The importance of timing: The varying impact of childhood and adolescent maltreatment on multiple problem outcomes
Abstract
A substantial body of literature suggests that childhood maltreatment is related to negative outcomes during adolescence, including delinquency, drug use, teenage pregnancy, and school failure. There has been relatively little research examining the impact that variation in the developmental stage during which the maltreatment occurs has on these relationships, however. In this paper, we reassess the impact of maltreatment on a number of adverse outcomes when developmentally specific measures of maltreatment—maltreatment that occurs only in childhood, only in adolescence, or in both childhood and adolescence—are considered. Data are drawn from the Rochester Youth Development Study, a broad-based longitudinal study of adolescent development. The analysis examines how maltreatment affects delinquency, drug use, alcohol-related problems, depressive symptoms, teen pregnancy, school dropout, and internalizing and externalizing problems during adolescence. We also examine whether the type of maltreatment experienced at various developmental stages influences the outcomes. Overall, our results suggest that adolescent and persistent maltreatment have stronger and more consistent negative consequences during adolescence than does maltreatment experienced only in childhood.
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Neglect during childhood is associated with higher levels of conduct problem behavior.
“Neglect experienced during childhood has been associated with higher levels of conduct problem behavior (Thornberry et al, 2001).”
From Deviations from the expectable environment in early childhood and emerging psychopathology (2015) · cites this paper as Thornberry et al, 2001
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“This procedure has been used in other studies when using the RYDS version of the CBCL (e.g., Thornberry et al. 2001), and by other longitudinal studies utilizing the CBCL (Bauer et al. 2006).”
MethodSelf-citationHong, J. S., Espelage, D. L., Grogan‐Kaylor, A. C., & Allen‐Meares, P. (2011) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-011-9185-4 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Teen Birth Rates in Sexually Abused and Neglected Females
Noll, J. G., & Shenk, C. E. (2013) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2012-3072 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Breaking the Cycle of Maltreatment: The Role of Safe, Stable, and Nurturing Relationships
Thornberry, T. P., Henry, K. L., Smith, C. A., Ireland, T. O., Greenman, S. J., & Lee, R. D. (2013) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.04.019 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Self-citationLatent Classes of Maltreatment: A Systematic Review and Critique
Rivera, P. M., Fincham, F. D., & Bray, B. C. (2017) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559517728125 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
“A developmental orientation to the study of latent classes of maltreatment calls for consideration to be given to children’s developmental status during assessment, necessitating researchers to consider the age span assessed (Barnett et al., 1993; Thornberry et al., 2001).”
BackgroundBenedini, K. M., Fagan, A. A., & Gibson, C. L. (2016) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.08.003 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Salzinger, S., Rosario, M., & Feldman, R. S. (2007) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559507301839 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
“The latter finding is consistent with earlier reports from the Rochester Youth Development Study (Thornberry et al., 2001).”
ResultCovey, H. C., Menard, S., & Franzese, R. J. (2013) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559513477914 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
“…to physical abuse or physical violence more generally, are more likely than their nonexposed peers to have negative long-term outcomes, including subsequent adolescent, young adult, and, to a lesser extent, later adult problem behaviors (Sousa et al., 2011; Tajima, 2004; Thornberry et al., 2001).”
BackgroundInfluentialFrom Child Welfare to Juvenile Justice
Goodkind, S. A., Shook, J. J., Kim, K. H., Pohlig, R. T., & Herring, D. J. (2012) · Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice · doi:10.1177/1541204012463409 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
“Like other recent research (e.g., Ireland et al., 2002; Thornberry et al., 2001), we find that age at involvement with the child welfare system is a significant predictor of juvenile justice involvement.”
MethodExploring the relationship between child welfare intervention and juvenile corrections involvement.
Jonson‐Reid, M. (2002) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/0002-9432.72.4.559 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Patterns of violence exposure and sexual risk in low-income, urban African American girls.
Wilson, H. W., Woods-Jaeger, B. A., Emerson, E. M., & Donenberg, G. R. (2012) · Psychology of Violence · doi:10.1037/a0027265 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Understanding Chronically Reported Families
Jonson‐Reid, M., Emery, C. R., Drake, B., & Stahlschmidt, M. J. (2010) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559510380738 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Smith, C. A., Ireland, T. O., Thornberry, T. P., & Elwyn, L. (2008) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/0002-9432.78.2.173 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citationMcCrae, J. S., Chapman, M. V., & Christ, S. L. (2006) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/0002-9432.76.4.468 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Ethnic differences in adolescents' mental distress, social stress, and resources.
Choi, H., Meininger, J. C., & ROBERTS, R. E. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Adolescent risk factors for child maltreatment
Thornberry, T. P., Matsuda, M., Greenman, S. J., Augustyn, M. B., Henry, K. L., Smith, C. A., & Ireland, T. O. (2013) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.08.009 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
“Maltreatment prevalence in community surveys is even higher, at 15% or more (e.g., Straus & Gelles, 1986; Thornberry, Ireland, & Smith, 2001).”
Self-citation
- Authors
- THORNBERRY, T. P., IRELAND, T. O., & SMITH, C. A.
- Affiliations
- University at Albany, State University of New York (US)
- Niagara University (US)
- Venue
- Development and Psychopathology
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2001-12
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 957-979
- ISSN
- 0954-5794 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-2198
- OpenAlex
- W2143902462
- Cited by
- 579
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 32
- FWCI
- 6.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Development and Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5p30hd032041-05)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA005512, 5 R01 DA05512-02)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P30 HD32041)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Child Welfare and Adoption
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- child abuse, adolescent maltreatment, developmental stages, delinquency, adolescent drug use, alcohol-related problems, depressive symptoms, adolescent pregnancy, school dropout, internalizing problems, externalizing problems, Rochester Youth Development Study
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Age Factors, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Child, Child Abuse, Child Behavior Disorders, Depression, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Juvenile Delinquency, Male, New York, Personality Development, Pregnancy, Pregnancy in Adolescence, Risk Factors, Student Dropouts, Substance-Related Disorders
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