The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Italian Validation of the Symptom Rating Test (SRT) and Symptom Questionnaire (SQ) *
Abstract
Two self-rating scales of psychological distress, the Symptom Rating Test (SRT) and the Symptom Questionnaire (SQ), have been validated in translations in Italy. They were administered in several studies to psychiatric patients (neurotics and depressives), matched controls, and patients suffering from various organic illnesses (dermatologic disorders, hypertension, secondary amenorrhea and patients undergoing amniocentesis). The SRT and the SQ sensitively discriminated between psychiatric patients and normals, between different levels of psychological distress in several of the somatic illnesses, and detected significant changes in the psychological status of patients participating in medical procedures such as amniocentesis. The scales were found to be useful in research in psychiatry and psychosomatic medicine. The findings suggest that the Italian translations are valid and sensitive scales of distress and can apparently be used as effectively in research as the original. They are likely to be of value in cross-cultural research in Canada. Both scales may be helpful in the psychological assessment of Italian immigrants in North America and Australia, especially in those whose English is poor.
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“The Symptom Questionnaire had good validity and reliability [43]”
From Protocol and methods for testing the efficacy of well-being therapy in chronic migraine patients: a randomized controlled trial. (2018) · cites this paper as [43]
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“To pursue our aim in a more targeted manner, we used a mixed method of analysis and organized the whole narrative corpus (the writings of 23 parents) into different groups according to the parents’ psychological outcomes on the SQ Anxiety scale (Fava & Kellner, 1982; Fava et al., 1983) at follow-up.”
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“The SQ was previously validated in an Italian population and proved to be a sensitive instrument for detecting changes in clinical trials (Fava et al. 1983).”
MethodPsychosomatic Aspects of Hyperprolactinemia
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“Hostility-Irritability) and four scales of well-being (Relaxation, Contentment, Physical Well-Being and Friendliness) computed to represent the lack of these well-being dimensions (Fava et al., 1983; Kellner, 1987).”
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Psychological reactions to amniocentesis: A controlled study
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Self-citationMonti, F., Tonetti, L., & Bitti, P. E. R. (2014) · British Journal of Guidance and Counselling · doi:10.1080/03069885.2013.878018 · Cited by 35
“…use the Symptom Questionnaire (SQ) (Fava & Kellner, 1981; Kellner, 1987), because of its ability to detect the changes occurring during treatment (Fava et al., 1983) and because it was previously used to compare the effectiveness of different treatments (Fava, Rafanelli, Cazzaro, Conti, &…”
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“A validated Italian version of the Symptom Rating Test (SRT; Italian validation by Fava et al.20,21) was administered before (T0) and after (Tf) the PNEIMED course.”
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Kellner, R., Wiggins, R. J., & Pathak, D. R. (1986) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0010-440x(86)90044-1 · Cited by 34
Self-citationPsychosomatic Assessment of Hirsute Women
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Self-citationBenzodiazepines and anxiety sensitivity in panic disorder
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Depression and anxiety in cancer patients: Evidence for different causes
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“The SQ has been found to be a sensitive instrument (Fava et al., 1983).”
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“Symptoms related to emotional and somatic wellbeing were assessed using the Symptom Questionnaire (SQ; Kellner, 1987; Italian adaptation by Fava et al., 1983).”
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“In order to assess the effectiveness of the psychological treatments, the counselling service used the Italian version (Fava et al., 1983) of the Symptom Questionnaire (SQ) (Kellner, 1987).”
BackgroundMethodVescovelli, F., Albieri, E., & Ruini, C. (2014) · SpringerPlus · doi:10.1186/2193-1801-3-490 · Cited by 23
“SQ has previously been validated in an Italian population, both adults and children (Rizzardi and Trombini 1991), showing good psychometric properties (Kellner 1987; Fava et al. 1983; Fava and Sonino 2009).”
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“(2) The Italian version of Kellner’s SQ (Fava et al., 1983; Kellner, 1987).”
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Fava, G. A., Magelli, C., Savron, G., Conti, S., Bartolucci, G., Grandi, S., Semprini, F., Saviotti, F. M., Belluardo, P., & Magnani, B. (1994) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01521.x · Cited by 21
Self-citationGambetti, E., Bensi, L., Nori, R., & Giusberti, F. (2011) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s204579601100031x · Cited by 22
“The SQ (Fava et al. 1983) is a 92-item self-report questionnaire with four scales assessing pathological dimensions: anxiety, depression, somatization and hostility.”
BackgroundMethodDepression and hostility in hyperprolactinemia
D, M. F. M., Fava, G. A., Kellner, R., Serafini, E., & Mastrogiacomo, I. (1982) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0278-5846(82)80133-4 · Cited by 19
Self-citationWell-being and distress of patients with Parkinson's disease: a comparative investigation
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“(20), showing good psychometric properties (16).”
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“The Symptom Questionnaire—weekly version (SQ) [20,21] is a self-assessment questionnaire that investigates the state of well-being/distress perceived by the subject during a specific period.”
BackgroundScarponi, D., Sarti, P., Rivi, V., Colliva, C., Marconi, E., Pession, A., & Blom, J. M. C. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15133496 · Cited by 17
“Thus, by recurring to Kellner’s Symptom Questionnaire [13], we assessed the psychological symptoms (i.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialCeroni, G. B., Ceroni, F. B., Bivi, R., Corsino, M. A., de Marco, P., Gallo, E. S., Giovannini, G., Gherardi, S., Pezzoli, A., Rucci, P., et al. (1992) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/bf00788935 · Cited by 17
Cortical Inhibitory Imbalance in Functional Paralysis
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“Another relevant aspect could have been to investigate interhemispheric connectivity between the two motor cortices, using a paired coil method to test interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) (Ferbert et al., 1992).”
MethodBenasi, G., Gostoli, S., Zhu, B., Offidani, E., Artin, M. G., Gagliardi, L., Rignanese, G., Sassi, G., Fava, G. A., & Rafanelli, C. (2022) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000001115 · Cited by 16
“Taking insulin, n (%) 13 (22) 7 (23) 6 (21) .”
MethodSelf-citationPruneti, C. A., Fiduccia, A., & Guidotti, S. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100673 · Cited by 18
Spaggiari, G., Santi, D., Budriesi, G., Dondi, P., Cavedoni, S., Leonardi, L., Delvecchio, C., Valentini, L., Bondi, M., Miloro, C., et al. (2020) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-020-04723-w · Cited by 16
“The remaining four subscales investigate relaxation, contentment, physical wellbeing, and good disposition towards others, scored from 0 to 6 [19].”
BackgroundInfluentialRating Depression and Anxiety after Mastectomy: Observer versus Self-Rating Scales
Grandi, S., Fava, G. A., Cunsolo, A., Saviotti, F. M., Ranieri, M., Trombini, G., & Gozzetti, G. (1990) · The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine · doi:10.2190/e9p0-h8nw-0myj-2gcl · Cited by 16
Self-citationEffectiveness of Psychological Treatments Delivered at a Counseling Service for Students
Monti, F., Tonetti, L., & Bitti, P. E. R. (2013) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/21.02.pr0.113x28z4 · Cited by 20
Kellner, R. (1986) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-70486-4_20 · Cited by 15
Self-citationWestermeyer, J. J., Cañive, J. M., Garrard, J. M., Padilla, E. B., Crosby, R. D., & THURAS, P. D. (2002) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/136346150203900408 · Cited by 15
“Panic disorder may present as ‘anger attacks’ in minority men, rendering clinical recognition difficult (Fava et al., 1983).”
BackgroundHealth attitudes and psychological distress in patients attending a lithium clinic
Fava, G. A., Molnar, G., Spinks, M. T., Loretan, A., & Bartlett, D. (1984) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb01253.x · Cited by 15
Self-citationSirri, L., Pierangeli, G., Cevoli, S., Cortelli, P., Grandi, S., & Tossani, E. (2018) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.05.011 · Cited by 15
Self-citationLanglois, F., Suarez, G. M., & Fleseriu, M. (2020) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.22683.1 · Cited by 14
“Table 2 presents brief details of the following questionnaires: the Symptom Questionnaire 83,84 , Signs and Symptoms Score 85,86 , the Patient-Assessed Acromegaly Symptom Questionnaire 85,86 , Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) 87–89 , the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20) 90,91 , the…”
BackgroundGrussu, P., & Quatraro, R. M. (2013) · Health Care For Women International · doi:10.1080/07399332.2012.708373 · Cited by 18
Quinto, R. M., Russo, F., Scafuto, F., Innamorati, M., Montecucco, N. F., & Ghiroldi, S. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15010055 · Cited by 14
Sense of Coherence and Caregivers of Persons with Dementia
Childers, K. M. (2019) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs9020014 · Cited by 13
Psychological reactions to fetoscopy: A controlled study
Fava, G. A., Michelacci, L., Trombini, G., Bovicelli, L., & Orlandi, C. (1984) · Prenatal Diagnosis · doi:10.1002/pd.1970040602 · Cited by 13
Self-citationPsychological reactions to thermography and mammography
Bartolucci, G., Savron, G., Fava, G. A., Grandi, S., Trombini, G., & Orlandi, C. (1989) · Stress Medicine · doi:10.1002/smi.2460050310 · Cited by 12
Self-citationExploring Post-traumatic Growth in Parkinson's Disease: A Mixed Method Study
Vescovelli, F., Minotti, S., & Ruini, C. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings · doi:10.1007/s10880-020-09713-9 · Cited by 11
The effects of cognitive distortion and depression on disability in rheumatoid arthritis
Clough, D. H. (1991) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.4770140608 · Cited by 11
Mansueto, G., De Cesaris, F., Geppetti, P., & Cosci, F. (2018) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-018-2944-5 · Cited by 10
Well-Being Therapy for Depressive Symptoms in Chronic Migraine: A Case Report
Mansueto, G., & Cosci, F. (2021) · Clinical Case Studies · doi:10.1177/1534650121989812 · Cited by 10
“Affective symptoms were assessed via the Symptoms Questionnaire (SQ) (Fava et al., 1983; Kellner, 1987); distress via the PsychoSocial Index (PSI) (Piolanti et al., 2016; Sonino & Fava, 1989); psychological well-being via the Psychological Well-Being scales (PWB) (Ruini et al., 2003; Ryff & Keyes,…”
MethodGuidotti, S., Fiduccia, A., Morisi, G., & Pruneti, C. A. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13070772 · Cited by 15
“Psychological symptoms were investigated through the Symptom Questionnaire [28].”
Guidi, J., Clementi, C., & Grandi, S. (2013) · Rivista di psichiatria · doi:10.1708/1272.14036 · Cited by 10
Self-citationIl Symptom Questionnaire come strumento di screening nei contesti sanitari di base
Rucci, P., de Marco, P., & Bivi, R. (1994) · Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale · doi:10.1017/s1121189x00009295 · Cited by 8
Anxiety sensitivity in essential hypertension
Pagotto, U., Fallo, F., Fava, G. A., Boscaro, M., & Sonino, N. (1992) · Stress Medicine · doi:10.1002/smi.2460080210 · Cited by 8
Self-citationHyperprolactinemia and Psychological Distress in Women Undergoing Chronic Hemodialysis
D, M. F. M., Serafini, E., Besi, L. D., Adami, A., & Mastrogiacomo, I. (2010) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000288059 · Cited by 7
Self-citationStreet drug use during pregnancy: potential programming effects on preschool wheeze
Alton, M. E., Tough, S., Mandhane, P. J., & Kozyrskyj, A. L. (2012) · Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease · doi:10.1017/s2040174412000670 · Cited by 7
Guidotti, S., Pruneti, C. A., Mortilla, S., Masellis, G., & Caramuscio, C. (2023) · International journal of psychological research · doi:10.21500/20112084.5981 · Cited by 6
Metadata
- Authors
- Fava, G. A., Kellner, R., Perini, G. I., Fava, M., Michelacci, L., Munari, F., Evangelisti, L. P., Grandi, S., Bernardi, M., & Mastrogiacomo, I.
- Affiliations
- University of New Mexico (US)
- University of Padua (IT)
- Intern, Istituto di Semeiotica Medica, University of Padua School of Medicine.
- University of Bologna (IT)
- Venue
- The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1983-03
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 117-123
- ISSN
- 0706-7437 (ISSN-L)
- 1497-0015
- OpenAlex
- W2410047583
- Cited by
- 118
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 5.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Keywords
- symptom questionnaire, psychological distress, self-report scale, Italian translation, cross-cultural validation, psychosomatic medicine, psychiatric patients, somatic diseases, amniocentesis, neurosis, depression, Italian immigrants, psychological assessment
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affective Symptoms, Amniocentesis, Mental Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Italy, Male, Middle Aged, Neurotic Disorders, Pregnancy, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychophysiologic Disorders
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