Childhood Adversities and Adult Cardiometabolic Health: Does the Quantity, Timing, and Type of Adversity Matter?
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Objective: Adverse events in childhood can indelibly influence adult health. While evidence for this association has mounted, a fundamental set of questions about how to operationalize adverse events has been understudied. Method: We used data from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States to examine how quantity, timing, and types of adverse events in childhood are associated with adult cardiometabolic health. Results: The best-fitting specification of quantity of events was a linear measure reflecting a dose–response relationship. Timing of event mattered less than repeated exposure to events. Regarding the type of event, academic interruptions and sexual/physical abuse were most important. Adverse childhood events elevated the risk of diabetes and obesity similarly for men and women but had a greater impact on women’s risk of heart disease. Discussion: Findings demonstrate the insights that can be gleaned about the early-life origins of adult health by examining operationalization of childhood exposures.
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Grouping some variables into broader clusters can reduce the number of parameters to be estimated in Eq. (2).
“Second, researchers can group some of the variables into broader clusters (e.g., mental health, socioeconomic, etc) [32,63], especially for variables whose correlation approaches unity [64]. This maneuver can reduce the number of parameters to be estimated in Eq. (2).”
From Syndemics and Health Disparities: A Methodological Note (2016) · cites this paper as [63]
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Self-citationRevictimization Is Associated With Higher Cardiometabolic Risk in Sexual Minority Women
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- Authors
- Friedman, E. M., Montez, J. K., Sheehan, C. M., Guenewald, T. L., & Seeman, T. E.
- Affiliations
- RAND Corporation (US)
- Syracuse University (US)
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- University of Southern California (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Friedman, Esther M.
- Venue
- Journal of Aging and Health
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2015-04-22
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1311-1338
- ISSN
- 0898-2643 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-6887
- PMC
- PMC4618269
- OpenAlex
- W1975221687
- Cited by
- 145
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 14.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Aging and Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (2t32hd007545-21)
- National Institute on Aging (P30AG028748, P01AG020166, U19AG051426)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000865)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (T32-HD007545, R24HD042849, T32HD007081)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Keywords
- adverse childhood experiences, cardiometabolic health, diabetes risk, obesity risk, heart disease risk, sexual abuse, physical abuse, dose-response relationship, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult Survivors of Child Adverse Events, Adult, Aged, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Heart Diseases, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Risk, Time Factors, United States
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