Child abuse and chronic pain in a community survey of women
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between a self-reported history of child physical and sexual abuse and chronic pain among women (N = 3,381) in a provincewide community sample. Chronic pain was significantly associated with physical abuse, education, and age of the respondents and was unrelated to child sexual abuse alone or in combination with physical abuse, mental disorder (anxiety, depression, or substance abuse), or low income. Number of health problems and mental health disorders did not mediate the relationship between physical abuse and chronic pain. Despite considerable evidence from the clinical literature linking exposure to child maltreatment and chronic pain in adulthood, this may well be the first population-based study to investigate this relationship for child physical and sexual abuse independently. The significant association between childhood history of physical abuse and pain in adulthood calls for a greater awareness of the potential for chronic pain problems associated with this type of maltreatment. Further research is needed to understand the mechanism for this complex relationship.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A sustained pro-inflammatory profile can amplify pain processing in victims of child abuse.
“and amplify pain processing in victims of child abuse.(79,80)”
Our results add to the existing evidence for alterations in endogenous pain regulation in women with ELAb that may contribute to their greater risk for clinical pain syndromes.
“Nonetheless, our results add to the existing evidence for alterations in endogenous pain regulation in women with ELAb that may contribute to their greater risk for clinical pain syndromes.(80,84)”
Cites
Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., Koss, M. P., & Marks, J. S. (1998) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(98)00017-8 · Cited by 18,943 · see citing works
Validity of adult retrospective reports of adverse childhood experiences: review of the evidence
Hardt, J., & Rutter, M. (2004) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00218.x · Cited by 2,827 · see citing works
Wittchen, H.-U. (1994) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(94)90036-1 · Cited by 2,348 · see citing works
A review of psychological risk factors in back and neck pain
Linton, S. J. (2000) · Spine · doi:10.1097/00007632-200005010-00017 · Cited by 1,776 · see citing works
Pincus, T., Burton, A. K., Vogel, S., & Field, A. P. (2002) · Spine · doi:10.1097/00007632-200203010-00017 · Cited by 1,633 · see citing works
Multiattribute and Single-Attribute Utility Functions for the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 System
Feeny, D. F., Furlong, W. J., Torrance, G. W., Goldsmith, C. H., Zhu, Z., Depauw, S., Denton, M. A., & Boyle, M. (2002) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-200202000-00006 · Cited by 1,333 · see citing works
Self-citationChildhood abuse and lifetime psychopathology in a community sample
MacMillan, H. L., Fleming, J. E., Streiner, D. L., Lin, E., Boyle, M. H., Jamieson, E., Duku, E. K., Walsh, C. A., Wong, M. Y.-Y., & Beardslee, W. R. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.11.1878 · Cited by 1,035 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychological factors in chronic pain: Evolution and revolution.
Turk, D. C., & Okifuji, A. (2002) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.70.3.678 · Cited by 1,017 · see citing works
Psychological factors in chronic pain: Evolution and revolution
Turk, D. C., & Okifuji, A. (2002) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.70.3.678 · Cited by 1,017 · see citing works
Childhood trauma associated with smaller hippocampal volume in women with major depression
Vythilingam, M., Heim, C., Newport, J., Miller, A. H., Anderson, E., Bronen, R., Brummer, M., Staib, L., Vermetten, E., Charney, D. S., et al. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.12.2072 · Cited by 812 · see citing works
Prevalence of chronic benign pain disorder among adults: a review of the literature
Verhaak, P. F. M., Kerssens, J. J., Dekker, J., Sorbi, M. J., & Bensing, J. M. (1998) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(98)00117-1 · Cited by 743 · see citing works
Emotional abuse and neglect (psychological maltreatment): a conceptual framework
Glaser, D. (2002) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(02)00342-3 · Cited by 725 · see citing works
Chronic Pain in a Geographically Defined General Population
Andersson, H. I., Ejlertsson, G., Leden, I., Rosenberg, C., & Bromölla Health Centre (1993) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/00002508-199309000-00004 · Cited by 694 · see citing works
Chronic Pain and Psychopathology: Research Findings and Theoretical Considerations
Dersh, J., Polatin, P. B., & Gatchel, R. J. (2002) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-200209000-00010 · Cited by 676 · see citing works
Developmental neurobiology of childhood stress and trauma
Teicher, M. H., Andersen, S. L., Polcari, A., Anderson, C. M., & Navalta, C. P. (2002) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0193-953x(01)00003-x · Cited by 607 · see citing works
The prevalence of pain complaints in a general population
Crook, J., Rideout, E. M., & Browne, G. B. (1984) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(84)90824-8 · Cited by 594 · see citing works
Cassano, P., & D, M. F. M. (2002) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00304-5 · Cited by 558 · see citing works
Concomitance between childhood sexual and physical abuse and substance use problems
Simpson, T. L., & Miller, W. R. (2002) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(00)00088-x · Cited by 532 · see citing works
The health effects of childhood abuse: four pathways by which abuse can influence health
Kendall-Tackett, K. (2002) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(02)00343-5 · Cited by 494 · see citing works
MacMillan, H. L. (1997) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03550020063039 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Self-citationLong-term medical consequences of incest, rape, and molestation
FELITTI, V. J. (1991) · Southern Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/00007611-199103000-00008 · Cited by 455 · see citing works
Chronic Pain in Canada ‐ Prevalence, Treatment, Impact and the Role of Opioid Analgesia
Moulin, D. E., Clark, A. J., Speechley, M. R., & Morley-Forster, P. (2002) · Pain Research and Management · doi:10.1155/2002/323085 · Cited by 444 · see citing works
Rollman, G. B. (1995) · Pain Forum · doi:10.1016/s1082-3174(11)80026-7 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Are Reports of Childhood Abuse Related to the Experience of Chronic Pain in Adulthood?
Davis, D. A., Luecken, L. J., & Zautra, A. (2005) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/01.ajp.0000149795.08746.31 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Cancer Pain and Psychosocial Factors
Zaza, C., & Baine, N. (2002) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/s0885-3924(02)00497-9 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Shea, A., Walsh, C., MacMillan, H., & Steiner, M. (2005) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2004.07.001 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Self-citationVulnerability and resiliency to suicidal behaviours in young people
Fergusson, D. M., Beautrais, A. L., & Horwood, L. J. (2002) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291702006748 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
One-Year Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorder in Ontarians 15 to 64 Years of Age
Offord, D. R., Boyle, M. H., Campbell, D., Goering, P. N., Lin, E. H. B., Wong, M. Y.-Y., & Racine, Y. A. (1996) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674379604100904 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Self-citationHillis, S. D., Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., Nordenberg, D. F., & Marchbanks, P. A. (2000) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.106.1.e11 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Heim, C., Ehlert, U., Hanker, J. P., & Hellhammer, D. H. (1998) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199805000-00017 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Sexual Abuse History: Prevalence, Health Effects, Mediators, and Psychological Treatment
Leserman, J. (2005) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000188405.54425.20 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Childhood adversities in patients with fibromyalgia and somatoform pain disorder
Imbierowicz, K., & Egle, U. T. (2003) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/s1090-3801(02)00072-1 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Health status by gastrointestinal diagnosis and abuse history
Drossman, D., Li, Z., Leserman, J., Toomey, T., & Hu, Y. (1996) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/gast.1996.v110.pm8613034 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Scarinci, I. C., McDonald-Haile, J., Bradley, L. A., & Richter, J. E. (1994) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(94)90020-5 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Reissing, E. D., Binik, Y. M., KHALIF, S., COHEN, D., & Amsel, R. (2003) · Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy · doi:10.1080/713847095 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Chronic pain syndromes and their relation to childhood abuse and stressful life events
Lampe, A., Doering, S., Rumpold, G., Sölder, E., Krismer, M., Kantner-Rumplmair, W., Schubert, C., & Söllner, W. (2003) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00399-9 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Childhood victimization and pain in adulthood: a prospective investigation
Raphael, K. G., Widom, C. S., & Lange, G. (2001) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(01)00270-6 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
LESERMAN, J., LI, Z., DROSSMAN, D. A., & HU, Y. J. B. (1998) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291797006508 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Boyle, M. H., Furlong, W., Feeny, D., Torrance, G. W., & Hatcher, J. (1995) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/bf02260864 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Self-citationAlexander, R. W., Aaron, L. A., Alberts, K. R., Martin, M. Y., Stewart, K. E., Bradley, L. A., Alarcón, G. S., & Triana‐Alexander, M. (1998) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1790110206 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
The importance of retrospective findings in child maltreatment research
Kendall-Tackett, K. A., & Becker‐Blease, K. A. (2004) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.02.002 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Houdenhove, B. V., Neerinckx, E., Lysens, R., Vertommen, H., Houdenhove, L. V., Onghena, P., Westhovens, R., & D'hooghe, M. B. (2001) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1176/appi.psy.42.1.21 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Penza, K. M., Heim, C. C., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2003) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-002-0159-x · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Chronic pain and health care utilization in women with a history of childhood sexual abuse
Finestone, H. M., Stenn, P. G., Davies, F., Stalker, C., Fry, R., & Koumanis, J. (2000) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(00)00112-5 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Relationship between traumatic events in childhood and chronic pain
GOLDBERG, R. T., PACHASOE, W. N., & KEITH, D. (1999) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/096382899298061 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Sexual abuse: Somatic and emotional reactions
Rimsza, M. E., Berg, R. A., & Locke, C. (1988) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/0145-2134(88)90028-2 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Oken, D. (2001) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b0-08-043076-7/03770-0 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Factors related to the reporting of childhood rape
Hanson, R. F., Resnick, H. S., Saunders, B. E., Kilpatrick, D. G., & Best, C. L. (1999) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(99)00028-9 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Report from the CDC. The Legacy of Child Maltreatment: Long-Term Health Consequences for Women
Arias, I. (2004) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/1540999041280990 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
MacMillan, H. L., Jamieson, E., & Walsh, C. A. (2003) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2003.06.003 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Self-citationThe prevalence of sexual abuse in women with fibromyalgia
Taylor, M. L., Trotter, D. R., & Csuka, M. (1995) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1780380211 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Fillingim, R. B., & Edwards, R. R. (2005) · The Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/01.ajp.0000149801.46864.39 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
A population-based study of the relationship between sexual abuse and back pain: establishing a link
Linton, S. J. (1997) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(97)00071-7 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
A controlled study of amitriptyline in the treatment of chronic pain
Pilowsky, I., Hallett, E. C., Bassett, D. L., Thomas, P., & Penhall, R. K. (1982) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(82)90097-5 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Parillo, K. M., Freeman, R. C., Collier, K., & Young, P. A. (2001) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(00)00253-2 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Sexual assault history and health perceptions: Seven general population studies.
Golding, J. M., Cooper, M. L., & George, L. K. (1997) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.16.5.417 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
The impact of child sexual abuse—A study of a random sample of Norwegian students
Bendixen, M., Muus, K. M., & Schei, B. (1994) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/0145-2134(94)90063-9 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Sexual and Physical Abuse in Women With Fibromyalgia Syndrome
Ciccone, D. S., Elliott, D. K., Chandler, H. K., Nayak, S., & Raphael, K. G. (2005) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/01.ajp.0000149796.08746.ea · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Chronic Pain: The Extra Burden on Canadian Women
Meana, M., Cho, R., & DesMeules, M. (2004) · BMC Women s Health · doi:10.1186/1472-6874-4-s1-s17 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
The epidemiology of chronic pain in a Swedish rural area
Andersson, H. I. (1994) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/bf00433371 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Sex‐based differences in gastrointestinal pain
Mayer, E. A., Berman, S. M., Chang, L., & Naliboff, B. D. (2004) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2004.01.006 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Mental Health Supplement to the Ontario Health Survey: Methodology
Boyle, M. H., Offord, D. R., Campbell, D., Catlin, G., Goering, P. N., Lin, E. H. B., & Racine, Y. A. (1996) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674379604100903 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Self-citationSexual assault history and health perceptions: Seven general population studies.
Golding, J. M., Cooper, M. L., & George, L. K. (1997) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.16.5.417 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Sexual Assault History and Headache
Golding, J. M. (1999) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-199910000-00006 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Hobfoll, S. E., Bansal, A., Schurg, R., Young, S., Pierce, C. A., Hobfoll, I., & Johnson, R. J. (2002) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.70.1.252 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Friedman, R., Li, V., & Mehrotra, D. (2003) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1526-4637.2003.03017.x · Cited by 88 · see citing works
A prospective study of the effects of sexual or physical abuse on back pain
Linton, S. J. (2002) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(01)00480-8 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Documented and Self-Reported Child Abuse and Adult Pain in a Community Sample
Brown, J. F., Berenson, K. R., & Cohen, P. R. (2005) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/01.ajp.0000149797.16370.dc · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Do Physical And Sexual Abuse Differentially Affect Chronic Pain States in Women?
Green, C. R., Flowe, H. D., Rosenblum, L., & Tait, A. R. (1999) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/s0885-3924(99)00107-4 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Nijenhuis, E. R. S., van Dyck, R., ter Kuile, M. M., Mourits, M. J. E., Spinhoven, P., & van der Hart, O. (2003) · Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.3109/01674820309042806 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Is childhood abuse a risk factor for chronic pain in adulthood?
Raphael, K. G., Chandler, H. K., & Ciccone, D. S. (2004) · Current Pain and Headache Reports · doi:10.1007/s11916-004-0023-y · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Sociopsychological factors in chronic pelvic pain: A review
Fry, R. P. W., Crisp, A. H., & Beard, R. W. (1997) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(96)00233-4 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Psychiatric comorbidity in chronic daily headache: Pathophysiology, etiology, and diagnosis
Guidetti, V., & Galli, F. (2002) · Current Pain and Headache Reports · doi:10.1007/s11916-002-0069-7 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Psychological Factors and the Development of Chronic Pain
Kuch, K. (2001) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/00002508-200112001-00009 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Does childhood sexual abuse cause fibromyalgia?
Hudson, J. I., & Pope, H. G. (1995) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1780380203 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
The Impact of Sampling and Measurement on the Prevalence of Self‐Reported Pain in Canada
Kerkhof, E. G. V. D., Hopman, W. M., Towheed, T., Anastassiades, T., & Goldstein, D. H. (2003) · Pain Research and Management · doi:10.1155/2003/493047 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
The National Population Health Survey: highlights of initial developments.
Catlin, G., & Will, P. M. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Fry, R. P. W., Beard, R. W., Crisp, A. H., & Mcguigan, S. (1997) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(96)00231-0 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Psychosomatic aspects of vulvodynia. Comparison with the chronic pelvic pain syndrome.
Bodden-Heidrich, R., Küppers, V., Beckmann, M. W., Özörnek, M. H., Rechenberger, I., & Bender, H. G. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 29 · see citing works
The Attachment Partnership as Conceptual Base for Exploring the Impact of Child Maltreatment
Page, T. F. (1999) · Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal · doi:10.1023/a:1022397204929 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Are childhood adversities relevant in patients with chronic low back pain?
Nickel, R., Egle, U. T., & Hardt, J. (2002) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1053/eujp.2001.0336 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Medically Unexplained Physical Symptoms: Toward an Alternative Paradigm for Diagnosis and Treatment
Ballas, C. A., & Staab, J. P. (2003) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852900008245 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
PROTECTIVE AND RISK BEHAVIORS OF RURAL MINORITY ADOLESCENT WOMEN
Champion, J. D., & Kelly, P. (2002) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/016128402753542965 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Yücel, B., Özyalçın, S., Sertel, H. Ö., Çamlıca, H., Ketenci, A., & Talu, G. K. (2002) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/00002508-200211000-00008 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Meagher, M. W. (2004) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10674-009 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Addiction in patients with chronic pain.
Compton, P. A., & Ca, E. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Ethics and Integrity in Industrial Research and Development: Introduction
Eberl, J. J. (1964) · Research Management · doi:10.1080/00345334.1964.11755712 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Wilson (1999) · doi:10.1002/1529-0131(199907)42:7
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries
Gilbert, R., Widom, C. S., Browne, K., Fergusson, D., Webb, E., & Janson, S. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61706-7 · Cited by 3,876 · see citing works
Sex differences in pain: a brief review of clinical and experimental findings
Bartley, E. J., & Fillingim, R. B. (2013) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aet127 · Cited by 2,168 · see citing works
Pathways of chronic pain in survivors of intimate partner violence
Wuest, J., Ford-Gilboe, M., Merritt-Gray, M., Wilk, P., Campbell, J. C., Lent, B., Varcoe, C., & Smye, V. (2010) · Journal of Women's Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2009.1856 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Wuest, J., Ford-Gilboe, M., Merritt-Gray, M., Varcoe, C., Lent, B., Wilk, P., & Campbell, J. (2009) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2009.00624.x · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Andersen, E., Geiger, P., Schiller, C., Bluth, K., Watkins, L., Zhang, Y., Xia, K., Tauseef, H., Leserman, J., Girdler, S., et al. (2021) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000889 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
- Authors
- Walsh, C. A., Jamieson, E., MacMillan, H., & Boyle, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Calgary (CA)
- McMaster University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Walsh, Christine A.
- Venue
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2007-12
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1536-1554
- ISSN
- 0886-2605 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-6518
- OpenAlex
- W2107356670
- Cited by
- 108
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 8.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Child Abuse and Related Trauma
- Keywords
- child abuse, chronic pain, child physical abuse, child sexual abuse, women, mental illness, mediation, age, low income, community sample
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Alberta, Anxiety, Child, Child Abuse, Chronic Disease, Depression, Female, Health Status, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Pain, Surveys and Questionnaires, Comorbidity, Women's Health
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review