Application of a ketogenic diet in children with autistic behavior: Pilot study
Abstract
A pilot prospective follow-up study of the role of the ketogenic diet was carried out on 30 children, aged between 4 and 10 years, with autistic behavior. The diet was applied for 6 months, with continuous administration for 4 weeks, interrupted by 2-week diet-free intervals. Seven patients could not tolerate the diet, whereas five other patients adhered to the diet for 1 to 2 months and then discontinued it. Of the remaining group who adhered to the diet, 18 of 30 children (60%), improvement was recorded in several parameters and in accordance with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale. Significant improvement (> 12 units of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale) was recorded in two patients (pre-Scale: 35.00 +/- 1.41[mean +/- SD]), average improvement (> 8-12 units) in eight patients (pre-Scale: 41.88 +/- 3.14[mean +/- SD]), and minor improvement (2-8 units) in eight patients (pre-Scale: 45.25 +/- 2.76 [mean +/- SD]). Although these data are very preliminary, there is some evidence that the ketogenic diet may be used in autistic behavior as an additional or alternative therapy.
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Administration of ketogenic diet to individuals with ASD showed positive effects especially for mild and moderate cases and some reports of improvements in seizure symptoms and behavioral deficits.
“The administration of KD to individuals with ASD underlined positive effects especially for mild and moderate cases and some reports of improvements in seizure symptoms and behavioral deficits [84,107].”
From Autism, Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Modulation of Gut Microbiota by Nutritional Interventions (2019) · cites this paper as [107]
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- Authors
- Evangeliou, A., Vlachonikolis, I., Mihailidou, H., Spilioti, M., Skarpalezou, A., Makaronas, N., Prokopiou, A., Christodoulou, P., Liapi-Adamidou, G., Helidonis, E., Sbyrakis, S., & Smeitink, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Crete (GR)
- Children's Hospital Agia Sophia (GR)
- Center of Mental Health, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Center of Mental Health, Chania, Crete, Greece
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Corresponding author
- Evangeliou, Athanasios
- Venue
- Journal of Child Neurology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2003-02
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 113-118
- ISSN
- 0883-0738 (ISSN-L)
- 1708-8283
- OpenAlex
- W1966556786
- Cited by
- 279
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 1.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Child Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Diet and metabolism studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Keywords
- ketogenic diet, autism spectrum disorder, autistic behavior, dietary therapy, Childhood Autism Rating Scale, dietary adherence, children, complementary and alternative medicine
- MeSH terms
- Autistic Disorder, Child, Child, Preschool, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Proteins, Female, Humans, Ketone Bodies, Male, Pilot Projects, Severity of Illness Index, Treatment Outcome
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