, Ippei, Tsuboi, Soji, Furukawa, Osamu, Moriwaki, Masatsugu, Fujita, Kiyoshi, Iwata, Nakao·2017·Chronobiology International
DOI 10.1080/07420528.2017.1318893
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Blue wavelengths form the portion of the visible electromagnetic spectrum that most potently regulates circadian rhythm. We hypothesized that wearing blue-blocking (BB) glasses in the evening may influence circadian rhythm disturbances in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), resulting in improved sleep and mood. We used a randomized placebo-controlled double-blinded design. Patients with MDD with sleep onset insomnia were randomly assigned to wearing either BB glasses or clear glasses (placebo). Patients were instructed to wear the glasses from 20:00 hours until bedtime for 2 weeks. We assessed sleep state (sleep quality on a visual analog scale, the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire [MEQ], and a sleep diary) and depressive symptoms at baseline and after 2 weeks. Data were analyzed with a full analysis set. In total, 20 patients were randomly assigned to the BB and placebo groups (BB group, n = 10; placebo group, n = 10). There were three dropouts (BB group, n = 1; placebo group, n = 2). At baseline, sleep quality, sleep latency (assessed via a sleep diary), and antipsychotics use differed between the groups. To take account of these differences, the baseline sleep state or depressive symptoms and antipsychotics use were used as covariates in the later analysis. The change scores for sleep quality did not show a significant improvement in the BB group compared with the placebo group (mean [standard deviation, SD] scores for BB versus placebo: 36.1 [31.7] versus 16.2 [15.1], p = 0.43), although half of the BB group showed a clear improvement in sleep quality. The change in MEQ scores did not significantly differ between the groups (p = 0.14), although there was a trend of a shift to morning type in the BB group (3.10 [4.95] points) and to evening type in the placebo group (0.50 [3.89] points). There were no statistically significant changes in depressive symptoms in either group. Across both groups, 40% of the participants reported pain or discomfort from wearing the glasses, which were available in only one size. Thus, the failure to find significant differences may have resulted from the glasses used in this study. Glasses fitted to individual patients may improve efficacy and safety. Replication of the study with a larger sample size and size-adjustable glasses is needed.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/07420528.2017.1318893

Cites

41 of 41 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Wearing blue light blocking eyewear before and during bed time may effectively attenuate LED induced melatonin suppression and thus can potentially facilitate the adaption to new social schedules and reduce sleep disturbances and their consequences among the general population.

    “Wearing blue light blocking eyewear before 118, 119 and during 120 bed time may effectively attenuate LED induced melatonin suppression 121, 122 and thus can potentially facilitate the adaption to new social schedules 123 and reduce sleep disturbances and their consequences among the general population.”

    From The inner clock-Blue light sets the human rhythm (2019) · cites this paper as [119]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Esaki, Y., Kitajima, T., Takeuchi, I., Tsuboi, S., Furukawa, O., Moriwaki, M., Fujita, K., & Iwata, N.
Affiliations
  • Fujita Health University (JP)
  • Department of Psychiatry, Okehazama Hospital, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
  • Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Mental Care Satellite Zengo, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
  • Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Mental Care Satellite Tokushige, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
Corresponding author
Esaki, Yuichi
ORCID
Venue
Chronobiology International
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2017-05-10
Volume
34
Issue
6
Pages
753-761
ISSN
  • 0742-0528 (ISSN-L)
  • 1525-6073
DOI
10.1080/07420528.2017.1318893
OpenAlex
W2612042924
Cited by
34
References
41
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7
FWCI
3.92
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Chronobiology International (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Astellas Pharma
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Keywords
blue light, major depressive disorder, sleep onset insomnia, circadian rhythm, sleep quality, chronotype, depressive symptoms, sleep latency
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Circadian Rhythm, Color, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Double-Blind Method, Eyeglasses, Female, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Light, Male, Middle Aged, Sleep, Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review