The DOI matches its Crossref record; 41 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Value of Exercising Control Over Monetary Gains and Losses
Open accessAbstract
Using functional MRI, we examined how the affective experience of choice, the means by which individuals exercise control, is modulated by the valence of potential outcomes (gains, losses). When trials involved potential gains, participants reported liking cues predicting a choice opportunity better than cues predicting no choice opportunity—an effect that corresponded with blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) increases in ventral striatum (VS) activity. Surprisingly, no differences were observed between choice and no-choice cues when participants anticipated potential losses. Individual differences in subjective choice preference in the loss condition, however, corresponded to choice-related BOLD activity in VS. We conducted a second experiment to examine whether monetary losses were perceived differently in the context of simultaneous gains. When losses occurred in the absence of gains, participants showed an increased affective experience of choice—they reported greater liking of choice than no-choice trials, and VS activity was greater for choice than for no-choice cues. Collectively, the findings suggest that the affective experience of choice involves reward-processing circuitry when people anticipate appetitive and aversive outcomes, but the choice experience may be sensitive to context and individual differences.
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“studies in healthy controls have shown that personally chosen vs. passively received rewards elicit stronger activation in the striatum (ventral and dorsal) and PFC (inferior frontal gyrus) [212-215], which is inversely related to depressive symptoms [212].”
From Prefrontal cortex and depression (2022) · cites this paper as [214]
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Citations
Cites
Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
Rotter, J. B. (1966) · Psychological Monographs: General and Applied · doi:10.1037/h0092976 · Cited by 21,937 · cited 1×
“As a result, the value of choice was more variable across participants, depending on possible individual differences in loss aversion and perceived control in the face of failure, which people tend to attribute to external sources beyond their control (Brewin & Shapiro, 1984; Rotter, 1966).”
BackgroundStatus quo bias in decision making
Samuelson, W., & Zeckhauser, R. (1988) · Journal of Risk and Uncertainty · doi:10.1007/bf00055564 · Cited by 5,897 · cited 2×
“Furthermore, individuals may vary in their tendency to accept the status quo, as opposed to overtly acting in a way that could lead to an error and potential regret (Baron & Ritov, 1994; Samuelson & Zeckhauer, 1988).”
BackgroundKahneman, D. J., & Tversky, A. (2013) · World Scientific handbook in financial economic series · doi:10.1142/9789814417358_0016 · Cited by 5,379
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Learned helplessness: Theory and evidence
Maier, S. F., & Seligman, M. E. (1976) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.105.1.3 · Cited by 2,494 · cited 1×
“Because deficits in perceived control are believed to be at the core of many psychiatric diseases (Beck, Emery, & Greenberg, 1985; Maier & Seligman, 1976; Shapiro et al., 1996), fully characterizing the affective experience of choice will be critical for learning about both the development and…”
BackgroundAnticipation of Increasing Monetary Reward Selectively Recruits Nucleus Accumbens
Knutson, B., Adams, C. M., Fong, G. W., & Hommer, D. (2001) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-16-j0002.2001 · Cited by 2,244 · cited 1×
“Belief in one’s ability to exert control over the environment is essential for an individual’s well-being.”
BackgroundA framework for studying the neurobiology of value-based decision making
Rangel, A., Camerer, C., & Montague, P. R. (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2357 · Cited by 2,184
Dissociable Roles of Ventral and Dorsal Striatum in Instrumental Conditioning
O'Doherty, J., Dayan, P., Schultz, J., Deichmann, R., Friston, K., & Dolan, R. J. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1094285 · Cited by 2,088
Prefrontal-Subcortical Pathways Mediating Successful Emotion Regulation
Wager, T. D., Davidson, M. L., Hughes, B. L., Lindquist, M. A., & Ochsner, K. N. (2008) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.09.006 · Cited by 1,761
The neural basis of loss aversion in decision-making under risk
Tom, S. M., Fox, C. R., Trepel, C., & Poldrack, R. A. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1134239 · Cited by 1,733
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Cowan, E. T., & Murty, V. P. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820480-1.00112-1
Sense of control buffers against stressPreprint
Fielder, J. C., Shi, J., McGlade, D., Huys, Q. J. M., & Steinbeis, N. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.105025.1
Bendetowicz, D., Temiz, G., Tempier, N., Hainque, É., Welter, M., Czernecki, V., Lau, B., Karachi, C., & Munuera, J. (2025) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.06.008
Sense of control buffers against stressPreprint
Fielder, J. C., Shi, J., McGlade, D., Huys, Q. J. M., & Steinbeis, N. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.105025.2
The Value of Perceived Control
Yang, Y.-Y., Kwon, S.-J., Derrell, A., & Delgado, M. R. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-02925-6_19
Self-citationDevelopmental Diversity in the Effects of Control on Memory
Ding, Z., Yan, Y., Zhang, S., Libo, Z. H. A. O., Liu, X., & Zhang, M. (2026) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/desc.70150
Wahidi, I., & Theodoraki, C. (2026) · Entrepreneurship Research Journal · doi:10.1515/erj-2025-0484
“Crisis conditions intensify this e ff ect because individuals under extreme uncertainty may take riskier decisions simply because the cognitive e ff ort required for cautious deliberation exceeds their available resources (Leotti and Delgado 2014).”
Sense of agency and decision making
Ashby, F. G. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1816045
“The most direct test of the ADDS prediction that active choice has less effect on the utility of losses than gains was reported by Leotti and Delgado (2014).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Leotti, L. A., & Delgado, M. R.
- Affiliations
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- Venue
- Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2014-01-03
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 596-604
- ISSN
- 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9280
- PMC
- PMC3970926
- OpenAlex
- W2135441216
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 5.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA-027764, F32DA027308, R01DA027764)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- monetary gains and losses, ventral striatum, reward processing, outcome valence, individual differences, choice preference, context effects, aversive outcomes, decision-making
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Choice Behavior, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Reward, Young Adult, Executive Function, Anticipation, Psychological, Ventral Striatum
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