Why do poor people behave poorly? Variation in adult health behaviours and psychosocial characteristics by stages of the socioeconomic lifecourse

Lynch, J.W.; Kaplan, G.A.; Salonen, J.T.

doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(96)00191-8

Cited by 1,150Health disparities and outcomesPublic Health and Social InequalitiesEmployment and Welfare Studies

Why do poor people behave poorly? Variation in adult health behaviours and psychosocial characteristics by stages of the socioeconomic lifecourse

Lynch, J.W., Kaplan, G.A., Salonen, J.T.·1997·Social Science & Medicine

DOI 10.1016/s0277-9536(96)00191-8

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Attempts to explain socioeconomic inequalities in health have often made reference to the observation that poor health behaviours and psychosocial characteristics cluster in low socioeconomic status (SES) groups. Causal interpretation of the association between SES, health behaviour, psychosocial orientations, and health inequalities has been hampered because these factors and SES have usually been measured at the same point in time. Data from the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study were used to examine the associations between measures of SES reflecting different stages of the lifecourse, health behaviours, and psychosocial characteristics in adulthood in a population-based study of 2674 middle-aged Finnish men. Results show that many adult behaviours and psychosocial dispositions detrimental to health are consistently related to poor childhood conditions, low levels of education, and blue-collar employment. Poor adult health behaviours and psychosocial characteristics were more prevalent among men whose parents were poor. Increases in income inequality which place children into low SES conditions may well produce a negative behavioural and psychosocial health dividend to be reaped in the future. Understanding that adult health behaviour and psychosocial orientations are associated with socioeconomic conditions throughout the lifecourse implies that efforts to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in health must recognize that economic policy is public health policy.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0277-9536(96)00191-8

Cites

76 of 76 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

SAS user's guide
Barr, A. J. (1979) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7,198 · see citing works
Actual causes of death in the United States
McGinnis, J. M. (1993) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1993.03510180077038 · Cited by 5,480 · see citing works
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
Cooper, T. (1976) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/141.8.521 · Cited by 3,994 · see citing works
Socioeconomic status and health: The challenge of the gradient.
Adler, N. E., Boyce, W. T., Chesney, M. A., Cohen, S., Folkman, S., Kahn, R. L., & Syme, S. L. (1994) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.49.1.15 · Cited by 3,182 · see citing works
Fetal nutrition and cardiovascular disease in adult life
Barker, D. J. P., Godfrey, K. M., Gluckman, P. D., Harding, J. E., Owens, J. A., & Robinson, J. S. (1993) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(93)91224-a · Cited by 2,753 · see citing works
Growth in utero, blood pressure in childhood and adult life, and mortality from cardiovascular disease.
Barker, D. J., Osmond, C., Golding, J., Kuh, D., & Wadsworth, M. E. (1989) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.298.6673.564 · Cited by 2,415 · see citing works
Socioeconomic status and health: The challenge of the gradient
Adler, N. E., Boyce, T., Chesney, M. A., Cohen, S., Folkman, S., Kahn, R. L., & Syme, S. L. (1994) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.49.1.15 · Cited by 2,383 · see citing works
Socioeconomic factors and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature.
Kaplan, G. A., & Keil, J. E. (1993) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.88.4.1973 · Cited by 1,845 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Epidemiology of Social Stress
Turner, R. J., Wheaton, B., & Lloyd, D. A. (1995) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2096348 · Cited by 1,362 · see citing works
The Relationship between Socioeconomic Status and Health: A Review of the Literature
Feinstein, J. S. (1993) · Milbank Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3350401 · Cited by 1,073 · see citing works
Fetal and infant origins of adult disease
Barker, D. J. P. (2001) · Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde · doi:10.1007/s001120170002 · Cited by 1,042 · see citing works
Healthy people : the Surgeon General's report on health promotion and disease prevention
General, S. (1979) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,041 · see citing works
Racism, Sexism, and Social Class: Implications for Studies of Health, Disease, and Well-being
Krieger, N., Rowley, D. L., Herman, A. A., Avery, B., & Phillips, M. T. (1993) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(18)30666-4 · Cited by 956 · see citing works
Why are Some People Healthy and Others Not?
Evans, R. G., Barer, M. L., & Marmor, T. R. (2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315135755 · Cited by 877 · see citing works
Relation of Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness to the Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Men
Lakka, T. A., Venalainen, J. M., Rauramaa, R., Salonen, R., Tuomilehto, J., & Salonen, J. T. (1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199406023302201 · Cited by 793 · see citing works
Self-citation
Socioeconomic Status Differences in Vulnerability to Undesirable Life Events
McLeod, J. D., & Kessler, R. C. (1990) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2137170 · Cited by 672 · see citing works
Socioeconomic Status And Health
(2002) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.21.2.47 · Cited by 667 · see citing works
You are Dangerous to Your Health: The Ideology and Politics of Victim Blaming
Crawford, R. (1977) · International Journal of Health Services · doi:10.2190/yu77-t7b1-en9x-g0pn · Cited by 614 · see citing works
Hopelessness and Risk of Mortality and Incidence of Myocardial Infarction and Cancer
Everson‐Rose, S. A., Goldberg, D. E., Kaplan, G. A., Cohen, R. D., Pukkala, ., Tuomilehto, J., & Salonen, J. T. (1996) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199603000-00003 · Cited by 591 · see citing works
Self-citation
Why Are Some People Healthy and Others Not?
Bloomfield, A. (1994) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783112421628 · Cited by 585 · see citing works
Do Cardiovascular Risk Factors Explain the Relation between Socioeconomic Status, Risk of All-Cause Mortality, Cardiovascular Mortality, and Acute Myocardial Infarction?
Lynch, J. W., Kaplan, G. A., Cohen, R. D., Tuomilehto, J., & Salonen, J. T. (1996) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008863 · Cited by 547 · see citing works
Self-citation
An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations
Larson, J. L. (2015) · Journal of the Early Republic · doi:10.1353/jer.2015.0003 · Cited by 519 · see citing works
A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste
Bourdıeu, P., & Claudel, P. (1984) · Cited by 512 · see citing works
Social Factors in Obesity
Goldblatt, P. B. (1965) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1965.03080250017004 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Social Status and Psychological Disorder: A Causal Inquiry.
Tucker, E. M. (1970) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1970.01740260095015 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Social Status and Psychological Disorder: A Causal Inquiry.
O’Connor, J. R., Dohrenwend, B. P., & Dohrenwend, B. S. (1971) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2094118 · Cited by 413 · see citing works
Fetal and Infant Origins of Adult Disease.
Artman, M. (1993) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/27.6.1137a · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Top heavy : a study of the increasing inequality of wealth in America
Wolff, E. N., & Fund, T. C. (1994) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 380 · see citing works
Is there a continuing need for longitudinal epidemiologic research? The Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study.
SALONEN, J. T. (1988) · PubMed · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Self-citation
Physical Activity Behaviors in Lower and Higher Socioeconomic Status Populations
Ford, E. S., Merritt, R. K., Heath, G. W., Powell, K. E., Washburn, R. A., Kriska, A. M., & Haile, G. T. (1991) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115836 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Social class disparities in risk factors for disease: Eight-year prevalence patterns by level of education
Winkleby, M. A., Fortmann, S. P., & Barrett, D. C. (1990) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/0091-7435(90)90001-z · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Childhood and adult socioeconomic status as predictors of mortality in Finland
Lynch, J. W., Kaplan, G. A., Cohen, R. D., Wilson, T. W., Smith, N. L., Kauhanen, J., & Salonen, J. T. (1994) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(94)91468-0 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Self-citation
Pathways to Health: The Role of Social Factors.
Rosenberg, T. J., Bunker, J. P., Gomby, D. S., & Kehrer, B. H. (1991) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2072131 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Obesity and Socioeconomic Status -- A Complex Relation
Stunkard, A. J., & Sørensen, T. I. A. (1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199309303291411 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Producing Health, Consuming Health Care
Evans, R. G., & Stoddart, G. L. (2016) · McGill-Queen's University Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9780773599468-022 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Health and ways of living
Lisa, F. (1983) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Socioeconomic conditions in childhood and ischaemic heart disease during middle age.
Kaplan, G. A., & Salonen, J. T. (1990) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.301.6761.1121 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Self-citation
Statistical Models for Longitudinal Studies of Health.
Albert, P. S., Dweyer, J. H., Feinleib, M., et al. (1993) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2290740 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Hostility and the progression of carotid atherosclerosis.
Julkunen, J., Salonen, R. M., Kaplan, G. A., Chesney, M. A., & Salonen, J. T. (1994) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199411000-00007 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Self-citation
LEISURE TIME AND OCCUPATIONAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY: RISK OF DEATH FROM ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE
Salonen, J. T., Slater, J. S., Tuomilehto, J. O., & Rauramaa, R. (1988) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114794 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Self-citation
Dietary Intake Patterns and Sociodemographic Factors in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Shimakawa, T., Sorlie, P. D., Carpenter, M. A., Dennis, B., Tell, G. S., Watson, R. L., & Williams, O. D. (1994) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1006/pmed.1994.1133 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Public health implications of dietary differences between social status and occupational category groups.
Smith, A. M., & Baghurst, K. I. (1992) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.46.4.409 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Health Lifestyle Patterns of U.S. Adults
Patterson, R. E., Haines, P. S., & Popkin, B. M. (1994) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1006/pmed.1994.1062 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
MEASUREMENT ERROR AND ITS IMPACT ON PARTIAL CORRELATION AND MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSES1
Liu, K. J. (1988) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114870 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
How Destination Depends on Origin in the Occupational Mobility Table
Duncan, O. D. (1979) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/226861 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Socioeconomic Status and Health: Old Observations and New Thoughts
Haan, M. N., Kaplan, G. A., & Syme, S. L. (1989) · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Self-citation
Socioeconomic Status and Carotid Atherosclerosis
Lynch, J. W., Kaplan, G. A., Salonen, R. M., Cohen, R. D., & Salonen, J. T. (1995) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.92.7.1786 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Self-citation
A community-based heart disease intervention: predictors of change.
Winkleby, M. A., Flora, J. A., & KRAEMER, H. C. (1994) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.84.5.767 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
The Descriptive Epidemiology of a Sedentary Lifestyle in Adult Australians
Owen, N. G., & Bauman, A. E. (1992) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/21.2.305 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Where Do Shared Pathways Lead? Some Reflections on a Research Agenda
Kaplan, G. A. (1995) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199505000-00002 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citation
Association between Plasma Fibrinogen Concentration and Five Socioeconomic Indices in the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study
Wilson, T. W., Kaplan, G. A., Kauhanen, J., Cohen, R. D., Wu, M., Salonen, R., & Salonen, J. T. (1993) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116676 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Self-citation
Tackling Inequalities in Health
Whitehead, M. (1995) · Health Education Journal · doi:10.1177/001789699505400201 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Bias in relative odds estimation owing to imprecise measurement of correlated exposures
Phillips, A. N., & Smith, G. D. (1992) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.4780110712 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Social determinants of disease.
Syme, S. L. (1987) · PubMed · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Physical Activity at Work and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Results from the MONICA Augsburg Study
Stender, M., Hense, H. W., Döring, A., et al. (1993) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/22.4.644 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Physical Activity and Serum Lipids: A Cross-sectional Population Study in Eastern Finnish Men
Lakka, T. A., & Salonen, J. T. (1992) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/136.7.806 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Self-citation
Educational Attainment and Coronary Heart Disease Risk: The Framingham Offspring Study
Garrison, R. J., Gold, R. S., Wilson, P. W. F., et al. (1993) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1006/pmed.1993.1004 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Maxcy-Rosenau Public Health and Preventive Medicine
Zack, M. M. (1986) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1986.03380060100043 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Consistency and variation in unhealthy behaviour among Finnish men, 1982–1990
Prättälä, R., Karisto, A., & Berg, M. (1994) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(94)90171-6 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Relationship of social class characteristics and risk factors for coronary heart disease in West Germany
Helmert, U., Shea, S., HERMAN, B., & Greiser, E. M. (1990) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/s0033-3506(05)80083-6 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Diet of Finnish Children in Relation to the Family's Socio-Economic Status
Laitinen, S., Räsänen, L., Viikari, J. S. A., et al. (1995) · Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine · doi:10.1177/140349489502300203 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Cutaneous Melanoma in Women II. Phenotypic Characteristics and Other Host-related Factors
Holly, E. A., Aston, D. A., Cress, R. D., Ahn, D. K., & Kristiansen, J. J. (1995) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117360 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Welfare Trends in the Scandinavian Countries.
Tilton, T., Hansen, E. J., Ringen, S., et al. (1994) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2076381 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Social class and health behaviour in Danish adults: A longitudinal study
Osler, M. (1993) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/s0033-3506(05)80504-9 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Doing Better and Feeling Worse
Anderson, R. K. (1978) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1978.27.212 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Doing Better and Feeling Worse
Knowles, J. H. (1978) · Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences · doi:10.2307/3823145 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Socio-economic status and risk factors for cardiovascular disease: A multicentre collaborative study in the international clinical epidemiology network (INCLEN)
(1994) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(94)90084-1 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Women's Health Counts
Roberts, H. M. (1990) · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Socio-economic health inequalities: Their origins and implications
Carroll, D., Bennett, P. D., & Smith, G. D. (1993) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870449308401924 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Nutrition data collection in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study: Nutrient intake of middle-aged eastern finnish men
Ihanainen, M., Salonen, R. M., Seppänen, R., & Salonen, J. T. (1989) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/s0271-5317(89)80126-5 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citation
Education and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease: Results From a New England Community
Reynes, J. F., Lasater, T. M., Feldman, H. A., Assaf, A. R., & Carleton, R. A. (1993) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(18)30689-5 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Social position and health
Lynch, J. W. (1996) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/1047-2797(95)00120-4 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citation
Social Status and Psychological Disorder.
Pfautz, H. W., Dohrenwend, B. P., & Dohrenwend, B. S. (1970) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2948480 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Individual or Social Responsibility for Premature Death? Current Controversies in the British Debate about Health
Townsend, P. D. (1990) · International Journal of Health Services · doi:10.2190/9q6h-2ke7-x6fn-3dk8 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Women's smoking and measures of women's socio-economic status in the United Kingdom
Graham, H. M., & Hunt, S. M. (1994) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/9.2.81 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Health life-styles, health concern and social position in Germany and The Netherlands
Stevens, F. C. J., Diederiks, J. P. M., Lüschen, G., et al. (1995) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/5.1.46 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Life course epidemiology: Figure 1
Kuh, D., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Lynch, J., Hallqvist, J., & Power, C. (2003) · Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.57.10.778 · Cited by 2,019 · see citing works
Self-citation
Socioeconomic Status and Obesity
McLaren, L. (2007) · Epidemiologic Reviews · doi:10.1093/epirev/mxm001 · Cited by 1,968 · see citing works
Participation Rates in Epidemiologic Studies
Galea, S., & Tracy, M. (2007) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.03.013 · Cited by 1,877 · see citing works
Psychological stress in childhood and susceptibility to the chronic diseases of aging: Moving toward a model of behavioral and biological mechanisms.
Miller, G. E., Chen, E., & Parker, K. J. (2011) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0024768 · Cited by 1,785 · see citing works
Stress, Health, and the Life Course: Some Conceptual Perspectives
Pearlin, L. I., Schieman, S., Fazio, E. M., & Meersman, S. C. (2005) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.1177/002214650504600206 · Cited by 1,544 · see citing works
Socioeconomic Factors, Health Behaviors, and Mortality: Results From a Nationally Representative Prospective Study of US Adults
Lantz, P. M., House, J. S., Lepkowski, J. M., Williams, D. R., Mero, R. P., & Chen, J. (1998) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.279.21.1703 · Cited by 1,514 · see citing works
Understanding the association between socioeconomic status and physical health: do negative emotions play a role?
Gallo, L. C., & Matthews, K. A. (2003) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.1.10 · Cited by 1,366 · see citing works
Association of socioeconomic position with health behaviors and mortality
Stringhini, S. (2010) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2010.297 · Cited by 1,065 · see citing works
Childhood socioeconomic circumstances and cause-specific mortality in adulthood: systematic review and interpretation
Galobardes, B. (2004) · Epidemiologic Reviews · doi:10.1093/epirev/mxh008 · Cited by 753 · see citing works
Epidemiologic evidence for the relation between socioeconomic status and depression, obesity, and diabetes
Everson, S. A., Maty, S. C., Lynch, J. W., & Kaplan, G. A. (2002) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00303-3 · Cited by 687 · see citing works
Self-citation
Integrating the common risk factor approach into a social determinants framework
Watt, R. G., & Sheiham, A. (2012) · Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0528.2012.00680.x · Cited by 459 · see citing works
The ARC Organizational and Community Intervention Strategy for Implementing Evidence-Based Children's Mental Health Treatments
Glisson, C., & Schoenwald, S. K. (2005) · Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s11020-005-7456-1 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Hostility and Increased Risk of Mortality and Acute Myocardial Infarction: The Mediating Role of Behavioral Risk Factors
Everson, S. A., Kauhanen, J., Kaplan, G. A., Goldberg, D. E., Julkunen, J., Tuomilehto, J., & Salonen, J. T. (1997) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009245 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Self-citation
The role of psychobiological pathways in socio-economic inequalities in cardiovascular disease risk
Steptoe, A. (2002) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1053/euhj.2001.2611 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Personality and Longevity: Knowns, Unknowns, and Implications for Public Health and Personalized Medicine
Chapman, B. P., Roberts, B., & Duberstein, P. (2011) · Journal of Aging Research · doi:10.4061/2011/759170 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
“Different models may also characterize different personality traits and outcome [32, 206–210].”
Background
The relationship between income and oral health: a critical review
Singh, A., Peres, M. A., & Watt, R. G. (2019) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/0022034519849557 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Early-life and adult socioeconomic status and inflammatory risk markers in adulthood
Pollitt, R. A., Kaufman, J. S., Rose, K. M., Diez-Roux, A. V., Zeng, D., & Heiss, G. (2007) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-006-9082-1 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Personality, Socioeconomic Status, and All-Cause Mortality in the United States
Chapman, B. P., Fiscella, K., Kawachi, I., & Duberstein, P. R. (2010) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwp323 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Does childhood socioeconomic status influence adult health through behavioural factors?
van de Mheen, H. (1998) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/27.3.431 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Associations between perceived stress, socioeconomic status, and health-risk behaviour in deprived neighbourhoods in Denmark: a cross-sectional study
Algren, M. H., Ekholm, O., Nielsen, L., Ersbøll, A. K., Bak, C. K., & Andersen, P. T. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5170-x · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Does low socioeconomic status potentiate the effects of heightened cardiovascular responses to stress on the progression of carotid atherosclerosis?
Lynch, J. W., Everson, S. A., Kaplan, G. A., Salonen, R., & Salonen, J. T. (1998) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.88.3.389 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Self-citation
Social class in childhood and general health in adulthood: questionnaire study of contribution of psychological attributes
Bosma, H., van de Mheen, H. D., & Mackenbach, J. P. (1999) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.318.7175.18 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Characteristics of visitors and revisitors to an Internet-delivered computer-tailored lifestyle intervention implemented for use by the general public
Brouwer, W., Oenema, A., Raat, H., Crutzen, R., de Nooijer, J., de Vries, N. K., & Brug, J. (2010) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyp063 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Childhood Adversities and Adult Cardiometabolic Health: Does the Quantity, Timing, and Type of Adversity Matter?
Friedman, E. M., Montez, J. K., Sheehan, C. M., Guenewald, T. L., & Seeman, T. E. (2015) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/0898264315580122 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Trajectories of Socioeconomic Status Across Children's Lifetime Predict Health
Chen, E., Martin, A. D., & Matthews, K. A. (2007) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2006-3098 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
A systematic review of psychosocial explanations for the relationship between socioeconomic status and body mass index
Claassen, M. A., Klein, O., Bratanova, B., Claes, N., & Corneille, O. (2019) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2018.07.017 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Racial Differences in Mortality in Older Adults: Factors Beyond Socioeconomic Status
Study, F. T. H. A., Thorpe, R. J., Koster, A., Bosma, H., Harris, T. B., Simonsick, E. M., van Eijk, J. T. M., Kempen, G. I. J. M., Newman, A. B., Satterfield, S., et al. (2012) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-011-9335-4 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Risk of rehospitalisation and death for vulnerable New Zealand children
Oliver, J., Foster, T., Kvalsvig, A., Williamson, D. A., Baker, M. G., & Pierse, N. (2018) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/archdischild-2017-312671 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
A Health Navigator intervention to address the unmet social needs of caregivers of hospitalised children in South Australia: Protocol for a mixed-methods pilot study
Neadley, K. E., Downes, M., Chan, L., Poirier, B., Lynch, J., Boyd, M., & Shoubridge, C. (2025) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-025-01702-9 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citation

Measurement of Health Disparities, Health Inequities, and Social Determinants of Health to Support the Advancement of Health Equity
Penman-Aguilar, A., Talih, M., Huang, D., Moonesinghe, R., Bouye, K., & Beckles, G. (2016) · Journal of Public Health Management and Practice · doi:10.1097/phh.0000000000000373 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
What Are Health Disparities?
Williams, N. H. (2023) · The International Library of Bioethics · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-48262-5_2 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The Social Determinants of Health and Their Impact on Dermatologic Health, Part 1
Bowers, S., & Chang, A. Y. (2023) · Dermatologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.det.2022.10.002 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Pandemics and health equity issues: effects of disparities and social health determinants
Kooffreh, B., & Anyatang, B. F. I. (2022) · International Journal of Private Law · doi:10.1504/ijpl.2022.129683
Incorporation of social determinants of health into health care practice: A strategy to address health disparities
Carter, B. J., Jafry, M. Z., Siddiqi, A. D., Rogova, A., Liaw, W. R., & Reitzel, L. R. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-824010-6.00016-2 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Authors: Lynch, J. W., Kaplan, G. A., & Salonen, J. T.
Affiliations: Western Consortium for Public Health (US)
California Health and Human Services Agency (US)
University of Eastern Finland (FI)
Corresponding author: Lynch, J.W.
ORCID: Lynch, J.W.
Kaplan, G.A.
Venue: Social Science & Medicine
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1997-03
Volume: 44
Issue: 6
Pages: 809-819
ISSN: 0277-9536 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0277-9536(96)00191-8
OpenAlex: W2018751384
Cited by: 1,150
References: 76
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 69 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 60 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 55
FWCI: 24.60
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Social Science & Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Funders: Opetus- ja Kulttuuriministeriö
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
Academy of Finland
Topics: Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Social Sciences › Health › Public Health and Social Inequalities
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Employment and Welfare Studies
Keywords: socioeconomic inequalities in health, health behavior, socio-psychological factors, childhood socioeconomic conditions, parental socioeconomic status, educational attainment, income inequality, middle-aged men, public health policy
MeSH terms: Adult, Alcohol Drinking, Finland, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Poverty, Social Class, Socioeconomic Factors, Health Behavior

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Why do poor people behave poorly? Variation in adult health behaviours and psychosocial characteristics by stages of the socioeconomic lifecourse

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks