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Cited by 294

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Zinc: Physiology, Deficiency, and Parenteral Nutrition

Livingstone, Callum·2015·Nutrition in Clinical Practice
DOI 10.1177/0884533615570376
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Abstract

The essential trace element zinc (Zn) has a large number of physiologic roles, in particular being required for growth and functioning of the immune system. Adaptive mechanisms enable the body to maintain normal total body Zn status over a wide range of intakes, but deficiency can occur because of reduced absorption or increased gastrointestinal losses. Deficiency impairs physiologic processes, leading to clinical consequences that include failure to thrive, skin rash, and impaired wound healing. Mild deficiency that is not clinically overt may still cause nonspecific consequences, such as susceptibility to infection and poor growth. The plasma Zn concentration has poor sensitivity and specificity as a test of deficiency. Consequently, diagnosis of deficiency requires a combination of clinical assessment and biochemical tests. Patients receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) are susceptible to Zn deficiency and its consequences. Nutrition support teams should have a strategy for assessing Zn status and optimizing this by appropriate supplementation. Nutrition guidelines recommend generous Zn provision from the start of PN. This review covers the physiology of Zn, the consequences of its deficiency, and the assessment of its status, before discussing its role in PN.

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Cited by

Metadata

Authors
Livingstone, C.
Venue
Nutrition in Clinical Practice
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2015-02-13
Volume
30
Issue
3
Pages
371-382
ISSN
  • 0884-5336 (ISSN-L)
  • 1941-2452
DOI
10.1177/0884533615570376
OpenAlex
W2119390616
Cited by
294
References
5
FWCI
12.87
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence

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