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Cited by 166Urban and Rural Development ChallengesWater Governance and InfrastructureGender Studies and Social Issues

Our needs, our priorities; women and men from the slums in Mumbai and Pune talk about their needs for water and sanitation.

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Bapat, Meera, Agarwal, Indu·2003·Environment and Urbanization
DOI 10.1177/095624780301500221
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Abstract

This paper presents extracts from interviews with slum dwellers, primarily women, in Mumbai and Pune, and discusses the conditions they cope with every day with regard to water and sanitation, and the ways these conditions have changed over time. These women live in a variety of circumstances – on pavements, beside railway tracks, in swampy areas, on steep slopes – and this affects the particular problems they face. But in all cases, dealing with their needs for water and sanitation is a stressful and time-consuming challenge. These interviews provide the kinds of insights that rarely emerge in quantitative studies.

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Crossref · 10.1177/095624780301500221

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  • General and sexual harassment are more frequently observed/documented in sanitation than water research.

    “General harassment, including taunting, teasing, name calling, and throwing things at women or girls is more frequently observed in sanitation [138, 168, 174, 175, 181, 187, 190, 263] than water research [168,199] Sexual harassment, including verbal harassment, peeping, flashing, and male masturbation is also more frequently documented in sanitation [171-174, 189, 190, 214, 217, 226, 231, 233]”

    From Water, sanitation, and women’s empowerment: A systematic review and qualitative metasynthesis (2022) · cites this paper as [168]

  • Women who withheld food and water or suppressed urination and defecation when lacking access to safe, clean latrines reported experiencing urinary tract infections, headaches, stomach aches, constipation, diarrhea, and other illnesses.

    “Women who withheld food and water or suppressed urination and defecation when lacking access to safe, clean latrines reported experiencing urinary tract infections, headaches, stomach aches, constipation, diarrhea, and other illnesses [135, 168, 172-174, 184, 190, 214, 248].”

    From Water, sanitation, and women’s empowerment: A systematic review and qualitative metasynthesis (2022) · cites this paper as [168]

  • Women coped with sanitation stressors by seeking social support, withholding food or drink, or changing the timing of sanitation behaviors, though adaptations could also cause stress.

    “Women coped with sanitation stressors by seeking social support, withholding food or drink, or changing the timing of sanitation behaviors, though adaptations could also cause stress [168, 177, 184, 189].”

    From Water, sanitation, and women’s empowerment: A systematic review and qualitative metasynthesis (2022) · cites this paper as [168]

  • Limited income and asset access and control, including over land, constrained women's access to sanitation and limited independent decision-making about latrine construction; women reported using public pay-per-use toilets and incurring higher costs than men due to more frequent need.

    “Similarly, limited income and asset access and control, including over land, constrained women's access to sanitation [119, 124, 125, 135, 147, 168, 171, 174, 186, 187, 191, 217, 239, 240, 270] and limited independent decision-making about latrine construction [119, 124, 135].Women reported using public pay-per-use toilets [168, 171, 174, 227, 239, 270] and incurring higher costs than men due to”

    From Water, sanitation, and women’s empowerment: A systematic review and qualitative metasynthesis (2022) · cites this paper as [168]

  • Time spent on sanitation has caused women to be late for work or suppress needs to avoid being late, work longer days if they needed to leave to use the toilet, fail to complete household chores, or be scolded or punished for taking too long.

    “Time spent on sanitation has caused women to be late for work or suppress needs to avoid being late, [168, 173] work longer days if they needed to leave to use the toilet, [250] fail to complete household chores, [226] or be scolded or punished for taking too long.[189]”

    From Water, sanitation, and women’s empowerment: A systematic review and qualitative metasynthesis (2022) · cites this paper as [168]

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Authors
Bapat, M., & Agarwal, I.
Affiliations
  • 18 Madhav baug, Paud road, Pune 411 038, India;
  • Sun Pharma Advanced Research (India) (IN)
Corresponding author
Bapat, Meera
Venue
Environment and Urbanization
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2003-10
Volume
15
Issue
2
Pages
71-86
ISSN
  • 0956-2478 (ISSN-L)
  • 1746-0301
DOI
10.1177/095624780301500221
OpenAlex
W2056984836
Cited by
166
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 5
FWCI
7.38
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations
Environment and Urbanization (publishedVersion)
Funders
Danish International Development Agency
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Urban and Rural Development Challenges
  • Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Water Governance and Infrastructure
  • Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Studies and Social Issues
Keywords
slum dwellers, women's needs, water supply, sanitation, informal settlements, Mumbai, Pune, urban poverty, household coping strategies

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