Trajectories of Depression, Post-Traumatic Stress, and Chronic Pain Among Women Who Have Separated From an Abusive Partner: A Longitudinal Analysis

Ford-Gilboe, Marilyn; Varcoe, Colleen; Wuest, Judith; Campbell, Jacquelyn; Pajot, Michelle; Heslop, Lisa; Perrin, Nancy

doi:10.1177/08862605221090595

Cited by 42Intimate Partner and Family ViolenceChild Abuse and TraumaPosttraumatic Stress Disorder Research

Trajectories of Depression, Post-Traumatic Stress, and Chronic Pain Among Women Who Have Separated From an Abusive Partner: A Longitudinal Analysis

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Ford-Gilboe, Marilyn, Varcoe, Colleen, Wuest, Judith, Campbell, Jacquelyn, Pajot, Michelle, Heslop, Lisa, Perrin, Nancy·2023·Journal of Interpersonal Violence

DOI 10.1177/08862605221090595PMC PMC9709554

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Abstract

This longitudinal study explored changes in women's health after separation from an abusive partner by characterizing the trajectories of their mental health (depression and post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD]) and physical health (chronic pain) over a 4-year period. We examined how the severity of intimate partner violence (IPV) affected these trajectories, controlling for selected baseline factors using 5 waves of data collected from a community sample of 309 English-speaking, Canadian women. IPV severity was measured using the Index of Spouse Abuse where women were asked to consider the entire period of their partner relationship up to present at wave 1 and to rate their IPV experiences in the previous 12 months at waves 2-5. Mental health was measured using established self-report measures of depression (CESD) and PTSD (Davidson Trauma Scale), while chronic pain was measured using the Chronic Pain Grade Scale. Trajectories were estimated using MLM techniques with severity of IPV and selected co-variates (time since separation, age, financial strain) included. Our results show that women's health improved significantly over time, although significant levels of depression, PTSD symptoms and disabling chronic pain remained at the end of wave 5. Regardless of time since separation, more severe IPV was associated with higher levels of depression, PTSD, and disabling chronic pain, with IPV having a stronger effect on these health outcomes over time, suggesting cumulative effects of IPV on health. The results of this study contribute to quantifying the continuing mental and physical health burdens experienced by women after separation from an abusive partner. Increased attention to the long-term effects of violence on women's health beyond the crisis of leaving is critically needed to strengthen health and social services and better support women's recovery and healing.

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Authors: Ford-Gilboe, M., Varcoe, C., Wuest, J., Campbell, J., Pajot, M., Heslop, L., & Perrin, N.
Affiliations: Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University London, ON, Canada
University of British Columbia (CA)
University of New Brunswick (CA)
Johns Hopkins University (US)
Western University (CA)
ORCID: Ford-Gilboe, Marilyn
Varcoe, Colleen
Wuest, Judith
Campbell, Jacquelyn
Heslop, Lisa
Perrin, Nancy
Venue: Journal of Interpersonal Violence
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2022-05-05
Volume: 38
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 1540-1568
ISSN: 0886-2605 (ISSN-L)
1552-6518
DOI: 10.1177/08862605221090595
PMC: PMC9709554
OpenAlex: W4229016128
Cited by: 40
References: 79
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2
FWCI: 4.99
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (unspecified)
Locations: Journal of Interpersonal Violence (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Institute of Gender and Health (106054, 15156)
Topics: Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Keywords: intimate partner violence, separation from abusive partner, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, chronic pain, women's health, health trajectories, long-term health effects, financial stress, leaving abusive relationships
MeSH terms: Intimate Partner Violence, Canada, Depression, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Chronic Pain

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Trajectories of Depression, Post-Traumatic Stress, and Chronic Pain Among Women Who Have Separated From an Abusive Partner: A Longitudinal Analysis

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