Cited by 898Misinformation and Its ImpactsSocial and Intergroup PsychologyDeception detection and forensic psychology

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Debunking: A Meta-Analysis of the Psychological Efficacy of Messages Countering Misinformation

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Chan, Man-pui Sally, Jones, Christopher R., Hall Jamieson, Kathleen, Albarracín, Dolores·2017·Psychological Science

DOI 10.1177/0956797617714579PMC PMC5673564

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Abstract

This meta-analysis investigated the factors underlying effective messages to counter attitudes and beliefs based on misinformation. Because misinformation can lead to poor decisions about consequential matters and is persistent and difficult to correct, debunking it is an important scientific and public-policy goal. This meta-analysis ( k = 52, N = 6,878) revealed large effects for presenting misinformation ( ds = 2.41–3.08), debunking ( ds = 1.14–1.33), and the persistence of misinformation in the face of debunking ( ds = 0.75–1.06). Persistence was stronger and the debunking effect was weaker when audiences generated reasons in support of the initial misinformation. A detailed debunking message correlated positively with the debunking effect. Surprisingly, however, a detailed debunking message also correlated positively with the misinformation-persistence effect.

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Authors: Chan, M.-P. S., Jones, C. R., Hall Jamieson, K., & Albarracín, D.
Affiliations: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
University of Pennsylvania (US)
The Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania
Corresponding author: Chan, Man-pui Sally
ORCID: Chan, Man-pui Sally
Jones, Christopher R.
Albarracín, Dolores
Venue: Psychological Science
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2017-09-12
Volume: 28
Issue: 11
Pages: 1531-1546
ISSN: 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
1467-9280
DOI: 10.1177/0956797617714579
PMC: PMC5673564
OpenAlex: W2754477858
Cited by: 898
References: 42
Citations by year: 2026: 81 · 2025: 117 · 2024: 112 · 2023: 93 · 2022: 142 · 2021: 114 · 2020: 93 · 2019: 85 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 3
FWCI: 20.35
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH094241)
National Cancer Institute (P50CA179546)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Misinformation and Its Impacts
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Deception detection and forensic psychology
Keywords: debunking, misinformation, belief revision, attitude change, misinformation correction
MeSH terms: Attitude, Communication, Humans, Thinking

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Debunking: A Meta-Analysis of the Psychological Efficacy of Messages Countering Misinformation

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