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Cited by 42Memory Processes and InfluencesFace Recognition and PerceptionVisual perception and processing mechanisms

Large Capacity of Conscious Access for Incidental Memories in Natural Scenes

Kaunitz, Lisandro N., Rowe, Elise G., Tsuchiya, Naotsugu·2016·Psychological Science
DOI 10.1177/0956797616658869
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Abstract

When searching a crowd, people can detect a target face only by direct fixation and attention. Once the target is found, it is consciously experienced and remembered, but what is the perceptual fate of the fixated nontarget faces? Whereas introspection suggests that one may remember nontargets, previous studies have proposed that almost no memory should be retained. Using a gaze-contingent paradigm, we asked subjects to visually search for a target face within a crowded natural scene and then tested their memory for nontarget faces, as well as their confidence in those memories. Subjects remembered up to seven fixated, nontarget faces with more than 70% accuracy. Memory accuracy was correlated with trial-by-trial confidence ratings, which implies that the memory was consciously maintained and accessed. When the search scene was inverted, no more than three nontarget faces were remembered. These findings imply that incidental memory for faces, such as those recalled by eyewitnesses, is more reliable than is usually assumed.

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  • Recent evidence demonstrates that humans have conscious access to incidentally encoded information within memories and can target this information in order to solve memory tasks.

    “recent evidence demonstrates that humans have conscious access to incidentally encoded information within memories and can target this information in order to solve memory tasks [154,177–179].”

    From Is episodic-like memory <i>like</i> episodic memory? (2024) · cites this paper as [179]

  • These observations raise the possibility that non-human animals may also have conscious access to incidental information within memories.

    “these observations nevertheless raise the possibility that non-human animals may also have conscious access to incidental information within memories.”

    From Is episodic-like memory <i>like</i> episodic memory? (2024) · cites this paper as [179]

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Authors
Kaunitz, L. N., Rowe, E. G., & Tsuchiya, N.
Affiliations
  • Monash University (AU)
  • Japan Science and Technology Agency (JP)
Corresponding author
Kaunitz, Lisandro N.
ORCID
Venue
Psychological Science
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2016-08-20
Volume
27
Issue
9
Pages
1266-1277
ISSN
  • 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
  • 1467-9280
DOI
10.1177/0956797616658869
OpenAlex
W2508731798
Cited by
42
References
42
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1
FWCI
4.88
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations
  • Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Keywords
incidental memory, face recognition (cognition), natural images, visual attention, memory confidence, gaze-contingent paradigm, face inversion, eyewitness memory, conscious memory
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Attention, Consciousness, Eye Movements, Face, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Visual Perception, Reproducibility of Results, Recognition, Psychology, Young Adult

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